1、人教版中考英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。主句為句子的主體，從句只是做句子的一個(gè)成分。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可以把從句分為名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句），定語從句和狀語從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，讓步，方式，比較等）三類。一.賓語從句1 .賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同分為三種類型由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中that不做成分，可省略。Weallknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmeri

2、ca.由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?2 .賓語從句“三關(guān)”引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)注意：whether與if的區(qū)別只用whether的情況 在介詞后面Wedon'tthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday. 在動(dòng)詞不定式前Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.當(dāng)與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時(shí)MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornotatthattime賓語從句提前時(shí)Whet

3、herthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay在動(dòng)詞discuss后的賓語從句中Wediscussedwhetherweshouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.引導(dǎo)表語從句或位于句首的主語從句用whetherThequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight只用if的情況引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)HeaskedmeifIhad'tfinishedmyhomework引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)，if意為“如果”We'llgohikingifitdoesn'traintomorrow語序關(guān)賓語從句若為陳述句，

4、語序不變賓語從句若為一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，語序還原為陳述語序時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定如果主句是過去某種時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)一定變?yōu)檫^去某時(shí)態(tài)注意：賓語從句表述的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3 .人稱變化：4 .從句簡(jiǎn)化當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是find,see,watch,hea等時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為省to不定式或v+ing形式Shefoundthatthewalletlay/lyingontheground-Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,forget等

5、，且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths-Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?7Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?5 .否定轉(zhuǎn)移如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主語是一人稱時(shí)，后面所接賓語從句的否定詞通常前移到主句中。Id

6、on'tthinkthatshecanfinishthisworkontime.注意：這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主謂要與從句一致Idon'tthinkheisinterestedinthat,ishe?如果主句主語是二三人稱時(shí)，賓語從句否定詞不前移，反意疑問句反問主句Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didn'tshe?二.狀語從句1 .時(shí)間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等來引導(dǎo)。在時(shí)間狀語從句中，通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將

7、來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到才”，在以前不”，謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。Since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)。While引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，不能是短暫性動(dòng)詞。as,when,while都表示主從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生。as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對(duì)比；發(fā)生時(shí)間較短，且由“一邊一邊”的意思。When還可表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生。While用于時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。Whenyouha

8、vefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.2 .條件狀語從句通常用if,unless引導(dǎo)。在條件狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I'mwaitingformyfriend.Ifshedoesn'tcome,I'llgoshoppingalone.3.原因狀語從句通常用because,since,as（由于）引導(dǎo)。because示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用becauseas和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的從句多放在

9、句首。because口so不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourmatch.4 .結(jié)果狀語從句由so-that,such-that,sothat弓I導(dǎo)。sothat與suchthat可以互換。如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so.so-that句型的否定形式可用簡(jiǎn)單句tooto或not-enoughto代替such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsnch+a(an)用容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that=so+形容詞+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatLastnightJudyworkedsolateth

10、atshedidn'tcatchtheearlybusthismorning.5 .比較狀語從句通常由as-as,than等連詞引導(dǎo)Thoughtheplayerisoverthirty,hecanstillrunasfastassomeyoungplayers6 .目的狀語從句通常用sothat,inorderthat弓I導(dǎo)。sothat即可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別是：目的狀語從句中往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等，從意義上看，目的狀語從句表示的目的很明確。Passthecakeroundsothateveryonecantakeapiec

11、e.7 .讓步狀語從句通常由though,although,as等連詞引導(dǎo)。although,though與but不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。Thoughheisold,heisverystrong.8 .地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where,wherever弓I導(dǎo)WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.9 .方式狀語從句通常由as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedonebyt望另U人怎樣待你，你就怎樣待人三.定語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的句子，在句中修飾名詞、代詞，常由關(guān)系代詞which,that,who(m),whose及關(guān)

12、系副詞when,where,why等弓I導(dǎo)。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句放先行詞后做后置定語1 .當(dāng)先行詞表示人時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系代詞that,who,whom引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)先行詞表物時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系詞that或which。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。that可指人，也可指物，在從句中可作主語，賓語。作賓語可省which指物，在從句中作主語，賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省，可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可與that互換。who,whom,whose指人，who在從句中做主語，whom在從句中作賓語，whose在從句中作定語Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thep

13、ackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingistooheavy.Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcoverisgreen.2 .當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語時(shí)不可用that,which,who(m)等關(guān)系代詞,而應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞。表示時(shí)間用when表示地點(diǎn)用where,表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”形式。Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.3 .其他注意事項(xiàng)表示物時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況 當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anythin

14、g,little,muchnone,theon濤不定代詞時(shí) 先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,muchly修飾時(shí) 先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesam籌詞修飾時(shí)（當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，也可用關(guān)系代詞who或whom）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有物和人時(shí)主句中已有疑問詞who或which時(shí)Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?表示物時(shí)只用which不用that的情況當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號(hào)與主

15、語隔開，若去掉整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句）中指人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody,anybody,everyone,anyon曙時(shí)要用who,不用that一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和先

16、行詞一致oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞TitanicisoneofthebestmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthebestmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood四.主語從句在句中作主語的名詞性從句叫主語從句。主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用三人稱單數(shù)。主語從句可直接位于句首。但如主語從句長(zhǎng)，可用it充當(dāng)形式主語代替主語從句，把主語從句后置。記住下列主語從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Itissaidthat據(jù)說Itis

17、reportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道Itisannouncedthat.據(jù)宣布Itis(well)knownthat眾所周知Itisbelievedthat人們相信Itissupposedthat-人們希望Itishopedthat希望Itissuggestedthat有人建議Itmustberememberedthat務(wù)必t己住注意：有些情況下謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)和表語保持一致Whatweneedaredoctorsandnurses.Whatweneedistime.五.同位語從句同位語從句是對(duì)名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體詳細(xì)的說明。常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有fact,news,idea,truth,ho

18、pe,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞為that,有時(shí)根據(jù)需要也可以用when,where等Hisopinionthatwemusttakegoodcareofourearthsoundsreasonable.Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.注意:同位語從句的that在句中不作句子成分，也無詞義，但不能省。而定語從句中的that除了引導(dǎo)從句外，還是從句的一個(gè)成分，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省。六.表語從句在句中作連系動(dòng)詞的表語的從句，位于主句中系動(dòng)詞后Thatiswhyhed

19、idn'tcometoschoolyesterday.練習(xí)I.We'llplaysnowmanitsnowsheavilythisafternoon.A.ifB.althoughC.unlessD.butCIII'，IiIIIiIi1.1 didntknowtheycouldpasstheexamornot.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.whether1.2 dontthinkBendidsuchastupidthing?A.doIB.didIC.didheD.doeshe4 .Newtonwasplayingunderanappletreeanapplefel

20、lontohisheadA.whenB.whileC.afterD.beforeLI，riIIiIII"II't5 .ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappilyA.whereB.whenC.whichD.why6 .DuringtheholidayIvisitedShaolinTempleliesinthewestofZhengzhou.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what7 .Jimsmotherlet

21、himwatchTVafterhefinishedhishomework.(同義句)JimsmotherlethimwatchTVhefinishedhishomework.8 .TheTVplayissointerestingthatweliketoseeitagain(改為同義句)ItisinteretingTVplayweliketoseeitagain.9 .WhenpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveguests(1)whentheyareinvitedtoaget-together,theyusuallytrytomakeothersfeelcomfortable

22、(2)relaxed.Generally,theytendtobeinformal.Menshakehands,(3)usuallyonly(4)theyareintroduced.Malefriendsandbusinessassociates(5)havetnseeneachotherforatimemayshakehands.Whenawoman(6)amanareintroduced,shakinghandsisdecidedbythewoman.Americanwomenbecomemore(7)moreindependent.Theygotoplacesbythemselves,e

23、arntheirownmoney,(8)oftenlivealone,SometimesiI"IIIrIIZXSiIIIIiiiItheywillaskmenforhelp,(9)theyusuallydontwanttobepeotected.Americanwomenmaystartconversationswithmen(10)evenaskthemtodance.1.1 Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelpA.thatB.towhomC.fromwhomD.who11 .Pleasepassmet

24、hedictionaryisblackA.itscoverB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.coverofwhich12 .Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,arefromtheneardyvillagesA.one-thirdofwhoB.one-thirdofwhichC.one-thirdofthemD.one-thirdofwhom13 .Thisisthestudentyoutookthemessageyesterday.A.whosefatherB.towhosefatherC.tohisfatherD.hisfa

25、ther14 .ThereisntmuchIcandoA.whatB.whichC.thatD.how15 .TellusaboutthepeopleandtheplacesaredifferentfromoursA.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom16 .LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,aconferencewastobeheldA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where17 .Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone18 .Thisisthevery

26、filmI'velongwishedtoseeA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom19 .ThereisnodifficultycantbeovercomeintheworldA.thatB.whichC.whoD.what20 .WhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom21 .ThehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanurseryA.thatB.whereC.whatD.when22 .Thehouseweliveis

27、notbigA.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that23 .單句改錯(cuò)ThisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweekThisisthewatchforwhichTomislookingThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwoThehouseinthatweliveisverysmallThesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow24 .TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsnameitdoesnotincludea

28、countrythatishometoonefifthofmankindA.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough25 .JohnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenhecouldpreparehisgrandsurpriseforthepartyA.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif26 .Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituationitgotworse,A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as27 .-Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewa

29、satschool?-Yes.HehadneverpraisedhimhebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgradeA.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when28 .YoucaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantyoulikeA.wheneverB.whereeverC.whateverD.however29 .ScientistssayirmaybefiveorsixyearsitispossibletotestthismedicineonhunmanpatientsA.siceB.afterC.beforeD.when30 .Thi

30、shouseismyfatherpaintedbyhimself.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./31 .wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehaveA.What,/B.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what32 .-WhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?-HewantedtoknowhowlongwhenIreachedthecinemaA.hadthefilmbeenonB.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadlastedD.hadthefilmendedcell,，II"iIiII33.I

31、donthavetointroducehimtoyouyouknowtheboyA.untilB.unlessC.sinceD.but34 .hamburgersarejunkfood,manychildrenlikethemA.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Although35 .WeshoulddowecanthoseendangeredanimalsA.that,tosaveB.which,saveC.that,saveD.what,tosvae36 .yougo,youdo,IwillberightherewaitingforyouB.Wherever,whateverC.

32、where,whatCflLI'tttIIItl"II37.Ifyoudontgotothemallthisweekend,AI"IIiIIt"iIZ"S"tII"IIlXII't"iIA.hewill,tooB.hewont,eitherC.neitherhewillD.hedoesnt,either38.Iarrivedattheairporttheplanehadtakenoff.A.afterB.whileC.whenD.before40.Ourhometownisquitedifferentfrom

33、beforeA.thatitwasB.whatitwasC.whichitwasD.whenitwas41.shesucceededinfinishinghertasksremainsasecretA.WhatB.IfC.HowD.Who42.Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained43 .WearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputerA.whichB.thatC.

34、whoseD.when44 .thedayswenton,theweathergotworseA.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As45 .-Whatwasthepartylike?-ItsyearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuchA.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since46 .youhavetriediton,youcantimaginehowprettythenewstyleskirtis.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.When47.Iwon'tgotoherpartyunlessmybestfriendTomA.wil

35、linviteB.willbeinvitedC.isinvitedD.invites48 .FranklintoldthemalltobeinBritainagainA.hewashowhappyB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.hewashappyhow49 .JaneisoneofthestudentsintheclasshaveeverbeentoChinaA.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom50.IstillrememberthetimewespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyearA.whenB.whatC.w

36、hoD.which51.Mr.SmithA.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;whereissmokingislookingforhelostyesterday52.NobodyknowsA.howwillourfuturelooklikeB.whatwillourfuturebelikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeD.whatourfuturewillbelike1.1 IwaschattingwithmyfriendsonthephonemymothercameinA.whileB.whenC.asD.since1.2 Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedmeIwanttouseadictionaryforA.whatB.whyC.howD.whether55 .Customersareaskedtomakesurethattheytherightchargebe-foreleavingtheshopA.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven56 .Tomdidintgotoschool?A.DoyouknowhowB.WhydoyouknowC.HowyouknowwhyD.Doyouknowwhy57