1、2019 年 6 月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題及詳細(xì)解析（卷二）Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists （SAG-AFTRA） has declared a strike against 11 video gamepublishers over games that went into production after Feb.

2、17, 2015. The companies include someof the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games,Activision and Disney.The strike comesin light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in

3、 late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set （ 制作中）safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in th

4、e midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don t receive residuals （追加酬金） for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the v

5、oice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“ It s a very small number of gamesthat would trigger this secondary compensation issue, ” said voice ac

6、tor Crispin Freeman ， who s amember of the union s negotiating committee. “ This is an important aspect of what it means to be a （ 從事自由職業(yè)的）performer, who isn t regularlyemployed every single day working on projects. ”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “ I can t i

7、magine if there s any other acting job in the world where you don t know what show you re in, when you re hired ， says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“ And yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farleytold reporters during a press conference F

8、riday. “ I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that gamethroughout the year and a half. ”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video gamecompanies, says voice actors “ represent less than one tenth of 1 perc

9、ent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “ even though they re the top craftsmen in their field, ” Witlin says, “ if we pay them under a vastlydifferent system than the people who do the percent of the work, that s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.” 全文翻譯及

10、命題分析美國電視和廣播藝術(shù)家聯(lián)合會(huì)(saga-aftra) 周五宣布，就 2015 年 2 月 17 日之后投產(chǎn)的游戲?qū)?duì)11 家電子游戲發(fā)行公司舉行罷工。這些公司包括業(yè)界的一些重量級(jí)公司，如電子藝界制作公司、失眠癥游戲公司、動(dòng)視暴雪和迪士尼。此次罷工發(fā)生之前，雙方進(jìn)行了長達(dá)19 個(gè)月的談判，但未能成功達(dá)成共識(shí)?，F(xiàn)有勞動(dòng)合同互動(dòng)媒體協(xié)議已于2014 年底到期?？偟膩碚f，此次罷工是為了獲得更多的次級(jí)補(bǔ)償以及其他工人擔(dān)心問題的回答，如在招聘人才和制作中的安全措施透明度。電子游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)近年來發(fā)展迅速。洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)報(bào)道稱，該行業(yè)正處于現(xiàn)金流大幅增長時(shí)期。2015年，游戲行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了235億美元的國內(nèi)財(cái)政收入

11、。然而，聯(lián)合會(huì)表示，配音演員并沒有因?yàn)樗麄兊挠螒蚬ぷ鞫@得追加酬金。相反，他們的薪酬是固定的，即一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的四小時(shí)配音時(shí)長薪酬通常約為825美元。因此，配音演員們正在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)次級(jí)補(bǔ)償?shù)南敕ó?dāng)一款游戲賣出200萬份拷貝、獲得 200 萬下載量或達(dá)到200 萬訂閱者時(shí)，工人就會(huì)獲得一筆績效獎(jiǎng)金，上限為800 萬?！爸挥袠O少數(shù)量的游戲?qū)⒁l(fā)次級(jí)補(bǔ)償問題 , ”工會(huì)談判委員會(huì)成員、配音演員克里斯賓弗里曼說：“這對(duì)不是每天都有活干的演員來說非常重要?！毖輪T們的另一個(gè)主要抱怨是這個(gè)行業(yè)缺乏透明度。談判委員會(huì)主席、配音演員齊澤法利說：“我不能想象世上還有別的表演工作當(dāng)你被雇傭時(shí)還不知道你在哪里?！薄斑@樣的事情

12、在電子游戲界每天都在發(fā)生?！狈ɡ谥芪宓男侣劙l(fā)布會(huì)上對(duì)記者說: “我在異塵馀生4中為主角凱洛格配音，然而在那一年半的時(shí)間里我一直都不知道那款游戲的名字?！庇螒蚬镜拇砺蓭熕箍铺赝亓终f，配音演員“在電子游戲的制作人數(shù)中占比不到%”。因此，“即使他們是各自領(lǐng)域的頂尖藝人，”威特林說，“如果我們給他們的薪酬體系與那些%的工作人員截然不同，這將給電子游戲公司帶來更多的問題?！?【命題分析】本篇閱讀理解從題型來看，以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，以推理判斷題為輔。除了 49 題為推理判斷題，其它四題均為對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考察?！緝?nèi)容概要】本文描述了電子游戲配音演員這一特殊群體以及他們要求獲得次級(jí)補(bǔ)償來提高薪資待遇的訴求。由于舊

13、勞工合同已經(jīng)過期，而新合同又長時(shí)間協(xié)商未果，美國電視和廣播藝術(shù)家聯(lián)合會(huì)決定向11 家游戲發(fā)行公司發(fā)起罷工。配音演員工作不穩(wěn)定，而他們的薪資是按時(shí)收費(fèi)，無法獲得追加酬金，所以他們想通過罷工來獲得次級(jí)補(bǔ)償。然而， 他們的訴求很難得到滿足，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谟螒蛑谱魅藛T中占比極低，給他們特殊薪資待遇會(huì)給電子游戲公司帶來更多問題?！驹囶}詳解】did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A)The labor contract between them had been violated.B)Its appeal to re

14、negotiate the contract had been rejected.C)It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D）The negotiations between them had broken down.【題干譯文】為何美國電視和廣播藝術(shù)家聯(lián)合會(huì)（ SAG-AFTRA宣布對(duì)一些電子 游戲發(fā)行公司發(fā)起罷工？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A）他們之間的勞動(dòng)合同被違反了。 B）其重新談判合同的要求遭到拒 絕。C）在長達(dá)19個(gè)月的談判中，該協(xié)會(huì)一再被騙。D）他們之間的談判破裂了?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ繉㈩}干中“ SAG-AFTRA與“vi

15、deo gamepublishers ”作為向?qū)г~， 結(jié)合順序法定位，可以找到本題對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)在文章開頭第一、二自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘荄o根據(jù)第二自然段首句“ The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations. ” 可以了解至U:此次罷工發(fā)生 之前，雙方進(jìn)行了長達(dá)19個(gè)月的談判，但未能成功達(dá)成共識(shí)，即談判破裂。 D 選項(xiàng)中 “broken down” 與閱讀點(diǎn)中 “ unsuccessful ” 對(duì)應(yīng)?！靖蓴_分析】勞工合同到期，非 A選項(xiàng)中“被違反”；B選項(xiàng)中“重新談判的要 求遭到拒絕”與"

16、;19 months of negotiations ”不符；文中也沒有C選項(xiàng)中“had been cheated repeatedly ” 的證據(jù)。do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A）It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B）It has become more open and transparent.C）It has attracted many famous voice actors.D）It has invested a lot in its do

17、mestic market.【題干譯文】從這篇文章中我們可以了解到關(guān)于電子游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)的什么信息？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A）近年來，它獲得了巨大的利潤。B）它變得更加開放和透明。C）它吸引了許多著名的配音演員。D）它在國內(nèi)市場投入了大量資金。【定位信息】將題干中“ video gaming industry”作為向?qū)г~，可以找到本題對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)在文章第三自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘茿o根據(jù)第三自然我們可以了解到：電子游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)近年來發(fā) 展迅速，該行業(yè)正處于現(xiàn)金流大幅增長時(shí)期，于2015年創(chuàng)造了巨額國內(nèi)財(cái)政收入。尤其是最后一句中 “ produced $ billion in domestic revenue ”

18、 與 A選項(xiàng)“reaped huge profits ” 對(duì)應(yīng)?！靖蓴_分析】B選項(xiàng)中“transparent ”明顯與后文“the secrecy of the industry ” 相矛盾； C選項(xiàng)中 "attracted many famous voice actors ” 在文中缺乏證據(jù)支 持；D選項(xiàng)有一定的迷惑度，其中 “ invested a lot in its domestic market ” 與原文 "produced $ billion in domestic revenue ” 有定的相關(guān)度， 但個(gè) 講的是投資，另一個(gè)講的是收入，不是一碼事。are t

19、he voice actors demanding?A）More regular employment.B）A non-discriminatory contract.C）Extra pay based on sales revenues.D）A limit on the maximum work hours.【題干譯文】配音演員的要求是什么？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A）更多的就業(yè)。B）非歧視性的合同。C）以銷售收入為基礎(chǔ)的額外工 資。D）對(duì)最長工作時(shí)間的限制?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ勘绢}用向?qū)г~定位法不能湊效，可以結(jié)合順序法定位，找到本題對(duì) 應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)為第四自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘?Co根據(jù)第四自然最后一句話“

20、So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation.” 我們可以了解至U: 配音演員薪酬是固定的，沒有追加酬金，所以配音演員們正在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)次級(jí)補(bǔ)償?shù)?想法。根據(jù)后文對(duì)次級(jí)補(bǔ)償?shù)慕忉?，它是一種基于銷售收入的額外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?！靖蓴_分析】顯然，配音演員的主要訴求是獲得次級(jí)補(bǔ)償，提高收入。雖然文中 提到配音演員并不總是有活干以及他們的工作時(shí)長，但A、C選項(xiàng)并非他們的主要訴求；原文中沒有說原合同具有歧視性，所以B選項(xiàng)缺乏證據(jù)支持。does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A)Th

21、ey are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B)They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C)They are not paid on a regular basis.D)They are not employed full-time.【題干譯文】法利對(duì)配音演員有什么看法？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A)他們對(duì)自己工作的許多細(xì)節(jié)一無所知。B)他們?cè)谟螒蛐袠I(yè)受到歧 視。C)他們沒有固定的工資。D)他們沒有全職工作?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ勘绢}用“ Keythe Farley ”作為向?qū)г~，定

22、位到第六、七自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘茿o這兩個(gè)自然段引用了立科的話。從他的話里行問我們可 以了解到：配音演員們的另一個(gè)主要抱怨是這個(gè)行業(yè)缺乏透明度。以立科本人的經(jīng)歷為例，他為一款游戲配音長達(dá)一年半，卻一直不知道該游戲的名稱。因此， 他們對(duì)自己工作的許多細(xì)節(jié)一無所知。【干擾分析】本題雖是推理判斷題，但直接用人名定位，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)相對(duì) 容易，其它三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較小。is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A)Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B)

23、Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C)Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D)Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.【題干譯文】斯科特威特林律師的觀點(diǎn)是什么？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A)配音演員如果被證明是頂尖的工匠， 就應(yīng)該加薪。B)改變薪酬體 系會(huì)給這個(gè)行業(yè)帶來更多的問題。C)配音演員只是工匠，不是專業(yè)演員。D)按小 時(shí)給配音演員付費(fèi)是符合

24、法律的?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ勘绢}用“ Scott Witlin ”作為向?qū)г~，結(jié)合順序法，定位到最后一 個(gè)自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘荁o結(jié)合最后一自然段威特林所說的，配音演員“在游戲制 作人員中占比僅為% ,如果他們的薪酬體系與其他絕大部分工作人員截然不同，“這將給電子游戲公司帶來更多的問題”。【干擾分析】威特林是電子游戲發(fā)行公司的代理律師，他是反對(duì)給配音演員特殊薪資待遇的，A明顯不對(duì)?！皌op craftsmen ”在文中有提及，但威特林并沒有 否認(rèn)配音演員是專業(yè)演員，也沒有提及按小時(shí)給配音演員付費(fèi)是否符合法律，所 以G D也排除。Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are

25、based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellitesthatcompanies andgovernments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate （緩解） the effec

26、tsof space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerceto take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellitesdon t use radio frequencies that wouldinterfere with existing satellites, and

27、schedule whensuch new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more c

28、rowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. Oneimpetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations （ 星座） comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around

29、our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it s not like this hasn t happened before. In 2009

30、an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to sa

31、tellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current . Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecr

32、aft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris.It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mmthat might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seemsurprising to thi

33、nk about an item staying in space for that long， but the oldestsatellite still in orbit Vanguard 1 turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the . gove

34、rnment is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.全文翻譯及命題分析白宮官員宣布了一項(xiàng)新的太空政策，重點(diǎn)管理各公司和政府向太空發(fā)射的越來越多的衛(wèi)星。 “第 3 號(hào)航天政策指令”為美國緩解空間碎片影響以及對(duì)空間交通跟蹤和管理制定了一般準(zhǔn)則。這項(xiàng)政策為商務(wù)部接管空間交通管理奠定了基礎(chǔ)。商務(wù)部將確保新發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星不會(huì)使用干擾現(xiàn)有衛(wèi)星的無線電頻率，并計(jì)劃新衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射時(shí)間。該政策只適用于美國的航天活動(dòng)，但它讓世界各地正在興起的商業(yè)航天工業(yè)建立一套規(guī)范看到了希望。隨著

35、越來越多的政府和公司發(fā)射衛(wèi)星，太空，尤其是地球周圍的近地空間，變得越來越擁擠。該政策的一個(gè)推動(dòng)因素是，各公司已經(jīng)開始搭建由數(shù)百或數(shù)千顆衛(wèi)星組成的大型星座，而衛(wèi)星有許多移動(dòng)部件。太空中有這么多東西，而地球周圍的區(qū)域又有限，所以政府想要減少碰撞的機(jī)會(huì)。兩顆或兩顆以上的衛(wèi)星相撞可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多失控的碎片，對(duì)太空中不斷增加的衛(wèi)星群構(gòu)成更大的威脅。這在以前并非沒有發(fā)生過。2009 年， 一艘老舊的俄羅斯飛船撞上了一顆通訊衛(wèi)星，形成了由數(shù)百塊碎片組成的云團(tuán)，給其他衛(wèi)星帶來了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。記者薩拉斯科爾斯報(bào)道稱，美國宇航局目前在太空中跟蹤約萬個(gè)物體，2016年，美國空軍不得不向衛(wèi)星擁有者發(fā)出3995874個(gè)警告， 提

36、醒他們附近可能有來自另一顆衛(wèi)星或碎片的威脅。這就是為什么新政策還包括對(duì)當(dāng)前美國政府軌道碎片減緩標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法進(jìn)行修訂的原因?，F(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法已經(jīng)要求任何發(fā)射衛(wèi)星或航天器的實(shí)體，都要認(rèn)真分析他們的由于意外故障或正常操作行為可能產(chǎn)生更多太空碎片的可能性。這包括說明他們計(jì)劃釋放的任何超過5 毫米的碎片，這些碎片可能在軌道上停留25 年或更長時(shí)間。設(shè)想一個(gè)物體在太空呆那么久似乎令人驚訝, 但最古老的在軌衛(wèi)星先鋒 1 號(hào)在 2018 年已年滿60 歲。世界各地的機(jī)構(gòu)和公司都在致力于開發(fā)一種技術(shù)，可以在太空碎片造成嚴(yán)重破壞之前對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理或捕獲。但就目前而言，美國政府更關(guān)注的是防止新的碎片形成，而不是將垃圾清除出軌

37、道?！久}分析】本篇閱讀理解5 題均為對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考察，定位明確，難度適中?！緝?nèi)容概要】本文介紹了美國一項(xiàng)新的太空政策“第 3 號(hào)航天政策指令”。隨著太空中的人造地球衛(wèi)星數(shù)量越來越多，它們釋放的碎片也越來越多，近地太空變得越來越擁擠。衛(wèi)星有相撞的危險(xiǎn)，而太空碎片也會(huì)對(duì)衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成威脅。在這一背景下，美國政府出臺(tái)了這一新的太空政策。【試題詳解】is the purpose of the new . space policy?A)To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B)To encourage companies to join in s

38、pace programs.C)To make the best use of satellites in space.D)To improve traffic conditions in space.【題干譯文】美國新太空政策的目的是什么？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A)制定空間探索的一般指導(dǎo)方針。B)鼓勵(lì)各公司參與太空計(jì)劃。C) 充分利用在軌衛(wèi)星。D)改善太空交通環(huán)境?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ繉㈩}干中“new . space policy ”作為向?qū)г~，結(jié)合順序法，定位到本文章開頭第一自然段。【答案詳解】答案是A。 根據(jù)第一自然段第二句“ Space Policy Directive-3lays out genera

39、l guidelines for the United States to mitigate the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space ”，我們可以了解到： “第 3 號(hào)航天政策指令”為美國緩解空間碎片影響以及對(duì)空間交通跟蹤和管理制定了一般準(zhǔn)則，與 A選項(xiàng)吻合?！靖蓴_分析】本題定位明確，B、C選項(xiàng)較容易排除。D選項(xiàng)具有一定的迷惑性，結(jié)合新太空政策的具體內(nèi)容，該政策更關(guān)注的是防止新的碎片形成，而不是將垃圾碎片清除出軌道，所以可以排除D。is the Department of Commerce expect

40、ed to do under the new policy? A)Reduce debris in space.B)Monitor satellite operations.C)Regulate the launching of new satellites.D)Update satellite communications technology.【題干譯文】商務(wù)部在新政策下預(yù)期會(huì)做什么？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A)減少空間碎片。B)監(jiān)視衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行。C)規(guī)范新衛(wèi)星發(fā)射。D)升級(jí)衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)?！径ㄎ恍畔ⅰ繉㈩}干中“ Department of Commerce作為向?qū)г~，可以定位到文 章第二自然段?！敬鸢冈斀?/p>

41、】答案是C。 根據(jù)第二自然段第二句“ The department will makesurethat newly launched satellites don t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule whensuch new satellites can be launched ”，意思是：商務(wù)部將確保新發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星不會(huì)使用干擾現(xiàn)有衛(wèi)星的無線電頻率，并計(jì)劃新衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射時(shí)間。簡而言之，商務(wù)部在新政策下主要規(guī)范新衛(wèi)星發(fā)射?！靖蓴_分析】本題定位明確，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)，答案

42、也就有了。A選項(xiàng)與美國對(duì)待碎片重在預(yù)防而非對(duì)其進(jìn)行捕獲的態(tài)度不符。下文有提到美國對(duì)眾多近地空間物體進(jìn)行監(jiān)視追蹤，但其對(duì)象主要是碎片，以防碎片撞擊衛(wèi)星，所以 B 選項(xiàng)也可以排除。D選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到，干擾性較小。does the . government hope to do with the new space policy?A)Set international standards for the space flight industry.B)TMonopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C)Facilitate comme

43、rcial space flights throughout the world. D)Promote international collaboration in space exploration.【題干譯文】商務(wù)部在新政策下預(yù)期會(huì)做什么？【選項(xiàng)譯文】A)減少空間碎片。B)監(jiān)視衛(wèi)星運(yùn)行。C)規(guī)范新衛(wèi)星發(fā)射。D)升級(jí)衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)。【定位信息】將題干中“ Department of Commerce作為向?qū)г~，可以定位到文 章第二自然段?！敬鸢冈斀狻看鸢甘荂。 根據(jù)第二自然段第二句“ The department will makesurethat newly launched satelli

44、tes don t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule whensuch new satellites can be launched ”，意思是：商務(wù)部將確保新發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星不會(huì)使用干擾現(xiàn)有衛(wèi)星的無線電頻率，并計(jì)劃新衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射時(shí)間。簡而言之，商務(wù)部在新政策下主要規(guī)范新衛(wèi)星發(fā)射?！靖蓴_分析】本題定位明確，找到對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)，答案也就有了。A選項(xiàng)與美國對(duì)待碎片重在預(yù)防而非對(duì)其進(jìn)行捕獲的態(tài)度不符。下文有提到美國對(duì)眾多近地空間物體進(jìn)行監(jiān)視追蹤，但其對(duì)象主要是碎片，以防碎片撞擊衛(wèi)星，所以 B 選項(xiàng)也可以排除。D選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到，干擾性較小。is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to thecurrent . Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A)Give an estimate of how long its debr