1、l英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況Major English-Speaking Countries： A Survey主講教師：朱桂花 l課時(shí)：32課時(shí)l授課方式：多媒體教學(xué)l考核方式：考試l成績(jī)構(gòu)成：期末考試 70% 平時(shí)成績(jī) 30%（出勤率、課堂 表現(xiàn)、課后作業(yè)）Part 1: The United KingdomWhen we mention the UK, What impresses you most?National flag The Union Flag or the Union JacklThe Union Flag or the Union Jack 英國(guó)國(guó)旗：俗稱“米字旗”，綜合了原英格蘭（白

2、地紅色正十字旗）、蘇格蘭（藍(lán)地白色交叉十字旗）和愛爾蘭（白地紅色交叉十字旗）的旗幟標(biāo)志?，F(xiàn)國(guó)旗的白邊紅色正十字代表英格蘭守護(hù)神圣喬治，白色交叉十字代表蘇格蘭守護(hù)神圣安德魯，紅色交叉十字代表愛爾蘭守護(hù)神圣帕特里克。Jack是海軍用語(yǔ)，指懸掛在艦首的旗幟。 National anthem- God Save the Queen (God Save the King)God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble QueenGod save the QueenSend her victoriousHappy and gloriousLong to r

3、eign over us: God save the Queen. Thy choicest gifts in store On her be pleased to pour Long may she reign May she defend our laws And give us ever cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen上帝保佑女王，上帝保佑女王，祝她萬(wàn)壽無(wú)疆，祝她萬(wàn)壽無(wú)疆，神佑女王神佑女王常勝利，沐榮光；常勝利，沐榮光；孚民望，心歡暢；孚民望，心歡暢；治國(guó)家，王運(yùn)長(zhǎng)；治國(guó)家，王運(yùn)長(zhǎng)；神佑女王！神佑女王！ 揚(yáng)神威，

4、張?zhí)炀W(wǎng)，揚(yáng)神威，張?zhí)炀W(wǎng)，保王室，殲敵人，一鼓滌蕩。保王室，殲敵人，一鼓滌蕩。破陰謀，滅奸黨，把亂萌一掃光；破陰謀，滅奸黨，把亂萌一掃光；讓我們齊仰望，神佑女王！讓我們齊仰望，神佑女王！ 愿上帝恩澤長(zhǎng)，選精品，傾寶囊，萬(wàn)愿上帝恩澤長(zhǎng)，選精品，傾寶囊，萬(wàn)歲女王！歲女王！愿她保護(hù)法律，使民心齊歸向，一致愿她保護(hù)法律，使民心齊歸向，一致衷心歌唱，神佑女王！衷心歌唱，神佑女王！ lQueen Elizabeth IILocation of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2E

5、Total territory: 242,514 square kilometers (roughly the size of Guangxi Province of China)No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.The official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:lGreat Britain (the formerly separate En

6、gland and Scotland, and Wales. ) lNorthern IrelandlNumerous smaller islandsThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大大不不列列顛顛島島愛愛爾爾蘭蘭島島東東北北部部英英格格蘭蘭蘇蘇格格蘭蘭威威爾爾士士北北愛愛爾爾蘭蘭領(lǐng)土組成Complicated Name 全稱：全稱：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 全稱的縮略：全稱的縮略：The United Kingdom or T

7、he UK 簡(jiǎn)稱：簡(jiǎn)稱：Britain 代稱：代稱：EnglandThree terms lBritish Isles 不列顛群島不列顛群島lBritainlGreat BritainTwo large islands several small ones Great Britain and Northern IrelandEngland, WalesScotland1）The British Isles a geographic term which includes two large islands, and , and 5,000 small islands. 2）Great Brit

8、ain: comprises only England , and _.3）Ireland island: includes Northern Ireland and southern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of , while southern Ireland became an independent country . 4）The UK: is made up of and . is made up of , , _ and_ Great BritainIreland islandScotlandWalesThe UKRepublic o

9、f IrelandGreat BritainNorthern IrelandEnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandWhat is the reference of each picture? British Isles, the UK, Great Britain, Scotland, England, or Wales?123456The UKScotlandGreat BritainEnglandBritish IslesWalesGeographical location (1)lThe UK is an _ country.lThe UK is loc

10、ated in the _ Europe.The UKislandnorthwesternGeographic location (2)The UK is a country of island surrounded by _ ( to its east), _ (to its north) _ (to its west and between Great Britain and Ireland),_ (to its south). North seaIrish seaAtlantic oceanEnglish Channel and Strait of DoverEnglish Channe

11、l and Strait of Dover separate the UK from the continent of Europe. The English Channel and The Strait of Dover The English Channel（英吉利海峽）（英吉利海峽）The Strait of Dover（多佛爾海峽）（多佛爾海峽）Four ComponentslEnglandCharacteristics of EnglandCharacteristics of EnglandlHighly urbanizedlThe largest, most populous an

12、d wealthiest part of the UK. lDominance in: size/ culture/ economy it makes up 130,281 square kilometers( 53.7%) of the countrys total area. In mid-2006, it makes up 83.8% of the total population. Though England dominates Britain, it is incorrect to use “England” to refer to the whole country, for t

13、he other three nations of the UK enjoy separate political statues in one way or another.lCapital city : London seat of government, center of business, and the heart of arts and culture l LondonerScotlandlThe second largest of the four nations both in area and population. lGlasgow is the largest city

14、, Edinburgh is the capital of the region.lPopulation density is the lowest.lScotland joined in the Union of England in 1707, but it has a separate administration, different legal and educational systems. WaleslThe smallest part among the three nations on the island of Great Britain, with Cardiff as

15、its capital.l Wales has been dominated by England since 1536.lIt retains a unique cultural, social, and economic development, and a devolved Welsh AssemblylIt has its national languageWelshNorthern IrelandlThe smallest part both in area and population.lIt is also referred to as province of Ulster.lT

16、he capital is Belfast, a centre of shipbuilding and textiles.lSince 1801 Ireland had been part of the UK, but in 1922 the Irish Free State declared its independence, leaving only 6 counties inside the Union to be called Northern Ireland.TopographylA Highland zone in the north and west.lA Lowland zon

17、e in the south and east. lThe Pennines “backbone of England”Northern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England

18、: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UKRivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long)l The second longest river: Thames (338 kilometers long) l The largest Lake: Lou

19、gh Neagh in Northern IrelandThames The longest river in the UK: Severn RiverNEW SEVERN BRIDGE: the longest bridge in the UK,connecting Wales and England Tower BridgeThamesbest known for flowing through central London.Lake Districtin the Cumbrian Mountains of northwest EnglandA popular holiday destin

20、ationbeing famous for its 15 lakesLake Poets (in the early 1800s): William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, Robert Southey.Lake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, o

21、f golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.2. ClimateMain

22、characteristics:Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: lWinter fog lRainy dayslInstability/changeability Maritime climatelThe west of the country -wetter and milder than the east.lThe north and the west have the most rainlthe lowlands of the south and eas

23、t have the least rain.lFebruary to March - the driest period October to January - the wettest.lThe temperature is rarely low than 0 in winter or higher than 32 lJuly and August are the warmest months. lDecember to February is cold, wet and windy. II People Overall population: over 60 millions (the 1

24、8th) Population density: 243 persons per square kilometers. (twice densely than France, 9 times than the USA, 100 times than Australia)Life Expectancy: 75.94 years for men 80.96 years for women. Highly urbanized: 80% living in cities and 20% living in the countryside The most densely populated area:

25、 England The least populated area: Northern IrelandDistribution:lEngland: about 50 millionlScotland: over 5 millionlWales: around 3 millionlNorthern Ireland: about 1.7millionEthnic CompositionlThe majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons lMost people in Wales and Scotland are

26、descendents of the Celtic people lThe Irish people were also Celtic in originlimmigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethnic Groups of totallWhite British 85.7%lWhite Irish 1.2%lWhite (other) 5.3%lMixed race 1.2%lIndian 1.8%lPakistani 1.3%lBengali 0.5%lOther Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4%lBlack Carib

27、bean 1.0%lBlack African 0.8%l Black (others) 0.2%lChinese 0.4%lOther 0.4%Linguistic CompositionlEnglish is the official language.lModern English: derived from the Germanic dialects spoken by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. England-EnglishlEducated English people speak Standard English with the Receiv

28、ed Pronunciation.lIn recent decades, many people think regional accents are warmer and friendlier than RE, such as the Cockneys in East London and people in northern England. ScotlandGaeliclOnly less than 2 percent of the Scots are able to speak Gaelic.lScottish people prefer Scottish accent. They e

29、ven insist the BBC carry programmes with Scottish-accented speakers. Wales-WelshlOne-fifth of Wales can speak Welsh.lThe government made Welsh a joint official language with English in Wales.lThey offer bilingual education at school and have Welsh-language television channel. The Northern IrelandIri

30、shlIrish, another Gaelic language, is spoken as a second language lEnglish is the official language, Welsh, Gaelic, and Irish are the indigenous languages.lIn London, over 250 languages are spoken, making the capital the most linguistically diverse city in the world.Class Structurelthe Upper ClassOf

31、ten people with inherited wealth. Includes some of the oldest families, with many of them being titled aristocrats.lthe Middle ClassThe majority of the population of Britain. They include industrialists, professionals, business people and shop owners.lLower or Working ClassPeople who are agricultural, mine and factory workers. lThe British Class System todaylA