1、冠詞精講精練一、考點概述：I.冠詞的定義冠詞是一種虛詞，沒有詞義，沒有數(shù)和格的變化，不能單獨使用,只能幫助名詞或起名詞作用的其它 詞類說明其意義.II冠詞的種類冠詞分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩大類定冠詞特指一特定名詞，不定冠詞泛指一般普通名詞.二、考點聚焦：1.不定冠詞的用法：用于有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前：a good understanding of ; a population of ; a history of;a collection of ; an area of ; a distance of, a length of用于形容詞修飾的“一日三餐”前：a light breakfas

2、t; a big dinner; a quick lunch.在有或沒有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前，泛指：The accident happened on a Sunday in July.It was a very cold April.指不具體的任何物：A Mr. called you just now.相當(dāng)于per “每一”的意思：His income is one thousand yuan a month.用于有g(shù)ood/great many修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前：He visited the Great Wall a good many times.用于形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前：

3、Reading is a means of learning.用于與動詞同型的名詞前：Lets have a walk and a talk at the same time.在and連接的兩個名詞前，用一個a(n)和用兩個意義不同：He went to see a teacher and (a) writer.與of連用，表示“同一的”、“相同的”：of a kind 同一種；of an age 同歲；of a size大小相同在固定詞組中：A few, a little , a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden,As a matter

4、of fact, in a hurry , in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, as a rule, as a whole, in a day or two, in a way, have a word with sb., make a living, take a bath, a great deal of, have a cold(fever, headache), many a student2定冠詞的用法：使用定冠詞的一般情況。特指或第二次提到。序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨一無二的東西前。用于表示發(fā)明物的單

5、數(shù)名詞前或某些專有名詞前。定冠詞使用特殊的場合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the headthe rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，窮 人，傷員the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two 兩者中較年長的一位，較漂亮的一個The sooner, the better 越快越好。He got paid by the hour.他是按小時付工錢的。by the yard/the doze

6、n/the month/the year.但：by weight按重量in the 50s /in the 1870s (表示年代)the Smiths/the Whites (表示一家人或夫婦倆)in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home當(dāng)抽象名詞表示某一特定內(nèi)容，特別是當(dāng)它有一限定性修飾語時， 它與定冠詞連用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by

7、Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3不定冠詞常用的幾種情況表示“一”相當(dāng)于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.表示“每”相當(dāng)于“per。We have three meals a day.表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“the same。The children are of an age.表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants to he a doctor.表示泛扌旨，相當(dāng)于“any”。A horse is a useful animal

8、.表示某一個，相當(dāng)于“a certaino A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure 一件樂事，a surprise 一件 令人驚訝的事，a joy 一件高興的事，a pity 一件遺憾的事，an honour 一個(件)經(jīng)以為榮的人(事)。與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!3不用冠詞的情況專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。Chi

9、na , America, SmithAir is matter.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens DayHave you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語及同位 語時，一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Fath

10、er? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。They are peasants/ workers.在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on

11、 the train/ bus 需注意。某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介詞詞組中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university( college) ,to( in, into, from) church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in

12、, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。in hospital住院(因病)in the hospital在醫(yī)院(工作、參觀等)in front of在前面，指某物體之外in the front of在前部，指某物之內(nèi)in charge 負(fù)責(zé)，主管 out of question 沒問題in the charge 由負(fù)責(zé) out of the question 不可能as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表

13、語的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.系動詞turn (作“變成”解)后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.=The young girl has become a writer.在單數(shù)名詞+ after +同一單數(shù)名詞(表示“一個接一個”)結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加 冠詞。She did experiment after experiment.類似的還有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不

14、用定冠詞的情況。almost +形容詞原級”作“十分、非常、極”解時，前面不用定冠詞。Oh, its most beautiful.當(dāng)兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個名詞時，第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當(dāng)形容詞最高級作表語，不表示與其他人或物相比時，其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangero

15、us enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第”之意，但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一, 再一”之意。.why you took a second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠軍”。He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后面的名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village.never、ever置于作主語的名詞前，這些名詞前不用冠詞。Never

16、did student study so hard.這個學(xué)生從未學(xué)得這么認(rèn)真。有時為了節(jié)省空間、時間、金錢和精力，或為了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the，這主要用于 新聞標(biāo)題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報、公告、提綱、書名等。Conference opens.會議召開了。三、考點精華：1不定冠詞常用的幾種情況表示“一”相當(dāng)于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.表示“每”相當(dāng)于“per。We have three meals a day.表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“the same。The children are of an age.表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants

17、to he a doctor.表示泛扌旨，相當(dāng)于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.表示某一個，相當(dāng)于“a certaino A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure 一件樂事，a surprise 一件 令人驚訝的事，a joy 一件高興的事，a pity 件遺憾的事，an honour 一個（件）經(jīng)以為榮的人（事）。（8）與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me

18、a black coffee!2冠詞表類別的常見方式（1）定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個，代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.（2）不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（表示任意一個，某一個）。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man, woman表示泛指時，不用冠詞，且常用單數(shù)。如：Man is figh

19、ting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.（3）可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，指類別（考慮到同類中的各個情況）。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.3.冠詞位置問題（1）不定冠詞+副詞+形容詞+名詞。This is a very interesting story.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of

20、 pork,please!What a good idea it is!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money

21、.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.（4）定冠詞位置。ialf、twice、three times + the + 名詞He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.Ml、both、double + the + 名詞Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret. I offered him doub

22、le the amount, but he still refused.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)（08 全國118）Its not good idea to drive for four hours withoutbreak.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the答案A解析本題考查冠詞。句意為：開車四個小時而不休息不是一個好主意。第一空“一個好主意” 是泛指；without a break是習(xí)慣用法，break也是泛指。（08 江西 30）I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault.

23、 With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain， it is no wonderyou were late.A. a; aB. the; theC./; /D./; a答案B解析句意為：一一開會來晚了我非常抱歉。這不是你的錯，這正是上下班的高峰期而且又 下了大雨，難怪你來晚了。第一個空特指高峰時間擁擠的交通；第二個空特指雙方所指的大雨。（08 湖南 22）Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!A. the; theB./;theC. the; /D./;/答案C解析句意為：你聽說這消息

24、了嗎？油價又上漲了！第一空特指下文的消息，應(yīng)用定冠詞the； 第二空后的petrol為泛指，且是不可數(shù)名詞，故不用冠詞。（08 陜西 10）I atesandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.A. the; aB. the; theC. a; theD. a; a答案C解析sandwich是可數(shù)名詞，且在句中首次出現(xiàn)，表示泛指，其前須加不定冠詞；而“二十點零 八分的火車”是特指的惟一的概念，故其前須加定冠詞the。（08 四川 8）In the United States， there is always flow of people to ar

25、eas ofcountry where morejobs can be found.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; a答案A解析 句意為：在美國，總有人不斷地涌入鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of. 表示“大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示“鄉(xiāng)村”，與定冠詞the連用。（08 重慶 27）In many places in China， bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A. a; theB./;aC. the; aD. the; the

26、答案C解析the+名詞表一類，后面用a修飾，指一種的方式。（08 浙江 2）apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.A. An; theB. The; theC. An;/D. The;/答案A解析 第一個空指一個蘋果，是泛指；第二個空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位，表示“擊打某人的某 個部位”。（08 浙江 15）Dogs have a very goodof smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. senseB. viewC. m

27、eansD. idea答案A解析a sense of smell嗅覺。句意為：狗嗅覺靈敏，經(jīng)常被用來搜尋地震中的幸存者。（08 遼寧 24）My neighbor asked me to go forwalk， but I dont think Ive gotenergy.A. a;/B. the; theC. /;theD. a; the答案D解析 句意為：我的鄰居叫我去散步，但我認(rèn)為我沒有（那樣的）力氣。第一個空go for a walk 為固定短語；第二個空特指散步用的力氣。（08 山東 21）We went right round to the west coast bysea ins

28、tead of driving across continent.A. the; theB./;theC. the; /D./;/答案B解析by sea經(jīng)海路，by the sea在海邊；表示大陸、大洋等的名詞前通常加定冠詞the。（08 江蘇 21）Students should be encouraged to useInternet asresource.A./aB./;theC. the; theD. the; a答案D解析the Internet因特網(wǎng)，為固定搭配；as a resource“作為一種資源”，此處用a表示泛指。（09 北京 33）The biggest whale i

29、sblue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long一the height of9-story building.A. the; theB. a; aC. a; theD. the; a答案D（09 江西 25）Some people fear thatair pollution may bring about changes inweather around the world.A. /; theB. the; /C. an; theD. the; a答案A解析 考查冠詞用法。Air pollution是抽象名詞這里是泛指，weather這里

30、是特指全球的氣候， 根據(jù) the weather around the world 可知。（09 海南 22）Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem forwhileA. the; theB. the; aC. a; the D. a ; a答案B解析 考查冠詞的用法go to the cinema表示具體的某地，for a while固定搭配，表示，一會兒”。（09 陜西 6）Whatpity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; aB. the; aC. a;

31、 theD. the; the答案C解析 考查冠詞。第一空所填冠詞與上下文構(gòu)成固定句型what a pity that.，用不定冠詞a；第 二空后名詞表示表特指，用定冠詞the，選Co（09 四川 14）In order to findbetter job, he decided to studysecond foreign language.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; theD. a; the答案B 解析 考查冠詞的用法。該題的意思是：為了找到一個更好的工作，他決定再學(xué)習(xí)另外一門外語。 第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序數(shù)詞+名詞表示又一，再一。（09 浙江 2）I don

32、t understand what the engineer means, but Ive gotrough idea ofproject plan.A. the; aB.不填；theC. the;不填D. a; the答案D（09 重慶 26）Washing machines made by China have wonworldwide attention and Haier has becomepopular name.A. a; theB. /; aC. /; theD. the; a答案B（09 全國 1114）What I need is book that contains AB

33、C of oil painting.A. a;不填B. the;不填C. the; anD. a; the答案D（09 安徽 21） We can never expectbluer sky unless we create less polluted world.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the答案A21一Could you tell me the way to Johnsons， please?一Sorry， we dont haveJohnson here in the village.口A. the； theB. the; a口C./； theD

34、. the； /22.（07 北京 22）I looked underbed and foundbook I lost last week.A. the; aB. the; the 口C./; theD. the; /答案B解析bed為特指，指雙方都知道的那張床;故用定冠詞the; book后有定語從句I lost last week, 故也為特指“上周丟的那本書”。（07 天津 3）I wanted to catch early train， but couldnt getride to the station.A. an； theB./;theC. an;/D. the; a答案D解析句意

35、為：我想趕上早班火車，但沒趕上去車站的車。第一空有形容詞early修飾，應(yīng)為特 指；第二空泛指去車站的車。（07 江西 26）Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.A. a; /B. the; aC. the; theD./;a答案A解析diet可作可數(shù)名詞，go on a diet為固定搭配“節(jié)食;吃健康的食品”;make room for為留機(jī)會或余地，其中room為不可數(shù)名詞。（07 湖南 23）Polar b

36、ears live mostly on sea ice， which they use asplatform for hunting seals.A. a; aB. a; theC./;aD. the; /答案C解析sea ice為物質(zhì)名詞，因此其前不加冠詞;platform講臺;平臺，為可數(shù)名詞，在此為泛指“一 種平臺”。（07 四川 22）How about takingshort break? I want to makecall.A. the; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; a答案D解析have/take a break休息一下，為固定短語。make a cal

37、l打電話，是習(xí)慣用法。（07 重慶 24）George couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson， but he was sure it was Sundaybecause everybody was atchurch.A./;theB. the; /C. a; /D./;a答案C解析a Sunday某個星期天;at church做禮拜，為固定短語。句意為：但他確定那是個周日，因為大家都在做禮拜。（07 浙江 4）I like color of your skirt. It isgood match for your blouse.A. a;

38、 theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; the答案C解析本題考查冠詞?！澳闳棺拥念伾笔翘刂?，應(yīng)用the;“與你的襯衣是很好的搭配”表泛指用a。（07 福建 22）一How about Christmas evening party?口一I should say it was success.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; /D. the; /答案B解析 Christmas evening party特指雙方都知道的圣誕晚會，是特指;而success前加a,表示成功 的人或事，是將抽象名詞具體化了。（07 遼寧 21）Christmas is special hol

39、iday whenwhole family are supposed to get together.A. the; the B. a; aC. the; aD. a; the答案D解析 第一個空白處填a表示“類別”；the whole family特指“一家人”。（07 江西 26）Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make roomin their day for exercise. A. a; /B. the; aC. the; theD./; a口答案A解析 分析句子可知，

40、第一個空用a表示“一種”，某些不可數(shù)的抽象名詞前用a/an表示某種具體 的情況或概念。如：a great pleasure0第二個空不用冠詞，make room騰出空間/時間，room在此 為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“時間”。（07 山東 21）walk is expected to last all day， so bring packed lunch.A. A; aB. The; /C. The; aD. A; /答案C解析第一個空格處表特指，即預(yù)料到這次步行要花費一整天的時間，所以就帶了一份盒飯作為 午飯。表示一日三餐的名詞前通常不加冠詞，但當(dāng)與形容詞連用時，則需要加不定冠詞。（06 全國 13

41、0）一Hello， could I speak to Mr. Smith?一Sorry， wrong number. There isnt Mr. Smith here.A. /B. aC. theD. one答案B解析此題考查冠詞的用法。句意為：一一您好，我可以與史密斯先生講話嗎？對不起，您 撥錯號碼了，此處沒有一位叫史密斯的先生。故此處泛指“任何一個叫史密斯的人”，one用來強(qiáng) 調(diào)數(shù)量，不合要求，故答案為B項。（06 全國 1119）I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of music in thefilm

42、 we saw yesterday?A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the答案D解析在第一空中，music是不可數(shù)名詞為泛指，因此不用任何冠詞;第二空特指我們看的電影中 的音樂，因此加the。（06 遼寧 21）Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor， my fathers advice wasmost important one.A. the; aB. /; aC. /; theD. the; the答案D解析 成為大學(xué)教授的原因，為有所指，因此第一空為定冠詞。第二空因為

43、有第一空的范圍of all the reasons，故第二空為最高級，填定冠詞。（06 湖南 22）In review of 44 studies， American researchers found that men and women who ate six keyfoods daily cut the risk ofheart disease by 76%.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; /D. /; a答案C解析review是可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指要用不定冠詞a。heart disease心臟病，前面不加冠詞。（06 重慶 25）Everywhere man has cu

44、t down forests in order to grow crops，or to usewood as fuelor as building material.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; /答案C解析 本題考查冠詞的用法。第一空為可數(shù)名詞表類別，有三種形式，一是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不 定冠詞，二是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加定冠詞，三是用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不加冠詞。第二空指砍下的木材、 材料，因此應(yīng)加定冠詞。（06 山東 21）For himstage is just means of making a living.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the答案B解析stage在該句中表示“從藝”，是一個抽象概念，其前不可加不定冠詞；means為單復(fù)數(shù)同形 的名詞，由句意可知此處應(yīng)表示一種方式”，用a means of。（06 陜西 15）According toWorld Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities toprevent spre