1、第五講非謂語動詞板塊一考題體驗聚焦高考Part I真題變式體驗1. 2015 福建高考(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.答案：To learn根據(jù)句式分析，該題有一個謂語，且無連詞，故應填非謂語，根據(jù)句 意可知此處表目的，故填 To learn。2. 2015 江蘇高考Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by he

2、alth problems.答案：spent根據(jù)句式分析，該題只有一個謂語，且無連詞，盡管前半句很長，但也 應填非謂語，spend”與much time”之間為被動關系，故填過去分詞spent。3. 2015 天津高考 (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案：Having worked根據(jù)句子結構，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語結構，句子主語Steve”為work”的邏輯主語，兩者為主動關系，且work”表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即 Having worked。4. 2015

3、 安徽高考 (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案：Ignoring 該句中的謂語是will be”，而其前的部分應為句子的主語，因此此題考查動名詞作主語結構，ignore”與謂語動詞之間沒有明顯的前后順序，故填 Ignoring。5. 2015 陜西高考Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mothe

4、r(take) good care of at home.答案：taken考查“感官動詞+賓語+賓補”結構，其中fake”與his mother”之間為被 動關系，故應填taken。6. 2015 重慶高考(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.答案：Raised分析句式可以看出，該題考查非謂語動詞作狀語結構，raise的邏輯主語是句子主語he,兩者之間為被動關系，故填Raisedo7. 2014 湖南高考Children, when(accompa

5、ny) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.答案：accompanied本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。主語 children”與accompany”之間為 邏輯上的被動關系。when accompanied by their parents”相當于 when children are accompaniedby their parents,故答案為accompaniedo句意：當孩子被其父母陪伴時，他們才被允許進入 這個運動場。8. 2014 天津高考Anxiously, she took the dress out of the

6、packageand tried it on,only(find) it didnt fit.答案：to find 本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。根據(jù)語境可知，此處考查“ only +動詞不定式”表示出乎意料的結果。所以答案為 to findo句意：她急切地從袋子里取出那條連衣裙 試穿了一下，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。9. 2014 斗匕京高考The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without(recognize).答案：being recognized本題考查非謂語動詞。Without”為介詞，后接動詞的動名詞形式，

7、recognize”與he”為邏輯上的被動關系，故答案為being recognized。句意：那個電影明星戴著太陽鏡，因此，他可以在不被認出的情況下去購物。10. 2014 北京高考There are still many problems(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.答案：to be solved本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。根據(jù)句意可知這些問題還未解決 ；to be soked”既表被動又表示將來，故答案為to be solved o句意：在我們準備好在月球上長久停留之前，仍然還有許多問題有待解決。Partn

8、語篇真題演練閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。2014 課標全國卷 n One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 42 some of them looked very anxious and 43(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we allhurried on board. I got a

9、place next 44 the window, so I had a good view of thesidewalk. A boy on a bike 45 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 47 (ride). Hewas

10、 carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, 48anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ” A woman on the busshouted, “Oh dear! Its 49 (I) . She p

11、ushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 50 (sudden) became friendly to one another.Step 1:通讀全文，掌握主旨大意。本文講述的是一件小事改變了人們對彼此的態(tài)度。Step 2：逐題解答，確定答案。41. beingo a worried about表示擔憂，介詞后面應該跟名詞或動名詞。42

12、. ando空前為句子，空后亦是句子，由此判斷中間需填連詞。43. disappointed。and連接兩個并列的成分，前面anxious為形容詞可知答案。disappoint的形容詞有兩個，應填disappointed ,修飾人。44. ioo根據(jù)語義此處應為固定短語表示“緊挨著窗戶”。45. caught。此處所在的句子中沒出現(xiàn)謂語，故應填動詞的時態(tài)，根據(jù)全篇時態(tài)，故可 知答案。46. to_stop。refuse后面應跟動詞的不定式。47. riding。 keep后面應該跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語。48. Did_。根據(jù)句式結構此處應填助動詞，根據(jù)語境可知答案。49. me/mine。

13、根據(jù)上文中的問題，此處填代詞的賓格或名詞性物主代詞作表語。50. suddenly。根據(jù)結構可知，此處修飾動詞became,應用副詞。Step 3:代入驗證。需考慮語法結構正確且語義符合邏輯，語法結合語義才能確保萬無一失。板塊二考點透析突破高考考生對非謂語動詞的（1）非謂語動詞的基本學習存在以下問題：形式及含義；（2）非謂（1）句子結構不清，造語動詞作定語的結構成謂語與非謂語分辨及用法；（3）非謂語動不清；（2）受漢語影響,詞作賓補的結構及用某些漢語理解與英語知識法；（4）非謂語動詞作學情動詞形式不一致時，清單狀語的結構及用法；分析出現(xiàn)很多錯誤，如（5）非謂語動詞作主satisfied,理解為

14、主動語、賓語和表語的用意義，但其形式表示法；（6）非謂語動詞使被動含義；（3）解題時,用中存在的問題分思路混亂，不按解題析。思路去做，導致錯誤 頻出。非謂語動詞不同形式的構成及含義如圖表:非謂語動詞形式意義不定式一般式：to do將要發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞后進行式：to be doing謂語發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行 或與謂語同時發(fā)生完成式：to have done發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或已經(jīng)發(fā)生不定式to be done被動、將來to have been done被動、發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前動詞-ing 形式式：doing與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或動作正在進行完having done發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前

15、或已經(jīng)發(fā)生動詞-ing 形式being done被動、進行having been done被動、發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前過去分詞done被動、完成注意：1 having been done與done作狀語時沒有明顯區(qū)別， 可以互換，但having been donefallen leaves 落葉。不能作定語和賓補，強調(diào)時間先后。2不及物動詞的過去分詞，只表不完成，不表不被動，如,3 有時過去分詞只表示被動而不強調(diào)時間性。 The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.這個男孩正在街道上跑，后面跟著一只狗。 Having eaten

16、at the Cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.Tina 以前在這個自助餐廳吃過以后，再也不想去那兒吃了?？键c一 非謂語動詞作定語1 不定式作定語不定式作定語， 通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后， 與所修飾的詞之間構成主謂、 動賓 或同位關系。(1)常被不定式修飾的名詞有： chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity 等，常表同 位關系。 He had no chance to go to school before liberation.( 同位關系 )解放前他沒有上學

17、的機會。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English.( 同位關系 )你有英語讀寫的能力嗎？(2)由序數(shù)詞修飾，再被非謂語修飾時，一般用不定式作定語，表主謂關系。She likes to listen to Mr Lis lessons, so she is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主謂關系)她喜歡聽李先生的課，所以她總是第一個來最后一個走的學生。(3)在表示有要做的事情時，通常用不定式作定語，不定式與被修飾詞之間為被動關系。 Do you ha

18、ve anything to be typed, sir? No, thanks.先生，你有東西要打印嗎？沒有，謝謝。 There is a lot of work to do.有許多活要干。注意： (1)在該用法中，使用不定式的主動形式強調(diào)動作由句子主語發(fā)出；使用被動形式則強調(diào)動作由別人來做：(3)中打印的動作不是句子主語you發(fā)出，故用被動形式。I have some homework to do . 由 I 來做I have some homework to be done . 由他人來做(2)若不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，則要在該動詞后加適當?shù)慕樵~。如：I have no pen to

19、 write with .我沒有寫字用的筆。2 動詞 -ing 形式作定語(1) 動詞 -ing 形式的主動式(doing) 作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系， 表示該動作的主動和進行。Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近來一個把兩個不同商場同類商品價格做一比較的調(diào)查引發(fā)了市民的激烈討論。(2)動詞-ing形式的一般被動式(being done)作定語與所修飾名詞之間存

20、在邏輯上的被動 關系，表示該動作的被動和進行。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是給老師們的。(3) 動詞 -ing 形式作定語相當于一個定語從句， 強調(diào)經(jīng)常性狀態(tài)或動作的進行。 單個詞要 前置，短語要后置。John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it.(=定語 從句John.the official letter which/that offers him it.)約翰的確得到了這份工作，因為他給我看

21、了提供他工作的正式信函。3 動詞 -ed 形式作定語動詞 -ed 形式(短語 )作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上存在被動關系，并表示該動作的被動或完成。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.建于 1911 年的清華大學是無數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。 The question discussed(= which was discussed) yesterday is important.昨天討論的問題是重要的。注意： 作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式： doing 和 do

22、ne。 doing 表示正在進行； done 表 示已經(jīng)完成。boiling water 正在沸騰的水boiled water 開水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家developed countries 發(fā)達國家典例 12016 江蘇揚州質(zhì)檢 The deal, (complete) next week, will allowCharney to make a great fortune in the stock market.解析to be completed 根據(jù) next week 可知，complete”將要發(fā)生，修飾 the deal, 兩者構成被動關系，故填to

23、 be completed 。典例 22016 浙江重點中學適應測試二People tend to love agricultural products(grow)without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives.解析 grown 根據(jù)句式結構可以看出， 空格作定語修飾products ， “grow ”與“products”之間為被動關系且已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故填過去分詞。典例 3 2016 安徽合肥質(zhì)檢一 My thanks should go to those(inspire) me to go ahead and g

24、iving me support as well.解析 inspiring 考查非謂語作定語，此處inspire 與 those 之間構成主動關系，并且與 giving 并列，故填inspiring 。考點二 非謂語動詞作賓補1 常見的非謂語動詞作賓補的結構：動詞賓語賓補,而在考查過程中，經(jīng)常見到的一種結構是其被動結構“be done to do ” 。My mother allowed me to watch TV after finishing my homework in the evening.（ 主動語 態(tài)）? I was allowed to watch TV after fini

25、shing my homework in the evening. （ 被動語態(tài) ）因此，在熟練掌握主動情況下，更要注意被動語態(tài)中補語的結構。常見的動詞有： ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 等。2 感官動詞賓語賓補感官動詞（短語）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的賓語補足語主要有三種形式，試比較（以

26、 see 為例 ） ：賓語與賓語補足 語之間為邏輯上的 主動關系doing sth.看見正在做 do sth.看見se葉賓語+ 做了done看見被做賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的被動關系 I heard her sing an English song just now.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。（主動，完成） I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見她正在唱英文歌。（主動，正在進行） To learn English well, we should find op

27、portunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.為了學好英語，我們應該找機會盡可能多地聽英語。（被動，無時間性）3 使讓動詞賓語賓補do sth.讓做某事賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的主動關系（1）make +賓語+done讓被做賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的被動關系do sth.使做某事語補足語之doing sth.使持續(xù)間為邏輯上have+賓語+做某事的主動關系done被做/遭受賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的被動關系注意： 1 在以上省去to 的不定式作賓補的結構中，若變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，需將省去的不定式符號 to 補出來。He ma

28、de his workers work 12 hours a day. 主動他讓他的工人們每天工作 12 個小時。? His workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 被動2 have 還可以用于“ have sth. to do/to be done” 結構中， 其中 have 作 “ 有 ” 講， 不定式作定語。I have something urgent to inform you.我有很緊急的事要通知你們。3 get+兵語+to do sth.使1 doing sth. 使 某事做某事開始做賓語與賓語 補足語之間 為邏輯上的主動關系done使

29、被做 賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的被動關系 He got me to post the letter for him.他讓我替他寄信。 Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亞歷山大試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學界認可。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進。 Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要 （請人 ）修一下我的自

30、行車。sb./sth. doing 使某人/物一直做某事4 keep/leave sb./sth. done 使某人 /物被表示被動且完成，或表示狀態(tài)Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.對不起讓你久等了。4 表示 “ 知道 ” 或 “ 認為 ” 的動詞 believe, consider, feel, know, think, suppose, understand, imagine 等的常用結構：動詞賓語 to do/to have done/to be doing 。以及其被動結構：主語+be+以上動詞的過去分詞+to do/to h

31、ave done/to be doing和主語+ be+ said/reported 等+ to do/to have done/to be doing。其中，to do 表動作發(fā)生在謂語之后； to have done表動作發(fā)生在謂語之前；to be doing表動作與謂語同時發(fā)生。Leonardo da Vinci was said to have bought birds kept in the cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.據(jù)說萊昂納多達芬奇為了體驗/享受放飛鳥的快樂，買了被困在籠子里的鳥。5with復

32、合結構（with +賓語+賓語補足語）作狀語，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞 還是動詞不* 定式作賓語補足語，關鍵是看賓語和賓語補足語之間的關系。 With time passing by （time 和 pass之間為主動關系 ）,he almost forgot everything in the past.隨著時間的流逝，他幾乎忘記了過去所有的事情。 He sat on the chair, with his hands tied （hands 和 tie 之間為被動關系）behind his back.他坐在椅子上，雙手在背后捆著。注意：“with +賓語+ to do”結構中如with譯為“

33、有”的意思，不定式表將要發(fā)生的 動作且與賓語是被動關系，此時用不定式的主動形式表被動。With a lot of problems to solve , the newly- elected president will have a hard time.有許多問題要解決，這個新選出的總統(tǒng)將有一段艱難的時期。典例 42016 陜西西工大附中二模 Do you know who our teacher will have written anarticle for the wall newspaper ?（改錯）解析writtenfwrite分析句子結構可以看出，該句have”的賓語是 who”

34、但提到前面，而賓補 write”乘U在原位置，即 have who write an article,意為讓誰寫文章”。典例 52016 重慶一中一診Jeremy Lin works extremely hard. So he does. He is often seen（sweat） heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.解析sweating 分析句子結構可以看出該題考查的是“see+賓語+賓補”這一結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的形式，看到 Jeremy Lin 正在流汗，故用sweating作賓補，在該句中轉化 為主補。典

35、仞ij 6 2016 北京海淀區(qū)期末The spread of the Ebola Virus in Nigeria is believed （control） by August, 2014.解析to have been controlled 根據(jù)句子結構可以看出， 該題考查“主+ be+過去分詞 + to do”結構，因control已經(jīng)發(fā)生且與 Ebola Virus之間為被動關系，故用 “不定式的完成 式的被動式”。典例 72016 湖南郴州質(zhì)檢二With a lot of homework（do）, I decided not toplay with you.解析to do根據(jù)句型結

36、構可知，該題考查with復合結構，且with含有“有”的意思，根據(jù)下文可知do”這一動作由發(fā)出，故用to do作賓補?？键c三非謂語動詞作狀語1不定式作狀語不定式作狀語通常表示：（1）原因（多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后）；（2）目的（可用so as to/in order to替換，但so as to一般不可置于句首）；（3）結果（常表意想不到的 結果，常為only to do）。 We were very excited to hear the news.（原因）To get there on time I got up very early.（目 的） He rushed to

37、school only to find there was nobody there.（結果）注意：不定式作目的狀語在句子后面時，不用逗號隔開，位于句子前時可以隔開。英語中只用不定式作目的狀語。 2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式即doing表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動關系。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即having done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。 Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.看到?jīng)]人在家，她決定給他們留個條。（主動意義，非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生） Having wait

38、ed for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.等了一個小時后，他意識到他把錢包落在了家中。（主動意義，非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前）Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因為被要求加班而錯過了一場精彩的電影。（被動意義，非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前）3過去分詞作狀語（1）過去分詞短語作狀語時可表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨和結果等，也可以改為相應 的從句或并列句。Given good h

39、ealth, I hope to finish the work this year.fIf I am given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.如果身體健康，我希望今年完成這項工作。注意：在 when, while, if, as if, though, as, until , once, whether, unless, where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語和be動詞，形成分詞短語。When treated with kindness , he was very lovely.當友好地對待他時，他很可愛

40、。（2）部分過去分詞來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表示被動關系，其前不用beingo這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated（坐著的）,hidden（躲著）,stationed（駐扎）,lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），born in（出身于）,dressed in（穿著）,tired of（厭煩了 ）, faced with（面對）以及表示使某人處于 某狀態(tài)的動詞。如：interested, surprised, satisfied, moved 等。CD Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.專心于讀書，他沒

41、注意到我進入房間。Faced with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.面對海水不斷上漲(的情況)，有些位于太平洋的國家正考慮未來遷移。注意：1以上這些類的過去分詞，從漢語理解方面，邏輯主語與該動詞之間為主動關 系，但應使用過去分詞。此類詞后往往緊跟一個介詞，故在不能理解其用法時，若空格后緊跟一個介詞，且填非謂語動詞，則可填過去分詞。2選擇分詞作狀語時，主要分辨該動詞與句子主語之間的關系：如果邏輯上是主動關 系則用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果邏輯

42、上是被動關系，則用過去分詞，兼顧注意動作的先后關系。區(qū)別下面句子：Seen from the top of the hill , the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個公園顯得更加美麗。“see”與主語“the park”之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系Seeing from the top of the hill , we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個公園顯得更加美麗。“see與主語“we”之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系4獨立主格結構作狀語如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，須在分詞前面加上

43、它自己的主語，這種結構叫獨立主格結構，其作用相當于狀語從句；有時也用with復合結構(with +賓語+賓語補足語)作狀語。(1)名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say.女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。(2)名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the qual

44、ity has been improved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。(3)名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help .借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。典例 8 2016 湖南郴州質(zhì)檢(compare) with conducting an interview by QQ online, a face-to-face interview in person can provide people with more

45、 reliable details.解析Compared根據(jù)句子結構可知，考查非謂語作狀語，邏輯主語，a face-to-face interview”與compare”之間為被動關系，故填過去分詞。該題用漢語理解會給考生錯覺：“與相比”翻譯出來為主動，但英語要用過去分詞。竅門：空格后有介詞，可在不懂語法的情況下，填寫過去分詞。典仞ij 9 2016 四川南充二診We all believe that the project, if (carry)out according to plan ， will definitely work out well.解析carried考查“連詞+非謂語”作

46、狀語結構，其中Carry”與the project”為被動關系，故填carried 。典仞ij 10 2016 北京西城區(qū)一模A new learning center has been built in the school, (allow) students to get to know the world more easily.解析 allowing 根據(jù)句子結構，可知考查非謂語作狀語。“allow ”與句子主語之間為主動關系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞。典仞ij 11 2016 重慶巴蜀中學模擬一 James Smith and his girlfriend went to Chenyi Squa

47、re to celebrate the New Year, never (return) 解析 to return 考查不定式作結果狀語。從句意中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，此處表示意想不到的結果?？键c四 非謂語動詞作主語、賓語和表語1 動詞不定式和動詞-ing 形式作主語不定式表示某一具體的， 尤其是未發(fā)生的動作； 動詞 -ing 形式表示抽象的、 泛指的動作，尤其是一般行為傾向。 兩者可位于句首， 也可用 it 作形式主語， 而把不定式或動詞 -ing 形式 置于后面，動名詞用it作形式主語代替時，常用于 it is no use/good doing sth.結構中 Its not easy to lea

48、rn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary.學好英語不容易，廣泛閱讀是有必要的。 It is no good learning without practice.只學習不實踐沒有好處。 Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.對數(shù)字進行定期更新很重要。2 動詞不定式和動詞-ing 形式可用作賓語(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, preten

49、d, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等動詞后要接不定式作賓語。The Smiths decided to devote all they had to setting up some hospitals for poor people.史密斯夫婦決定傾其所有為窮人建一些醫(yī)院。(2)come, get, grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地”。She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.她脾氣很急，但你會漸漸喜歡她的。(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay,

50、dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等動詞后要接動詞 -ing 形式作賓語。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比爾建議開一個關于假期期間為世博會做些什么的會議。(4)cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put

51、off, devote.to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), have fun 等短語后要接動詞 -ing 形式作賓語。I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那個餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。(5)動詞like, love, prefer, hate, continue 等后接不定式或動詞

52、-ing形式作賓語均可。但表 示經(jīng)常性的動作要用動詞-ing形式，表示具體的行為要用不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)動詞need, require, want作“需要”講時，其后要用動詞-ing形式的主動語態(tài)或不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語。與此相同用法的動詞還有deserve “值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned .窗戶需要擦了。(7)形容詞worth后要接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，它不同于 worthy的用 法

53、。worth visiting .The Summer Palace is worthy of being visited .worthy to be visited .頤和園值得一去。(8)介詞后一般要接動詞-ing形式作賓語。但介詞 but/except后接不定式作賓語時，如前 面有實義動詞do,不定式就要省略to。 Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.剛到機場，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。 He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.無事可做，他只能躺下睡覺。(9

54、)動詞如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make 等后可接不定式作賓語，但賓語后要 接形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語，而且要用 it作形式賓語。He found it difficult to work out the problem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這一問題很難。(10)可用動詞-ing,也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞：例詞后接動名詞后接小定式remember/ forget/ regretremember/forget/regret doing動作已發(fā)生I remember meeting him. 我記得見過他。I forget writing

55、to her. 我后了給她寫過信。I regret telling you the bad news.我后悔告訴你這一壞消 息。remember/forget/regret to do 動 作未發(fā)生Remember to lock the door. t己 住鎖上門。I forgot to write to her.我后 J 給她寫信。I regret to tell you that he wont come.= Im sorry to tell you that he wont come.我很遺憾地 告訴你他/、來了。續(xù)表例詞后接動名詞后接小定式trytry doing 試著做Ill try doing the work some other way.我會用另種方式做這份工作。try to do努力做I must try to finish the work in an hour. 我 必須在一小時內(nèi)盡力完成這份工作。stopstop doing停止所干的事After dark they stopped working. 天黑后, 他們停止了工作。stop to do停卜來做別的事They stopped to have a rest.他們停 卜來休