1、第十一講 主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)導(dǎo)入譯例水燒開了The water is boiled.房間清掃干凈了The house has been cleaned up.票賣光了The ticket are sold out.稿子才寫了一半The article is half finished.Joe has taken my place. (I am released.)重心在my placeThe place has been taken by Joe. (You dont have to bother.)重心在by Joe The place has been taken. (We are late.)T

2、he dishes must be washed up. (Anyhow someone has to do it!) You must wash up the dishes. (giving an order)幸虧一個(gè)漁夫救起了他Fortunately, a fisherman picked him up.漁夫很幸運(yùn)Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman.我很幸運(yùn)英漢主動(dòng)被動(dòng)比較英語中有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，漢語中只有被動(dòng)句式雞吃光了The chicken has been eaten up. (The chicken has eaten up its

3、food.)信寄了？Has the letter been mailed?英語常見被動(dòng)形式典型被動(dòng)句：This book is not well accepted by the readers.簡化被動(dòng)句：This book does not sell well.The house will not let. (The house will not be let.)這個(gè)房子租不出去 這個(gè)房子不出租英語簡化被動(dòng)語態(tài)These shirts wash well.這些襯衫耐洗This composition reads smooth.這篇文章讀起來很順口The door wont lock.這門鎖不

4、上Velvet feels smooth.天鵝絨摸上去很光滑She doesnt photograph well.她不上鏡Damp clothes iron easily.濕衣服好燙簡化被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)事物本身的一種特質(zhì)士兵被打傷了一條胳膊The soldiers arm was wounded.墻上被炸出了一個(gè)洞A big hole was blown in the wall.他被人畫了一張漫畫Someone has drawn a caricature of him.英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法不知道或沒必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者出于禮貌、措詞圓通等考慮無從說出主動(dòng)者是誰便于上下文連接突出談話的中心顯得客觀、

5、正式簡化句子構(gòu)造用法 1：不知道或沒必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Such books are written for children.這種書是為兒童寫的We havent been told about it.沒有人告知我們這件事The English evening has been put off till Saturday.英語晚會(huì)已經(jīng)延期到星期六進(jìn)展用法 2：出于禮貌、措詞圓通等考慮You are requested to give us a performance.請你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目It is hoped that the child will cure her bad habit o

6、f crying.期望孩子能夠改掉愛哭的不良習(xí)慣Turn in the paper tomorrow, if it can be done.論文要是大家能夠完成的話，就明天交吧用法 3：無從說出主動(dòng)者是誰You are wanted on the phone.有人給你打 Rice is chiefly grown in the south.大米主要產(chǎn)于南方The problem is being studied.該問題正在爭辯用法 4：便于上下文連接He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他在臺(tái)上消滅，

7、觀眾吵鬧鼓掌歡送Jack fought John in the mens singles last night and was defeated.杰克昨晚在男子單打競賽中與約翰相遇，結(jié)果輸了用法 5：突出談話的中心The song was composed by a student.這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生寫的The program was designed by ourselves.這套程序是我們自己設(shè)計(jì)的She is spied on by a nosy, suspicious neighbor.一個(gè)疑神疑鬼愛管閑事的鄰居總是窺探她的生活用法 6：顯得客觀It is believed that

8、they would do it again.It is said/estimated/reported/learned/predicted/rumored that It cannot be denied (must be admitted) thatIt is generally considered that人們一般認(rèn)為It is understood that用法 7：顯得正式A party will be held by classes I and II. Your presence will be appreciated.Under the auspices of the stud

9、ents Union, a lecture will be given by on at.用法 8：簡化句子構(gòu)造假設(shè)要信到，貼足郵票Letters wont be sent unless adequately stamped.話不說不明Words unspoken are not clear.A few moments after the accident, he was seen by a policeman to whom he made an oral statement.事故發(fā)生后不久，他遇到了警察并向他口頭描述了事情的經(jīng)過翻譯方法 1：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)漢語主動(dòng)用施事者做主語It is co

10、nsidered to be cruel by many British people to send animals to rockets into outer space.很多英國人認(rèn)為，把動(dòng)物用火箭送上太空是相當(dāng)殘忍的Energy is needed for this reaction and it is supplied by the light of the sun.這種反響需要能量，而太陽光那么能供給所需的能量翻譯方法 1：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)漢語主動(dòng)保存原主語The subject will be treated more fully later.這個(gè)主題稍后將具體爭辯The soluti

11、on to the problem was finally found.這個(gè)問題的解決方法最終找到了翻譯方法 1：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)漢語主動(dòng)增加適當(dāng)主語I am afraid that I shall be laughed at.我擔(dān)憂人家笑話我John was seen to steal from the store.有人觀看約翰從商店偷東西翻譯方法 2：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化漢語無主句Nothing can be done without money.沒有錢就無法做事Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak room.請來賓把外套放在衣

12、帽間里It is hoped that Shanghai will be able to establish friendly relations with more foreign cities.期望上海今后能與更多國外城市建立友好關(guān)系翻譯方法 3：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化漢語推斷句Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷術(shù)是從中國傳入歐洲的I was received by Mr. Wang when I first came to Hong Kong.第一次來香港的時(shí)候是王先生接待我的翻譯方法 4：英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化漢語被動(dòng)She was set

13、 up and was sentenced to life imprisonment.她遭人陷害，被判無期徒刑His discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.他的這項(xiàng)覺察在科學(xué)界受到高度評(píng)價(jià)Vegetable oil has been known since antiquity. 植物油自古以來就為人們所生疏The child is spoiled.這孩子給寵壞了Jack was beaten black and blue.杰克讓人打得青一塊紫一塊的This task will be accomplished by th

14、e second group.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)將由其次組來完成This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the surface of the earth is curved.只有假定地球外表是不平的，這種現(xiàn)象才能得到解釋This region must be protected from too frequent visits. 這個(gè)地區(qū)必需加以保護(hù)，避開過于頻繁的參觀其它轉(zhuǎn)換譯例The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice.把溫度降低以便使水變成冰Th

15、e whole party was ruined by his presence.他的到來把整個(gè)聚會(huì)搞砸了The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.由于打破了權(quán)利的過度集中，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)自由Ten percent reduction in the auto accidents was realized by exercising tighter control over the speed limit.由于加強(qiáng)了大路車速限制，車禍發(fā)生率下降了十個(gè)百分點(diǎn)穩(wěn)固練習(xí)The famous

16、 hotel has been practically ruined by the big fire.這場大火幾乎使這家知名賓館化為灰燼這家知名的賓館在這場大火中幾乎化為灰燼A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.本月早些時(shí)候在海岸線四周人們覺察了一群鯊魚The sense of inferiority he acquired in his youth has never been eradicated.他年輕時(shí)形成的自卑感至今都沒有完全消退他至今都沒能擺脫年輕時(shí)形成的自卑感Over the years 2

17、6 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.過去這些年里憲法增加了 26 項(xiàng)修正案，但根本文件始終未變The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.這艘宇宙飛船將完全由機(jī)載電子計(jì)算機(jī)把握While there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most activelyare usu

18、ally listed on the NYSE.股票事實(shí)上成千上萬，但那些買賣最活潑的通常是在紐交所上市的Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as mush as possible.有些人誤以為人們寵愛積蓄精力，寵愛休息，寵愛盡可能保養(yǎng)自己These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers by executing their orders.這些股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人通過按買賣雙方要求進(jìn)展交易從中提取傭金Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that they