1、閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解 閱讀能力是一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力，是對(duì)學(xué)生綜合知識(shí)的考查，是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是中考的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。主要包括理解程度和閱讀速度。 閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 閱讀基本技能: 1 略讀skimming（適用于判斷短文 主旨大意及中心思想） 2 掃讀scanning (適用于細(xì)節(jié)搜索、 捕捉、提取及理解) 3 細(xì)讀Reading in details（適用于推理判斷、揣摩、理解作者意圖）(五個(gè)W, who, what, when, where, why) 閱讀理解的命題依據(jù):1

2、 理解主旨和要義 2 理解文中的具體位置3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4 作出判斷和推理5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6 理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞 義 猜 測(cè) 型命 題 類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推 理 判 斷 型 Step Two: How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?(不完全的) 事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。正確答案的出處應(yīng)多讀文章的第一段或最后一

3、段，或每個(gè)段落的第一句或最后一句。（2013云南）65. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. The lady introduces healthy drinks. B. The lady cares about food cost. C. The lady fights obesity in students. D. The lady feel worried about the height. （2012云南）60. Whats the best title(標(biāo)題) of this passage?A. Lei Feng Spirit B. Lei

4、 Fengs DeathC. Lei Fengs Good Neighbors D. University Student Volunteers（2012云南）65. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Never make mistakes. B. You can make mistakes without thinking.C. Sometimes its good to make mistakes.D. Making mistakes is terrible.（2014 云南）59. The passage is mainly written f

5、or _. A. students at school B. people who dont like runningC. students who never have breakfast D. people who want to improve health主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:1、The title (標(biāo)題) of the passage can be_.2、The main idea of this passage is_.3、The main idea of the first/second/last paragraph is_.4、What is this passage

6、about? 文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。2013 云南51. The man with his old axe fell into the river. 52. The fairy came out and asked what was wrong with him. 53. The sad man on

7、ly wanted the gold and silver axes. 54. The fairy found his lost axe for the man.2012云南59. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A, Lei Feng gave his money to another soldiers parents.B. Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he told his name to her.C, Lei Feng always helped

8、others. D. We should learn from Lei Feng,63. What does the lady want the shops to do? A. To offer gym classes. B. To plant a vegetable garden. C. To serve meals with less fat. D. To sell healthier foods. 57. Who brought Lei Feng up?A. His parents B. Chairman Mao C. His neighbors D. Soldiers64. When

9、you make a mistake, you are closer to_trine B. money C. success D. everything60. Sun Hotel is open for _ months of the year. A. nine B. ten C. eleven D. twelve 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：1）Which of the following statement is true/not true?2）Which of the following is mentioned/ not mentioned in

10、 the passage?3）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or，順接關(guān)系。Eg：（2012佛山）Mobile phones can be carried with us wherever we travel. Some phones can even let you take pictures. And these images can be sent to other mobile phones. 49.What does th

11、e underlined word “images” mean? A. pictures B. messages C. telephones D. letters 詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型 反義法 如 but, while, however, not at all等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Eg: He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother. 根據(jù)“not at all handsome ”不難推測(cè)“homely”的意思是不好看的。詞義猜測(cè)型釋義法 ： 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于

12、用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。Eg:Make sure yourself and others are all right aftershocksafter the earthquake. 通過(guò)破折號(hào)后的after the earthquake, 不難猜出aftershocks 是余震的意思。情景推斷法：Eg: If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons , there is the “rush hour”. 根據(jù)情景可以推斷“rush hour ”為（上下班）交通高

13、峰時(shí)刻的意思。詞義猜測(cè)型的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式: 1、What does the underlined word “ ” mean?（新單詞考法） 2、What does “it” mean in the passage? What do “ they ” mean in the passage? 3、What does “ it ” refer to? What do “ they ” refer to?(代詞考法)此類題型在中考中一般占1題（2分）（2013云南） 62. The word “obesity” in the second paragraph means _ in Chinese.

14、 厭食癥 B. 抑郁癥 C. 肥胖癥 D. 強(qiáng)迫癥（2012云南） 58. The underlined phrase good deeds means _ in Chinese. A. 好人 B. 好事 C. 好夢(mèng) D. 好主意（2014云南）62. The underlined words straight As in Paragraph 2 mean _A_ in Chinese. A. 全優(yōu) B.及格 C.中等 D.不及格（2014云南） 65. When the writer says “my new friend” in the last paragraph, she is tal

15、king about_B_. A. her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her fathers friend判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng) 推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容為前提，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。 透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷型推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意

16、思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。（2013云南） 55. From the story, we know that an honest man may get more. （2012云南） 55. According to the passage, our life in the future will be better.（2014云南） 64. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona? C A. Stric

17、t and hard-working. B. More critical C. Friendly and interesting. D. More successful推理判斷題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式: 1、The writer tells us_. 2、From the story we can see/ learn / say_ 3、According to(根據(jù)) the passage, we know that_ 根據(jù)近幾年閱讀理解的題目類型，中考試題中，仍以主旨大意型和事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型為主，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷為輔。summary學(xué)生中考需要什么？1、詞匯量2、閱讀理解能力3、語(yǔ)言敏感性4、語(yǔ)言

18、準(zhǔn)確性5、思維邏輯性6、心理素質(zhì)研究課標(biāo)、考試說(shuō)明及近幾年中考題，心中有數(shù)，全盤(pán)籌劃精心安排階段性教學(xué)，靈活復(fù)習(xí)。具體如何做？ 試題特點(diǎn)：基礎(chǔ)性、工具性、 教育性、交際性、真實(shí)性、運(yùn)用性、綜合性、開(kāi)放性和時(shí)代性。提高語(yǔ)篇理解能力，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，培養(yǎng)敏銳的洞察力。 閱讀理解的題型： A篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤。正確的填“T”,錯(cuò)誤的填“F”。（共5小題，每小題1分，滿分5分） B 、C兩篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出正確選項(xiàng)。每篇共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）題材: 故事集萃、飲食與健康、校園生活、人物傳記、廣告圖標(biāo)圖 表、自然與環(huán)保、文化風(fēng)

19、俗、科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)、建議勵(lì)志、熱點(diǎn)話題等。體裁: 記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等。 類型一：判斷型 云南近4年判斷正誤型閱讀話題包括事物介紹（7次），哲理故事（3次），人物傳記（3次），幽默故事（2次），環(huán)境保護(hù)（1次），健康（1次），廣告海報(bào)（2次）和家庭教育（1次）。分析云南近4年判斷正誤型閱讀理解，其詞數(shù)在160-230詞之間，主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。 A Some people think that chicken soup is good for a cold. Others believe that it is unhealthy not to eat meat. Th

20、e question is, are they right? Here are some facts. For centuries, people have believed that chicken soup helps to fight a cold. Now, doctors say it may be true. They think that chicken soup has something that stops a cold from getting worse. Heat from the soup can also make a person feel better. Ma

21、ny people think that it is unhealthy not to have meat. 1t is true that meat, especially red meat, has protein(蛋白質(zhì))that the body needs. A person who doesnt eat meat can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs, and some vegetables. A study showed that tea is better than coffee. Tea has

22、something that can protect your heart, fight cancer, and make you less fat. Coffee does not do this. Many people believe that bread and potatoes can easily make people fat. In fact, bread and potatoes do not have fat in them. But eating too much and not exercising can make people fat. Also, adding t

23、hings like butter to them can raise the chance of becoming fat. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤。正確的填“T” 錯(cuò)誤的填“F”，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分) （ ） 51. It is helpful to eat some chicken soup to fight a cold. （ ） 52. To get enough protein and be healthy, people must eat meat. （ ）53. Protein can be found in tofu, eggs

24、 and some vegetables. （ ）54. Tea is better than coffee in fighting cancer. （ ）55. People who like bread and potatoes become fat easily.T細(xì)節(jié)理解題F細(xì)節(jié)理解題TT細(xì)節(jié)理解題F細(xì)節(jié)理解題類型二：選擇型 云南近4年選擇型閱讀話題包括事物介紹（10次），哲理故事（9次），文化交流和差異（8次），情感故事（6次），人物傳記（4次），健康（3次），家庭、社會(huì)教育（3次），環(huán)保（2次），廣告海報(bào)（1次）?？疾旆绞揭约?xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，穿插設(shè)置標(biāo)題歸納題、詞義猜測(cè)題

25、和主旨大意題。 每篇短文詞匯量在180-260字之間，時(shí)代氣息濃，可讀性強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)篇難度適中，文字表達(dá)通俗易懂。 B Sometimes it may seem difficult to improve our health. If so, the following health habits may help you. Eat breakfast every morning. Research shows that if you eat a meal in the morning you may not become too fat or eat too much during lunch.

26、Dating breakfast can help people feel better through the day. Get enough sleep. Poor sleep can influence our memory and learning. It can also cause traffic accident! Studies show that people who dont get enough sleep seem to get into more accidents. So stay safe and get enough sleep! Take a walk eve

27、ry day. Walking is an easy way to exercise. Youd better meet friends for a walk, not for a meal. As you walk, you will see the beautiful world around you. Once you try, you will find that adding a walk into your daily life is very easy. Join social groups. Social groups can provide support. They mig

28、ht include sport teams, art or music groups. The people in the group can offer advice and can help each other in difficult times. Also, being in a group keeps your mind busy. An active mind is a healthy mind! Have a hobby. A hobby could be running, reading or making something with your hands. Hobbie

29、s help people to relax and rest. Hobbies bring us joy as well.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出正確選項(xiàng)，并將所選答案涂到答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上。(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)56. You may have a good memory and learn better if you_ A. eat breakfast every morning B. have a good sleep C. take a walk every day D. join a social groupB細(xì)節(jié)理解題57. If y

30、ou need help and want to help others, youd better _. A. invite your friend to a meal B. make something with your friends C. become a member of a social group D. have a hobbyC細(xì)節(jié)理解題58. Which of the following is TRUE? A. If you have breakfast every morning, youll be fat. B. All the traffic accidents ar

31、e caused by poor sleep. C. To join a social group helps you have a healthy mind. D. Having a hobby is the best way to relax.D推理判斷題59. The passage is mainly written for _. A. students at school B. people who dont like running C. students who never have breakfast D. people who want to improve healthD推

32、理判斷題60. Which is the best title(標(biāo)題)of the passage? A. Ways to Improve Your Health B. Reasons for Keeping healthy C. Good Habits D. Breakfast and ExerciseA標(biāo)題歸納題 C Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new house in Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I wanted very much to s

33、ee his new place and meet his friends. In my earliest memories my father was a tall, handsome and successful man. He loved his work and family, but was uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I was afraid of him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I go

34、t straight As in my study and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to try hard to think up things to say to protect myself. On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch.

35、We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons funny talks. My fathers critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules were gone. He seemed so friendly and interesting to be with us. The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me many storie

36、s about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, Im at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, Im happy with my new friend. My dad, in this new home in Arizona, is back to me from wher

37、e he was. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出正確選項(xiàng)，并將所選答案涂到答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）61. The father was unhappy with the writer because_. A. he didnt like her B. he expected too much of her C. she had a boyfriend D. she was uncomfortable62. The underlined words straight As in Paragraph 2 mean _A_ in Chines

38、e. A. 全優(yōu) B.及格 C.中等 D.不及格63. When the writer went out with his father for a walk on weekends she felt _D_. A. tired B. happy C. satisfied D. nervous64. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona? C A. Strict and hard-working. B. More critical C. Friendly and interesting. D

39、. More successful.65. When the writer says “my new friend” in the last paragraph, she is talking about_B_. A. her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her fathers friend細(xì)節(jié)理解題B推理判斷題詞義猜測(cè)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞語(yǔ)理解題2015年云南省中考閱讀理解的命題趨勢(shì)： 選材側(cè)重科學(xué)文化、生活哲理等； 閱讀量可能逐漸增多，知識(shí)面逐步拓寬，難度系數(shù)逐年加大；題目設(shè)置包含直接理解、間接理解、綜合分析題。1、快速瀏覽。2、帶著問(wèn)題，找答案。

40、 （找出處、劃線）3、仔細(xì)斟酌不確定的答案。4、核對(duì)。（總體把握） 閱讀理解答題步驟 如何才能巧答閱讀理解題呢？可以采取以下幾種應(yīng)試技巧和解題步驟：注意：先看試題,然后帶著問(wèn)題再看文章.閱讀理解的復(fù)習(xí)：結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際情況，進(jìn)行具體的指導(dǎo)和有針對(duì)性的學(xué)習(xí)，鞏固所學(xué)，彌補(bǔ)不足，實(shí)現(xiàn)各自在原有基礎(chǔ)上的進(jìn)步?！皩W(xué)什么，考什么”, 全面復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能，熟記課本詞匯。有意識(shí)、有計(jì)劃地增加英語(yǔ)閱讀量，題材、體裁多樣化.訓(xùn)練學(xué)生閱讀理解的解題方法與技巧：略讀全文，抓住話題，掌握主旨大意。尋讀，閱讀題目，帶著問(wèn)題到短文中尋找相關(guān)段落或句子。研讀，找到相關(guān)段落和語(yǔ)句，認(rèn)真斟酌，透過(guò)表層結(jié)構(gòu)，領(lǐng)會(huì)深層含義。復(fù)讀，內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，避免錯(cuò)誤或疏漏。Misunderstandings:誤區(qū)一：重字詞輕語(yǔ)篇誤區(qū)二：重興趣輕學(xué)習(xí) 誤區(qū)三：重聽(tīng)說(shuō)輕讀寫(xiě)誤區(qū)四：重朗讀輕默讀 許多同學(xué)在做閱讀理解部分時(shí)，最大感受就是時(shí)間緊、答題項(xiàng)迷惑性大，因而很難