1、學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試精讀薈萃100篇精品文檔大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試精讀薈萃100篇(44):露天演出的服裝Pageantsareusuallyconceivedonafairlylargescale,oftenundertheauspicesofsomelocalorcivicauthorityoratanyrateinconnectionwithlocalgroupsofsomekind.Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproduction,thoughunfortuna

2、telythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuchingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed.Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistoricimportance,orthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy.Researchamo

3、ngarchivesandbooksinthepubliclibrarywillprobablyproveveryusefulandproducesomeworkableideaswhichwillgivetheproductionanespeciallylocalflavour.Fromthefirsteconomywillhavetobepracticedbecausethereareusuallyagreatnumberofpeopletodress.Leadingcharacterscanbeconsideredindividuallyinthesamewayaswhendesigni

4、ngforaplay;butthemainbodyoftheperformerswillneedtobeplannedingroupsandthemassedeffectmustbealwaysborneinmind.Manypageantstakeplaceindaylightintheopenair.Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting;foronething,scenesviewedinthedaylightaresubje

5、cttomanymoredistractions.Nolongeriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarkness,butinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers.Verytheatricallyconceivedclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftrees,verdantlawnsandoldivy-coveredwalls;thesame

6、goesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.Thelocationneedstobestudiedandthenadecisioncanbemadeastowhatkindsofcolorsandtextureswillharmonizebestwiththesurroundingsandconditionsandthentocarrythisoutasfaraspossibleonthefundsavailable.Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrec

7、oursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitems,itisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion.Whenthereislittleornomoneyatall,thegarmentsneedtobereducedtothebasicnecessities.Cloaksandshawlsbecomeinva

8、luable,sheetsandlargebathtowelsandbathsheetsareadmirablefordraping.Unwantedcurtainsandbedspreadscanbecuttomaketunics,robesandskirts.Theseareparticularlyvaluableiftheyareofheavyfabricssuchasvelvetorchenille.Colorsshouldbemassedtogethersothattherearecontrastinggroupsofdarkandlight,thiswillbefoundtohel

9、pthevisualresultsubstantially.Crowdsofpeoplegatheredtogetherinajumbleofcolorswillbegroundtolookquitepurposelessandwilllackdramaticimpact.Theuseofnumbersofidenticalhead-dresses,howeversimplymade,arealwayseffectivewhenworkingwithgroups.Ifthesearemadeofcardboardandpaintedboldlythecostcanbealmostnegligi

10、ble.Helmets,hatsandplumeswillallmakequiteashowevenifthecostumesareonlyblandestorsheetscleverlydraped.Thesamecanbesaidoftheuseofbanners,shieldsandpoleswithstiffpennantsandgarlandsanythingwhichwillhelptohaveaunifyingeffect.Anykindofeye-catchingdevicewillalwaysgowithaflourishandaddexcitementtothescenes

11、.1. ThemainideaofthispassageisA.Pageants.B.Costumesonthestage.C.Costumesforpageants.D.Howtoarrangeapageant.2. ItcanbeinferredthatthemostimportantfactorincostumedesignisA.money.B.color.C.harmonyD.texture3. Whywillmuchingenuityhavetoberequiredincostumedesign?A .Becausepageantstakeplaceindaylightintheo

12、penair.B .Becausedifferentcharactersrequiredifferentcostumes.C .Becausethecolorsandtexturesmustbeinharmonywiththesetting.D.Becauseanallocationofthefundsavailableisusuallyrathersmall.4. Whydomostpageantshaveahistoricalflavour?A .Becausemostpageantstakeplaceforcelebration.B .Manypageantstakeplaceforam

13、usement.C .Alotofpageantstakeplaceforreligion.D .Becausepageantsusuallytakeplaceforcompetition.Vocabulary1. conceive設(shè)想,想象tobeconceived設(shè)想好的，構(gòu)思好的2. undertheauspicesof在的主辦下3. meager貧乏的，不足的4. mount登上，制作，上演5. flavour風(fēng)味,風(fēng)格，情趣6. archive(s)檔案(館)7. distraction使人分心的事8. ivy常春藤9. mellow柔和的10. recourse（to）依賴，求助于

14、11. drape覆蓋，披上12. invaluable無價(jià)的，非常貴重的13. tunic（古時(shí)）長達(dá)膝蓋的外衣，穿在盔甲上的戰(zhàn)袍14. chenille純絨絨（織品）15. jumble混亂，搞亂16. pennant細(xì)長三角旗17. garland花環(huán)，花冠難句譯注1. Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproduction,thoughunfortunatelythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuch

15、ingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。That是主句的賓語從句，從句后再有從句。參考譯文這種情況，有時(shí)就表示有一個(gè)可用于演出目的資金配額。遺憾的是配額一般都少而不足，就得動(dòng)用非常之才能細(xì)細(xì)的使用金額，使所有的演員都能穿上合適的戲裝。2. Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistori

16、cimportance,orthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析主從句參考譯文大多數(shù)露天演出都帶有歷史情調(diào)，因?yàn)檫@些戲一般是通過慶祝某個(gè)重大的歷史事件，或慶祝當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€(gè)值得紀(jì)念的人誕辰或逝世周年而產(chǎn)生的。3. Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting;foronething,scenesviewedinthedaylightaresubjecttomanymoredistractions.Nolong

17、eriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarkness,butinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：主句thisis后有定語從句，which修飾costumes。從句中又套從句。參考譯文這和人為燈光下看的設(shè)計(jì)服裝完全不一樣。首先，白天看到幕景易于受許多因素影響，不再能用一片漆黑的環(huán)境把周圍的一切隔開，而是相反，演員后和觀眾中有點(diǎn)紛亂的動(dòng)作，很容易看到。4. Verytheatricallyconceive

18、dclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftrees,verdantlawnsandoldivy-coveredwalls;thesamegoesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析并列句，中用分號(hào)隔開。第一句中有whenseen連詞+過去分詞，實(shí)質(zhì)起從句作用。第二句是主從句。參考譯文設(shè)計(jì)出的非常具有戲劇性效果的服裝，在光天化日，有樹木，有綠茵茵的草地，又有爬滿常春藤的古老圍墻的背景下，經(jīng)?？雌饋硎遣黄鹧郏涸谔没实淖≌闹芤黄?/p>

19、色調(diào)前，所穿的服裝效果同樣不太好。5. Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrecoursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitems,itisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion.結(jié)構(gòu)簡析條件句，主句為邏輯主句，注意中間兩個(gè)被動(dòng)不定式。Tobedoneb

20、y,thantobegivenout,這里的than起連詞作用。參考譯文如果有錢可以為演員著裝而不用求助自己供應(yīng)種種物件，那么最好把所有的戲裝的裁減和縫制交給一，兩個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)人去干，而不是讓群體演員和單個(gè)演員去完成。寫作方法與文章大意文章論述露天演出的服裝問題，由于露天演出不同于室內(nèi)，劇院內(nèi)演出，要從各個(gè)方面考慮服裝問題，才能獲得應(yīng)有的舞臺(tái)效果。作者從資金多少，地方色彩，露天，白天，顏色搭配等方面來論述服裝。寫法多種，有因果，對比，舉例等。答案詳解1. C.露天演出的服裝。第一段末尾已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明，工股認(rèn)為露天演出規(guī)模宏大，常常是由某個(gè)地方或當(dāng)局（民政局主辦贊助），或總是和某個(gè)地方集團(tuán)有關(guān)。這意味著有

21、用于演出目的資金配額，遺憾的是配額一般很少，必須動(dòng)用非常的才能，細(xì)細(xì)的使用資金，所有演員才能窗上恰當(dāng)?shù)姆b?！逼渌鞫胃饔兄攸c(diǎn)，但都是服務(wù)于劇裝這一中心。A.露天演出。B.舞臺(tái)劇裝（包括劇場）。D.如何安排露天演出；涉及面或大或小，不適合。2. C.和諧。服裝設(shè)計(jì)中最重要的因素是和諧。這一點(diǎn)在幾段中都提到，第二段最后一句演員的主題必須以群體設(shè)計(jì)，頭腦中必須經(jīng)常記住群體效果?！钡谌巫詈笠痪浔仨氀芯垦莩龅牡乩砦恢茫瑳Q出什么樣的顏色和織物，能和環(huán)境，條件，達(dá)到最完美和諧?！钡谖宥螌Ｖv顏色搭配，應(yīng)當(dāng)從總體考慮顏色，這樣才有亮和暗的群體對比，幫助產(chǎn)生實(shí)感的視覺效果，一群穿著雜七雜八顏色服裝的演員聚集在

22、一起看起來亂哄哄。缺乏戲劇效果。”這也是和諧之要求。A.錢。錢要考慮。出前兩段外，第三段最后一句，講完和諧后，也提到盡可能以能到手的資金加以實(shí)現(xiàn)這決定?！钡谒亩沃性阱X很少或是沒有錢的情況下，服裝得降到基本需要”，下面就講利用被單，浴巾，窗簾做服裝，所以錢在服裝設(shè)計(jì)中很重要，但不能列為最重要因素，有錢沒有錢都得以服裝協(xié)調(diào)為主。B.顏色。D.織品。同樣都的服從和諧這一前提。3. D.因?yàn)槟艿玫劫Y金的配額都很少。第一段最后一句話，見第一題譯注。A.因?yàn)樵诠馓旎障卵莩?。B.因?yàn)椴煌輪T要求不同服裝。C.顏色和織物必須和布景諧調(diào)。這些只是考慮的因素。見上面譯文。4. A.因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)露天演出都是為紀(jì)念慶

23、祝。第二段第一句露天演出一般都是某個(gè)具有歷史意義事件，或者當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€(gè)值得紀(jì)念的人物的誕辰和逝世周年，所以大多數(shù)露天演出都具有歷史紀(jì)念色彩?！盉許多露天演出是為了娛樂。C.許多露天演出是為了宗教。D.因?yàn)槁短煅莩鲆话闶菂⑴c競賽。三項(xiàng)都不對。大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試精讀薈萃100篇(43):自然界中的保護(hù)色Crypticcoloringisbyfarthecommonestuseofcolorinthestruggleforexistence.Itisemployedforthepurposeofattack(aggressiveresemblanceoranticrypticcoloring)aswell

24、asofdefense(protectiveresemblanceorprocrypticcoloring).Thefactthatthesamemethodconcealment,maybeusedbothforattackanddefensehasbeenwellexplainedbyT.Beltwhosuggestsasanillustrationtherapidityofmovementwhichisalsomadeuseofbybothpursuerandpursued,whichissimilarlyraisedtoamaximuminbothbythegradualdyingou

25、toftheslowestthroughaseriesofgenerations.Crypticcoloringiscommonlyassociatedwithotheraidsinthestruggleforlife.Thuswell-concealedmammalsandbirds,whendiscovered,willgenerallyendeavortoescapebyspeedandwilloftenattempttodefendthemselvesactively.Ontheotherhand,smallanimalswhichhavenomeansofactivedefense,

26、suchaslarge,numbersofinsects,frequentlydependuponconcealmentalone.Protectiveresemblanceisfarcommoneramonganimalsthanaggressiveresemblance,incorrespondencewiththefactthatpredaceousformsareasarulemuchlargerandmuchlessnumerousthantheirprey.InthecaseofinsectivorousVertebrataandtheirpreysuchdifferencesex

27、istinanexaggeratedform.Crypticcoloring,whetherusedfordefenseofattack,maybeeithergeneralorspecial.Ingeneralresemblancetheanimal,inconsequenceofitscoloring,producesthesameeffectasitsenvironment,buttheconditionsdonotrequireanyspecialadaptationofshapeandoutline.Generalresemblanceisespeciallycommonamongt

28、heanimalinhabitingsomeuniformlycoloredexpanseoftheearth'ssurface,suchasanoceanoradesert.Intheformer,animalsofallshapesarefrequentlyprotectedbytheirtransparentbluecolor,onthelatter,equallydiverseformsaredefendedbytheirsandyappearance.Theeffectofauniformappearancemaybeproducedbyacombinationoftints

29、instartlingcontrast.Thustheblackandwhitestripesofthezebrablendtogetheratalittledistance,and"theirproportionissuchasexactlytomatchthepaletintwhicharidgroundpossesseswhenseenbymoonlight."Specialresemblanceisfarcommonerthangeneralandistheformwhichisusuallymetwithonthediversifiedsurfaceoftheea

30、rth,ontheshores,andinshallowwater,aswellasonthefloatingmassesofalgaeonthesurfaceoftheocean,suchastheSargassoSea.Intheseenvironmentsthecrypticcoloringofanimalsisusuallyaidedbyspecialmodificationsofshape,andbytheinstinctwhichleadsthemtoassumeparticularattitudes.Completestillnessandtheassumptionofacert

31、ainattitudeplayanessentialpartingeneralresemblanceonland;butinspecialresemblancetheattitudeisoftenhighlyspecialized,andperhapsmoreimportantthananyotherelementinthecomplexmethodbywhichconcealmentiseffected.Inspecialresemblancethecombinationofcoloring,shape,andattitudeissuchastoproduceamoreorlessexact

32、resemblancetosomeoneoftheobjectsintheenvironment,suchasaleafoftwig,apatchoflichen,aflakeofbark.Inallcasestheresemblanceistosomeobjectwhichisofnointeresttotheenemyorpreyrespectively.Theanimalisnothiddenfromviewbybecomingindistinguishablefromitsbackgroundasinthecaseofgeneralresemblance,butitismistaken

33、forsomewell-knowobject.Inseekingtheinterpretationofthesemostinterestingandelaborateadaptations,attemptshavebeenmadealongtwolines.Thefirstseekstoexplaintheeffectasaresultofthedirectinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividual(G.L.L.Buffon),orbytheinheritedeffectsofeffortsandtheuseanddisuseofparts(J.B.P

34、.Lamarck).Thesecondbelievesthatnaturalselectionproducedtheresultandafterwardsmaintaineditbythesurvivalofthebestconcealedineachgeneration.Theformersuggestionbreaksdownwhenthecomplexnatureofnumerousspecialresemblancesisappreciated.Thusthearrangementofcolorsofmanykindsintoanappropriatepatternrequiresth

35、ecooperationofasuitableshapeandtherigidlyexactadoptionofacertainelaborateattitude.Thelatterisinstinctiveandthusdependsonthecentralnervoussystem.Thecrypticeffectisduetotheexactcooperationofallthesefactors;andinthepresentstateofscience,theonlypossibleholeofaninterpretationliesinthetheoryofnaturalselec

36、tion,whichcanaccumulateanyandeveryvariationwhichtendstowardsurvival.Afewofthechieftypesofmethodsbywhichconcealmentiseffectedmaybebrieflydescribed.Thecolorsoflargenumbersofvertebrateanimalsaredarkestonthebackandbecomegraduallylighteronthesides,passingintowhiteonthebelly.AbbotH.Thayerhassuggestedthatt

37、hisgradationobliteratestheappearanceofsolidity,whichisduetoshadow.Thecolorharmony,whichisalsoessentialtoconcealment,isproducedbecausethebackisofthesametintastheenvironment(e.g.earth),bathedinthecoldblue-whiteofthesky,whilethebelly,beingcoldblue-whiteandbathedinshadowandyellowearthreflectionsproduces

38、thesameeffects.Thismethodofneutralizingshadowforthe收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔purposeofconcealmentbyincreasedlightnessoftintwasfirstsuggestedbyE.B.Poultoninthecaseofalarvaandapupa,buthedidnotappreciatethegreatimportanceoftheprinciple.Inananalogousmethodananimalinfrontofabackgroundofdarkshadowmayhaveparto

39、fitsbodyobliteratedbytheexistenceofadarktint,theremainderresembling,e.g.,apartofaleaf.Thismethodofrenderinginvisibleanypartwhichwouldinterferewiththeresemblanceiswellknowinmimicry.1. TheblackandwhitestripesofthezebraaremostusefulformA.hunters.B.nocturnalpredatorsC.lionsandtigers.C.insectivorousVertr

40、brata2. AggressiveresemblanceoccurswhenA .apredaceousattitudeisassumed.B .specialresemblanceisutilized.C .ananimalreliesonspeed.D .ananimalblendsinwithitsbackground.3. SpecialresemblancediffersfromgeneralresemblanceinthattheanimalreliesonA.itsabilitytofrightenitsadversary.B.speed.C.itsabilitytoassum

41、eanattitude.D.mistakenidentify4. ThetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheidesofthispassageisA.CrypticcolorationforProtection.B.HowAnimalsSurvive.C.TheusesofMimicryinNature.D.ResemblancesofAnimals.5. Ofthefollowingwhichistheleastcommon?A.protectiveresemblance.B.Generalresemblance.C.Aggressiveresemblance.D.S

42、pecialresemblance.Vocabulary1. cryptic隱藏的，保護(hù)的crypticcoloring保護(hù)色，隱藏色2. predaceous食肉的，捕食其他動(dòng)物的。3. vertebrate脊椎動(dòng)物門4. tint色澤，色彩5. zebra斑馬6. Sargasso果本馬尾藻7. twig嫩枝9. flake一片10. gradation等級(jí)，層次，分等11. obliterate涂抹，擦去，使消失12. larva幼蟲，幼體13. pupa蛹14. mimicry模仿，擬態(tài)15. insectivorous食蟲的16. procryptic有保護(hù)色的，保護(hù)性的難句譯注1.

43、 therapidityofmovementwhichisalsomadeuseofbybothpursuerandpursued,whichissimilarlyraisedtoamaximuminbothbythegradualdyingoutoftheslowestthroughaseriesofgenerations.參考譯文追捕動(dòng)物和被追的動(dòng)物也利用快速的動(dòng)作。這種快速的運(yùn)動(dòng)同樣是通過幾代更迭，逐漸消除了慢速，而發(fā)展到快速頂峰。2. Protectiveresemblanceisfarcommoneramonganimalsthanaggressiveresemblance,inco

44、rrespondencewiththefactthatpredaceousformsareasarulemuchlargerandmuchlessnumerousthantheirprey.參考譯文保護(hù)性模仿遠(yuǎn)比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多，這是和下述的情況想配合的：食肉的（形式）動(dòng)物，按慣律總是比他們捕食的對象要大而且多得多。3. Theeffectofauniformappearancemaybeproducedbyacombinationoftintsinstartlingcontrast.參考譯文在驚人的對比中，色澤的綜合可能產(chǎn)生外形一致的效果。4. theirproportionissuch

45、asexactlytomatchthepaletintwhicharidgroundpossesseswhenseenbymoonlight.參考譯文（這里指斑馬的黑白條）比例正好和在月光下觀看貧瘠土地所具有的蒼白色澤相吻合。5. Intheseenvironmentsthecrypticcoloringofanimalsisusuallyaidedbyspecialmodificationsofshape,andbytheinstinctwhichleadsthemtoassumeparticularattitudes.參考譯文在這些環(huán)境中，動(dòng)物的保護(hù)色常常得到特定的形狀變化和本能的協(xié)作，這

46、種本能會(huì)使動(dòng)物采取特定的姿勢。6. Completestillnessandtheassumptionofacertainattitudeplayanessentialpartingeneralresemblanceonland;butinspecialresemblancetheattitudeisoftenhighlyspecialized參考譯文絕對靜態(tài)和采取一般姿勢在陸地的一般模仿中起很大作用，而在專門模仿中，姿勢常常是高度專門化的。7. Thusthearrangementofcolorsofmanykindsintoanappropriatepatternrequirestheco

47、operationofasuitableshapeandtherigidlyexactadoptionofacertainelaborateattitude.參考譯文因此許多類顏色排列成恰當(dāng)?shù)哪Ｊ?形式，要求把合適的外形和嚴(yán)格的采用一定的精心設(shè)計(jì)的姿勢相結(jié)合。8. Thecrypticeffectisduetotheexactcooperationofallthesefactors;andinthepresentstateofscience,theonlypossibleholeofaninterpretationliesinthetheoryofnaturalselection,whichc

48、anaccumulateanyandeveryvariationwhichtendstowardsurvival.參考譯文保護(hù)效果是由于所以這些因素確切合作而形成。根據(jù)目前科學(xué)水平，唯一的解釋（此種現(xiàn)象）就是自然選擇理論，它可以累積要生存的各種變異/變種。寫作方法與文章大意文章以一般到具體的協(xié)作和分類方式寫作，第一段點(diǎn)出生物界生存競爭中最常用的一種顏色是保護(hù)色，保護(hù)色可分為兩類：進(jìn)犯（進(jìn)攻）型和防衛(wèi)型。一般是防御性保護(hù)色多于進(jìn)攻型。而兩種類型都可歸納為一般性模仿和專門（特定）模仿。居?。ⅲ┰趩我簧珴傻牡胤降膭?dòng)物，如海洋或沙漠，常采用模仿性保護(hù)色一一如透明的綠色，土色等，而特定摸剛的動(dòng)物則棲

49、息在多樣性的地方，如海岸，淺水，海洋表面等。特定模仿還需要有改變形狀姿勢之協(xié)作，使其看起來像客觀環(huán)境中的某物，某種身份mistakenidentify.第二段涉及有關(guān)模仿性的解釋的探索，結(jié)果為二。一種觀點(diǎn)是環(huán)境直接影響的結(jié)果。第二種是自然選擇的結(jié)果。當(dāng)人們理解了許多特定模仿的復(fù)雜特性時(shí)，第一種解釋就不能成立了。這說明保護(hù)效果是一切因素合適的外形和某種精心設(shè)計(jì)的姿勢等一一合作而成。按現(xiàn)在科學(xué)水平來解釋，只能歸之自然選擇'理論，然后是用具體例子來證實(shí)。答案詳解：1. B.夜間活動(dòng)的食肉動(dòng)物。見難句譯注4,斑馬的黑白相間顏色的比例正好和月光下所見的貧瘠土地的蒼白的色澤相吻合。當(dāng)然能保護(hù)斑馬夜

50、間免遭這些食肉動(dòng)物的襲擊。A.捕獲者。C.獅子和老虎。D.食蟲的脊椎動(dòng)物2. A.在裝成捕食其他動(dòng)物的姿勢時(shí)。B.應(yīng)該專門模仿。C.動(dòng)物依賴速度。D.動(dòng)物和背景混在一起。3. D.搞錯(cuò)/認(rèn)錯(cuò)了動(dòng)物（身份）（mistakenidentify認(rèn)錯(cuò)了人之義）。見第一段最后一句話，它不像一般模仿那樣，通過動(dòng)物和背景難以辨別從而從視覺中隱藏起來，它是被誤認(rèn)為某種著名動(dòng)物。A.用以嚇走它的對手（敵人）的能力。B.速度。C.采用某種姿勢的能力。4. C.自然界模擬的運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章一開始就點(diǎn)命保護(hù)色迄今為止生存斗爭中最常用的一種顏色，常用于進(jìn)攻和防衛(wèi)。保護(hù)色常和其他措施相配合，首先提到速度，見又t句譯注1。然后講

51、到保護(hù)色分類，一般（普通）和特殊（專門）模擬/模仿。第二段解釋或說明模擬適應(yīng)性。第一種解釋為環(huán)境使然/影響。第二種認(rèn)為是自然界選擇之結(jié)果。A.為了保衛(wèi)的保護(hù)色。B.動(dòng)物是如何存活下來。D.動(dòng)物之模仿性。5. C.進(jìn)攻性(侵犯性)模仿。見又t句譯注2。A.保護(hù)色模仿。B.一般性模仿。D.專項(xiàng)模仿。大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試精讀薈萃100篇(42):宗教與理性Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionof

52、religionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemay

53、cometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwith

54、newmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.And

55、yetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,forthese

56、approachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritm

57、aycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefutu

58、re;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortal川s,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantid