1、電氣技術(shù)英語釋讀 Unit1: Electrical Circuitry1. What are the three basic properties used in electrical circuits?RResistance-That characteristic of a medium opposes the flow of electrical current through itself.CLCapacitance-The property of a component is to oppose any change in voltage across its terminals,

2、by storing and releasing energy in an internal electric field.Inductance-The property of a component is to oppose any change in current through itself, by storing and releasing energy in a magnetic field surrounding itself.As you might expect, components whose main property is resistance are called

3、resistors；those that exhibit capacitance are called capacitors, and the ones that primarily have inductance are called inductors。 Resistor-As you could probably guess from the name, a resistor increases the resistance of circuit. The main purpose of this is to reduce the flow of electricity in a cir

4、cuit. Resistors come in all different shapes and sizes.Adjustable resistors Color ring resistorsCement resistor Piezo-resistorThermistorPhoto resistorCapacitor-A capacitor is a component made from two (or two sets of) conductive plates with an insulator between them. The insulator prevents the plate

5、s from touching. The strength of a capacitor is called capacitance and is measured in farads (F).Electrolytic capacitorCircuit boardInductor-An inductor is essentially a coil of wire. When current flows through an inductor, a magnetic field is created, and the inductor will store this magnetic energ

6、y until it is released. In some ways, an inductor is the opposite of a capacitor. 2. What does a basic type f of electric circuit consist of?(1) Source- The source can be any source of electrical energy. In practice, there are three general possibilities: it can be a battery, an electrical generator

7、, or some sort of electronic power supply.Batteries an electrical generator DC regulated power supplyLoad-The load is any device or circuit powered by electricity. It can be as simple as a light bulb or as complex as a modern high-speed computer.a light bulbindustrial control equipment a modern high

8、-speed computer3. What are the physical characteristics of the circuit?-The electricity provided by the source has two basic characteristics, called voltage and current. Voltage-The electrical pressure, that causes free electrons to travel through an electrical circuit, is known as electromotive for

9、ce (EMF). It is measured in volts by voltmeter(2) Current- The amount of electrical charge (the number of free electrons) moving past a given point in an electrical circuit per unit of time is called current. Current is measured in amperes by ammeter.(2) Resistance- The load, in turn, has a characte

10、ristic called resistance. The characteristic of a medium opposes the flow of electrical current through itself. Resistance is measured in ohms by ohmmeter OhmmeterMultimeter4.Attention in the use of Electrolytic Capacitor (1) DC Electrolytic capacitors, it can be used on DC circuit only. its polarit

11、y is marked with + and - or - only, it is indicated on proper position or aside of lead wire/terminal.+-CElectrolytic capacitors(2) Do not allow excessive ripple current to pass. Use the electrolytic capacitor at current values within the permissible ripple range.excessive ripple current 過度紋波電流curre

12、nt values 電流值permissible ripple range允許的紋波范圍(3) Applied working voltage to capacitor which do not exceed the rated working voltage of capacitor. rated working voltage 額定工作電壓(4) When soldering the electrolytic capacitor, the soldering time should never be permitted over 10 seconds, and for 260C of th

13、e soldering temperature.隨堂練習1. Fill in the blanks with the information in the reading material.(1) Components whose main property is resistance are called ；those that exhibit capacitance are called ; and the ones that primarily have inductance are called .(2) The electricity provided by the source h

14、as two basic characteristics, called and .(3) Electromotive force (EMF) is measured in ; current is measured in ;resistance is measured in .2. Find the right description and connect to it. ammeter voltmeter electric iron multimeterThank you for your attention !電氣技術(shù)英語釋讀 Unit 2 Electronics引入電子電路的應用引入電

15、子電路的應用1. Can you say something about electronics?The worlds reliance on electronics is so great that commentators claim people live in an “electronic age”. 世界對電子的依賴如此之大，以至于評論家們聲稱人們生活在一個“電子時代”中。人們被電子電視、收音機、計算機和DVD播放器所包圍，以及具有主要電氣部件的產(chǎn)品，例如微波爐、冰箱和其它廚房電器，以及助聽器和醫(yī)療器械。People are surrounded by electronics-tel

16、evisions, radios, computers, and DVD players, along with products with major electric components, such as microwave ovens, refrigerators, and other kitchen appliances, as well as hearing aids and medical instruments.Manydifferentmethodsofconnectingcomponentshavebeenusedovertheyears. 多年來使用了許多不同的連接電子元

17、件的方法。例如，早期的電子產(chǎn)品通常使用點對點布線，并將部件連接在面包板上構(gòu)造電路。還有積木式結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼絲包裝。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代電子產(chǎn)品使用印刷電路板 (由FR4制成)，以及集成電路。For instance, earlyelectronicsoftenusedpointtopointwiringwithcomponentsattached to, woodenbreadboardstoconstructcircuits. Cordwoodconstructionandwirewrapswere othermethodsused. Mostmoderndayelectronicsnowuseprinte

18、dcircuitboards (made ofFR4), andhighlyintegratedcircuits.wirewrapstoconstructcircuitswoodenbreadboardstoconstructcircuitscordwoodconstructionprintedcircuitboards2. Can you say difference between analog and digital electronics?Circuitsandcomponentscanbedividedintotwogroups: analoganddigital. Analogue

19、electronics areelectronicsystemswitha continuouslyvariablesignal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two different levels.Aparticular devicemayconsistofcircuitrythathasoneortheotheroramix of thetwotypes.3. Can you say something about Analogue electronics?Thetermanalog

20、ue describes the proportional relationship betweenasignalandavoltage orcurrent thatrepresentsthesignal.term術(shù)語 analogue模擬proportional 比例Electronic Components with Analog Switch ICs (帶模擬開關集成電路的電子元件) Analog switch ICs have slowly turned on designers for their efficiency and very popular feature. 模擬開關集成

21、電路因其效率和非常受歡迎的特性而慢慢地開拓了設計者的思路。ICA或集成電路具有兩種方式：IC模擬開關集成電路在條件允許情況下，限制和斷開電流。IC analog switch integrated circuit that electric current flows, if allowed, restricted and closed when opened.ICA or integrated circuits are broadly of two ways: The analog (or analog switch), also called the bilateral switch is

22、 an electronic component that behaves the same way as a relay, but has no moving parts. 模擬(或模擬開關)，也稱為雙邊開關，是一種電子元件，其工作方式與繼電器相同，但沒有活動部件。，因為模擬開關IC廣泛用于各種電子開關IC模擬部件中，所以被用于商業(yè)、工業(yè)、軍事等等。模擬開關IC也用于模擬信號到數(shù)字控制接口。Analog switch ICs for commercial, industrial, as used for military purposes because they are widely us

23、ed in various electronic switches IC analog components. The IC switches are also used for analog signals to digital control interface.(2) Amplifiers(放大器)An amplifier can be considered as an electronic circuit with an input port to which a signal enters, and an output port from which an enlarged sign

24、al emerges.放大器可以被認為是具有輸入端口的電子電路，信號進入輸入端，輸出端放大信號。power amplifier voltage amplifierMany kind of amplifying devices are available, and most are adaptable for use in control system. If the output of the amplifier delivers more power than is required at the input, the amplifier is generally classes as a

25、power amplifier. Another class of amplifier is the voltage amplifier.Amplifiers in electrical systems may be as simple as an electromagnetic relay or they may consist of electronic devices such as tubes, transistors, or magnetic circuits.a tube a transistor4. Can you say something about digitalelect

26、ronics?A digital circuit is often constructed from small electronic circuits called logic gates. Each logic gate represents a function of Boolean logic. A logic gate is an arrangement of electrically controlled switches.The output of a logic gate is an electrical flow or voltage that can, in turn, c

27、ontrol more logic gates.閱讀并完成對比的英文描述If both inputs are connected to a low voltage (logic 0), current flows from the positive supply through the resistor and the two diodes in parallel back to ground. The output is held to the voltage drop across the conducting diodes, or at a low (logic 0) level.Log

28、ic AND gateIf one of the inputs is connected to a logic 1 high level, that diode is reverse-biased, but the other still conducts to ground, keeping the output at a low level. If both inputs are connected to a high level, both diodes are reverse-biased and the output rises to the positive supply leve

29、l, or logic 1.利用超星學習通平臺，完成隨堂練習。Thank you for your attention !電氣技術(shù)英語釋讀 Unit3： Electric Motors一、引入生活中的電機的應用單相交流電動機Unit3： Electric Motors一、引入生活中的電機的應用直流電動機Unit3： Electric Motors一、引入生活中的電機的應用三相異步電動機Unit3： Electric Motors一、引入生活中的電機的應用特種電機二、掌握各種電機的英文名稱異步電動機asynchronous motor二、掌握各種電機的英文名稱gear-box motor變速箱電

30、機二、掌握各種電機的英文名稱 stepper motor步進電機二、掌握各種電機的英文名稱servomotor 伺服電機三、掌握電機的相關知識Each type of motor has its particular field of usefulness. Because of its simplicity, economy and durability, the induction motor widely used for industrial purposes than any other type of ac motor, especially if a high-speed dri

31、ve is desired. simplicity簡單 economy經(jīng)濟Durability持久性a high-speed drive高速驅(qū)動 If AC power is available, all drives requiring constant speed should use squirrel-cage induction or synchronous motors because of their ruggedness and lower cost.constant speed 恒定的速度 squirrel-cage induction 鼠籠式感應電動機 ruggedness

32、耐久性 堅固性synchronous motors 同步電動機三、掌握電機的相關知識If there are machine tools or other machines requiring adjustable speed or a wide range of speed control, it will probably be desirable to install DC motors on such machines and supply them from the AC system by motor-generator sets or electric rectifiers.ma

33、chine tools機床 adjustable speed可調(diào)節(jié)的 速度 electric rectifiers電子整流器motor-generator sets 電動機發(fā)電機組三、掌握電機的相關知識四、掌握直流電機的速度控制Speed Control of DC Motor四、掌握直流電機的速度控制Speed Control of DC MotorA regulator system is one which normally provides output power in its steady-state operation.A regulator system調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng) output

34、power輸出功率 steady-state穩(wěn)定的五、掌握交流電機的頻率控制Frequency Control of AC MotorTerms(術(shù)語)Converter:轉(zhuǎn)換器 An operative unit for electronic power conversion comprising one or more valve devices (power semiconductors, for example).一種包括一個或多個閥門裝置(例如功率半導體)的用于電能轉(zhuǎn)換的工作元件。四、掌握直流電機的速度控制Speed Control of DC MotorElectrical Bra

35、king電氣制動 Regenerative braking回饋制動Eddy current braking渦流制動 Dynamic braking能耗制動Reverse current braking (plugging) 反接(向)制動五、掌握交流電機的頻率控制Frequency Control of AC MotorTerms(術(shù)語)(3) Rectifier:整流器A converter for conversion from AC to DC.一種將交流轉(zhuǎn)換成直流的轉(zhuǎn)換器。五、掌握交流電機的頻率控制Frequency Control of AC MotorTerms(術(shù)語) (4)In

36、verter:逆變器 A converter for conversion from DC to AC.一種將直流轉(zhuǎn)換成交流的轉(zhuǎn)換器。五、掌握交流電機的頻率控制Frequency Control of AC MotorTerms(術(shù)語)(2)Self-commutated converter:自整流轉(zhuǎn)換器 A converter in which the commutation voltages are supplied by components within the converters.一種換向電壓由轉(zhuǎn)換器內(nèi)部元件提供的轉(zhuǎn)換器。五、掌握交流電機的頻率控制Frequency Control

37、 of AC MotorTerms(術(shù)語)(5)Indirect AC converter:間接交流轉(zhuǎn)換器A converter comprising a rectifier and an inverter with a DC link. 一種包括一個整流器和一個逆變器直流環(huán)的轉(zhuǎn)換器。Conversion functions of adjustable-frequency controllers applied to AC motorsAnalyze the following sentencesIEC =International Electrotechnical Commission 國際

38、電工技術(shù)委員會International Electrochemical Commission 國際電化學委員會；International Electric Corporation 國際電氣公司 美；IEEE = Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers 電氣和電子工程師學會美National Electric Motor Association 全國電動機協(xié)會美；To form the DC link, the incoming AC voltage must somehow be changed to a DC voltage,

39、after which the DC is changed back to AC for applying to the AC motor.The input uses six semiconductors to provide the DC, and the output uses six semiconductors to provide the adjustable frequency.If the input box were to use thyristors instead of diodes, they can be controlled to provide adjustabl

40、e DC 1ink voltage.六、總結(jié)整理本次課程有關電動機的常用詞匯(1)各種類型的電動機名稱(2)電動機幾種電氣制動方法的描述(3)交流電動機頻率控制中提到的幾個術(shù)語的名稱Thank you for your attention !電氣技術(shù)英語釋讀 Unit4： Electric control system一、以電機拖動控制課程所學專業(yè)知識引入Unit4： Electric control system一、以電機拖動控制課程所學專業(yè)知識引入二、掌握各種電氣設備及電氣控制系統(tǒng)的英文名稱(1) Switches (開關)A switch is a device that either

41、opens or closes a circuit.There are numerous types and styles of switches, they can be classified into the following categories:不帶鎖開關 帶鎖開關常開開關 常閉開關 多擲開關 多極開關Typical switches used in the control circuit include:Selector switches 選擇開關 Push-button switches按鈕開關急停按鈕Limit switches限位開關 Cross-switch switche

42、s十字開關 Thumbwheel switches 撥輪開關 Air switch空氣開關Button box按鈕盒 Slide switches檔位開關2. Relay (繼電器)A switch whose operation is activated by an electromagnet is called a relay. 由電磁控制操作的開關稱為繼電器。The contact and symbology for relays is usually the same as switch. 繼電器的觸點和符號通常與開關相同。A small current passes through

43、the magnet causing the pole to switch. 小電流通過鐵磁線圈使觸點產(chǎn)生開關動作。Usually the magnet is rated between 3 to 100 volts and a few hundred milliamps. 通常電磁線圈的工作電壓在3100V，電流在幾百毫安Milliamps 毫安Therefore, it is operated at very low power (current and voltage). 因此，繼電器可以在非常低的功率（電流和電壓）下來進行操作。A circuit carrying a much hea

44、vier rating can be switched using a relay, however, the two circuits are totally separated.功率較大的主電路可使用繼電器來控制。兩種電路是完全分開的。When a relay operates, the contacts all open or lose instantaneously. 當繼電器工作時，其觸點可瞬間開或關There may be a delay of several milliseconds between the operation of two contacts of the sam

45、e relay.同一繼電器的兩個觸點動作之間有幾毫秒的延時誤差。In the design of a relay circuit, this delay must always be taken into account.繼電器的電路設計中，必須考慮這種延時因素。3. Other types of low-voltage electrical equipmentTime-delay relay(時間繼電器)Thermal relay(熱繼電器) Contactor(接觸器) Fuses(熔斷器)4. Electric control systemLetter symbolChinesename

46、English namefunctionQS空氣開關automatic air-break switchTurn on or off the circuitFU熔斷器fuseShort-circuit protectionKM接觸器contactorTurn on or off the circuit frequentlyKT時間繼電器Time-delay relayTo turn off or turn on the circuit of the output signal after a predetermined time.FR熱繼電器thermal relayOver-load pro

47、tectionSB按鈕buttonFor operating a given command signalSQ行程開關travel switchLimit control5. Craneselectricalcontrolsystem(起重機電氣控制系統(tǒng))Thecranesteelstructureisresponsiblefortheload support; Thecraneisresponsibleforthemovementofthe Crane; Cranebodymovements, suchasstarting, running, reversingandstop allared

48、onebyelectricalorhydraulic controlsystem, inordertocranemovementssmooth,accurate, safeandreliableoperationisinseparablefrom theelectrictransmission, controlandprotection effectively. The electric equipment of the general bridge crane is mainly used for electric motors, braking electromagnets, contro

49、lling electrical appliances and protecting electricity device.The operating appliance is also called the control appliance, which includes the controller, the contactor, the control screen and the resistor. The protection of electric bridge crane protection appliance has the protection cabinet, the

50、control screen, the current relay, the travel limit of each institution position, emergency switch, various safety interlock switch and fuse etc.三、電氣控制柜產(chǎn)品說明書的書寫見手冊 Thank you for your attention !電氣技術(shù)英語釋讀 Unit5：Control system一、自動控制系統(tǒng)在各行各業(yè)的應用Advertising control systemSmart home control systemNeon light

51、 control system一、自動控制系統(tǒng)在各行各業(yè)的應用Logistics sorting automatic line物流分揀自動線手機殼自動生產(chǎn)線Automatic production line of mobile phone shellAutomobile automatic production lineAutomatic production line for packing moon cake汽車生產(chǎn)線月餅包裝自動生產(chǎn)線1. Can you list some control devices used in automatic system?Mechanical contr

52、ol devices機械控制裝置Mechanical control includes cams and governors. Although they have been used for the control of very complex machines, to be cost effectively, today they are used for simple and fixed-cycle task control. Some automated machines, such as screw machines, still use cam-based control. Me

53、chanical control is difficult to machines and is subject to wear.cam 凸輪governor節(jié)速器，調(diào)節(jié)器complex 復雜的effectively 有效地 fixed-cycle 固定循環(huán)screw machines螺旋機wear耐用、磨損Pneumatic control devices氣動控制裝置Pneumatic control is still very popular for certain applications. It uses compressed air, valves, and switches to

54、construct simple control logic, but is relatively slow. Because standard components are used to construct the logic, it is easier to build than a mechanical control. Pneumatic control parts are subject to wear.popular流行的，大眾化的；民眾的，certain applications某些應用compressed air壓縮空氣valve閥；真空管relatively slow相對緩

55、慢standard components標準件Electronic control電子控制An electromechanical control uses switches, relays, timers, counter, and so on, to construct logic. Because electric current is used, it is faster and more flexible. The controllers using electromechanical control are called relay devices.flexible靈活的；易彎曲的

56、；柔韌的；易被說服的electromechanical電動機械的，機電的，電機的Electric control is similar to electromechanical control, except that the moving mechanical components in an electromechanical control device are replaced by electronic switches, which works faster and is more reliable.Electric control 電氣控制 Computer control de

57、vicesProgrammable logic control (PLC)Computer control is the most versatile control system. The logic of the control is programmed into the computer memory using software. It not only can be for machine and manufacturing system control, but also for data communication. Very complex strategies with e

58、xtensive computations can be programmed.versatile(指工具、機器等）多用途的；多功能的manufacturing制造業(yè)，工業(yè)strategy策略；戰(zhàn)略；戰(zhàn)略學；對策extensive大量 computation計算，估計二、了解自動控制的技術(shù)發(fā)展。Automatic control has played a vital role in advancement of engineering and science. In addition to its extreme importance in space-vehicle, missile-gui

59、dance, and aircraft-piloting systems, etc, automatic control has become an importance and integral part of modern manufacturing and industrial processes.vital role 至關重要In addition to adv.除之外extreme極端的，過激的；極限的，非常的；末端的；space-vehicle太空飛行器missile-guidance導彈制導aircraft-piloting systems飛機駕駛系統(tǒng)automatic cont

60、rol is essential in such industrial operations as controlling pressure, temperature, humidity, viscosity, and flow in the process industries, tooling, handing, and assembling mechanical parts in the manufacturing industries, among many others.essential基本的；必要的；viscosity黏性；粘質(zhì)；粘性Since advance in the th