住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thepresidentplacedawreathonthemonumenttotheheroesandthenmadeaspeechtopay（）tothegreatachievementsofthemartyrs.

問題1選項

A.compliment

B.gratitude

C.tribute

D.commendation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:compliment“恭維；敬意”；B:gratitude“感激”；C:tribute“致敬；悼念”；D:commendation“表揚(yáng)；嘉獎狀”。句意：總統(tǒng)在紀(jì)念碑上放了一個花圈敬給英雄們，然后，發(fā)表講話，以致敬烈士的偉大成就。根據(jù)語境和句意，C最合適。

2.填空題

Filleachofthenumberedblanksinthefollowingpassagewithonesuitableword.

Fromthebeginning,waterhasfurnishedmanwithasourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstarose（1）waterwasadominantelementintheenvironment,achallenge（2）man'singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe365（3）.calendarinresponse（4）theNile'sannualflooding.TheBabylonians,whowereamong（5）mostfamouslaw-makers（6）antiquity,devisededictsregulatingwaterusage.WaterinspiredtheChinese（7）builda1,000milecanal,acomplexsystem（8）,afternearly2,500years,（9）stillpartlyinuseandstillcommandstheaweofengineers.Buttheancientsneverfoundcompletesolutions（10）theirwaterproblems.TheHwangHo,orYellowRiverisalsoknown（11）"China'sSorrow";itissoerraticanddangerous（12）inasinglefloodithascausedmilliondeaths.FloodshazardedthegreatcivilizationoftheIndusRivervalley,andinadequatedrainageruinedmuch（13）itslanD.Today（14）dominatesmanasitalwayshas（15）.Itspresencecontinuestogovernthelocationofhishomesandcities;itstempestuousvariabilitycankill（16）orhisherdsorhiscrops;itsrouteslinkhimto（17）fellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd（18）.alreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamples（19）thisinour（20）time.

【答案】1.where

2.to

3.day

4.to

5.the

6.in

7.to

8.which

9.remains

10.to

11.as

12.that

13.of

14.water

15.done

16.man

17.his

18.his

19.of

20.own

【解析】1.考查狀語從句。此處大意為：第一次發(fā)生在水在環(huán)境中占主導(dǎo)地位的地方。空格前是動詞，空格后為一個句子，結(jié)合句意和語境得知正確答案為where。

2.考查固定搭配。achallengeto...“對……的挑戰(zhàn)”。

3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日歷”可知應(yīng)該填入day。

4.考查固定搭配。inresponseto“對……做出反應(yīng)”。

5.考查最高級。most修飾形容詞表示最高級，和the搭配。

6.考查介詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“antiquity古代”，以及空格前為完整句子，因此填入in，表示時間。

7.考查介詞。介詞to與后文動詞構(gòu)成不定式，空格前是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

8.考查定語從句?？崭袂笆敲~結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后是缺乏主語的句子，結(jié)合語境，填入which構(gòu)成定語從句。

9.考查動詞。根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)，由and并列，此處應(yīng)是與commands構(gòu)成并列謂語動詞，根據(jù)后文stillpartlyinuse可知此處最佳答案為remains。

10.考查固定搭配。solutionto“解決……的辦法/方法”。

11.考查固定搭配。beknownas“被稱之為……”。

12.考查固定搭配so...that...“如此……以致于”。

13.考查詞組。muchof“大量，許多的”。

14.考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文，此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。

15.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，應(yīng)填入done。

16.考查名詞。根據(jù)后文的or和his可知應(yīng)填入man。

17.考查代詞，根據(jù)前文提到hisherdsorhiscrops判斷出此處填入his。

18.考查詞組。addto“增加，加強(qiáng)”。

19.考查介詞。前文example和后文this表示所屬，因此填of。

20.考查代詞/形容詞。根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞inour...time，以及句意：我們自己的時代，可知此處填own“自己的；特有的”。

3.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

科學(xué)這個詞似乎具有某種魅力。它一旦被提出，就應(yīng)該立即得到認(rèn)可，而不允許有任何可能的討論。這種需要人們立即認(rèn)可的情況出現(xiàn)在廣告中，但是基本上不合情理。要知道，科學(xué)不是一種信條，也不是神靈向人類揭示物。它是人類思維的產(chǎn)物，因此是可以討論和修正的?？茖W(xué)絕無絕對真理，通常只有相對性。它以人的觀察和經(jīng)騎為基礎(chǔ)，對人類知識進(jìn)行邏輯性的總結(jié)，然而人的觀察和經(jīng)騎總是有限的而且缺少一定的精確性。至于那些用來對經(jīng)驗事實進(jìn)行歸類的邏輯則完全是我們大腦的產(chǎn)物。我們選擇我們認(rèn)為有著邏輯聯(lián)系的實驗結(jié)果，而忽略許多不符合我們自己“邏輯”的事實。這種相當(dāng)人為的選擇結(jié)果是我們自己的事。對此，我們非常得意，以至于主張這些人為選擇的結(jié)果應(yīng)該被當(dāng)作“自然規(guī)律”來對待。

【答案】Theword-science-seemstocontainsomemagicpower.Ifputforward,itshouldbringaboutimmediateconsent,withnopossiblediscussion.Thissituationisexploitedforadvertisement,butitisbasicallyunsounD.ScienceisnotacreeD.Itwasnotrevealedtomanbysomesuperiordeity.Scienceisaproductofthehumanbrain,andassuch,itisalwaysopentodiscussionandpossiblerevision.Thereisnoabsolutetruthinit:ratherrelativityisitsrule.Itrepresentsalogicalsummaryofhumanknowledge,basedonhumanobservationandexperience,bothofwhicharealwaysoflimitedrangeandfiniteaccuracy.Asforthelogicintroducedintotheclassificationofempiricalfacts,itistypicallyaproductofourbrain.Weselectexperimentalresultsthatappeartousaslogicallyconnecttogether,andweignoremanyfactsthatdonotfitintoour-logiC.Thisratherartificialprocedureisourowninventionandwearesoproudofitthatweinsistitsresultsshouldbeconsideredas-lawsofnature.

4.單選題

Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally（）becauseofthebadweather.

問題1選項

A.setoff

B.brokeoff

C.wornoff

D.calledoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A:setoff“出發(fā)；（使）開始”；B:brokeoff“突然停止”；C:wornoff“磨損”；D:calledoff“取消”。句意：原定于上星期五舉行的運(yùn)動會，由于天氣不好，最終取消。結(jié)合語境，可知D為正確答案。

5.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.

問題1選項

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:admitted“承認(rèn)”；B:acknowledged“鳴謝；承認(rèn)”；C:absorbed“吸收”；D:considered“考慮”。句意：在這家工廠里，建議往往要等上幾個月才能完全被采納。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

6.單選題

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.meditate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔細(xì)想；回憶；反省”；B:supposeon“猜想”；C:speculateon“推測；猜測；推斷”；D:meditateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜測到他訪問的動機(jī)，因為我們多年來一直沒有談過話。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里所指的是猜測、推測，因此C最合適。

7.單選題

Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan（）thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.

問題1選項

A.optimize

B.maximize

C.minimize

D.allocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:optimize“使最優(yōu)化；使盡可能有效”；B:maximize“最大化”；C:minimize“最小化”；D:allocate“分配”。句意：市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的最大優(yōu)勢是它能最優(yōu)化自然資源和人力的分配。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢，以及賓語“distribution分配”可知，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout（）.

2.Theexpression"playsafe"probablymeans（）.

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat（）.

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher'sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis（）.

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B.theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C.thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D.thenecessityofteachingspelling

問題2選項

A.towritecarefully

B.todoasteacherssay

C.Iousedictionariesfrequently

D.toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

問題3選項

A.studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B.teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C.studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D.studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.unfair

C.foolish

D.careless

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B.thecomplexitiesofspelling

C.thecorrectwayofmarkingcompositions

D.therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thereare，however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”，中文翻譯為“然而，對于怎么來教拼寫或者是從提高整個語言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來說，把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法?！币约啊癟heproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.”中文翻譯為：“所存在的問題是，在寫作當(dāng)中怎樣鼓勵孩子不要讓復(fù)雜的拼寫來影響他流暢地，自信地表達(dá)自己的思想?！蓖茢喑鼋虒W(xué)分歧在于怎樣教授拼寫、以及把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位。結(jié)合語境，B選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage”，中文翻譯為“如果字的拼寫成為老師關(guān)心的唯一焦點，很明顯，聰明的孩子很可能就會為‘保險起見’，只寫一些他會寫的字，避免因冒險而出錯的語言?！笨梢酝茰y出D選項“避免用他/她不確定的內(nèi)容”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干theuseofdictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.”中文翻譯為“他只寫一些他會寫的字，避免因冒險而出錯的語言。那就是為什么老師常常鼓勵學(xué)生很早就要使用字典，而且寫作時重視內(nèi)容而非拼寫技能?？梢酝茰y出A選項“學(xué)生能更自由地表達(dá)自己的想法”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil'stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechildsdeepfeelings”中文翻譯為“這對于一個學(xué)生的寫作技能也許是一次尖銳的批評，但它同時也悲哀地反映出那位老師忽視了去閱讀一篇包含了表達(dá)孩子內(nèi)心感情的文章?！币约昂笪摹癟heteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors...雖然老師注意到了這些問題并沒有錯……”可以得知B選項符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。原文前面提出“Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”，中文翻譯為“然而，對于怎么來教拼寫或者是從提高整個語言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來說，把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法?！焙竺鎰t寫道：注意拼寫會限制學(xué)生寫文章，但是不注意拼寫會造成作文的拼寫錯誤。綜合考慮，可以推測出D選項正確。

9.單選題

I’m（）ongoingtothatflowershow.IbelievetherearesomespecimensofCarationthatI’minterestedin.

問題1選項

A.keen

B.acute

C.shrewd

D.enthusiastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。bekeenondoingsth.表示“渴望;熱切;熱衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感興趣的標(biāo)本。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

10.單選題

Aftercompletingthebigdictionarywhichwaspopularlyreceivedbyreaders,thisfamousscholarsetouttocompilea（）toit.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.supplement

C.accessory

D.helper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足物”；B:supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”；C:accessory“附件”；D:helper“助手”。句意：在完成了這部被讀者普遍接受的大字典之后，這位著名的學(xué)者打算對其補(bǔ)充。根據(jù)句意判斷出B為正確答案。

11.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A:skeptical“懷疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲觀的”；C:incredulous“懷疑的”；D:incredible“難以相信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因為他們很少說實話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實話，判斷出選項D為正確答案。

12.單選題

Whenthejurybroughtina（）ofguilt,thedefendantwhowasoverwhelminglyarrogantseveralminutesagodroopedhishead.

問題1選項

A.judgment

B.appraisal

C.verdict

D.conviction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:judgment“判斷”；B:appraisal“評價”；C:verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D:conviction“頂嘴，證明有罪”。句意：陪審團(tuán)拿著判罪裁決書進(jìn)來時，幾分鐘之前還相當(dāng)自大的被告低下了他的頭。結(jié)合句意，選C。

13.單選題

I（）himatonceasanAmericanwhenhesteppedontothestagewiththreeotheractors.

問題1選項

A.regarded

B.deemed

C.spotted

D.discerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析A:regard“把……認(rèn)作”；B:deem“看做，認(rèn)為”；C:spot“認(rèn)出”；D:discern“識別，看出”。句意：當(dāng)他和其他三個演員一起登上舞臺時，我立即就認(rèn)出他是美國人了。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

14.單選題

Present-dayphilosophersusuallyenvisiontheirdisciplineasanendeavorthathasbeensinceantiquity,distinctfromandsuperiortoanyparticularintellectualdiscipline,suchastheologyorscience.Suchphilosophicalconcernsasthemind-bodyproblemor,moregenerally,thenatureofhumanknowledge,theybelieve,arebasichumanquestionswhosetentativephilosophicalsolutionshaveservedasthenecessaryfoundationsonwhichallotherintellectualspeculationhasrested.

Thebasisforthisview,however,liesinaseriousmisinterpretationofthepast,aprojectionofmodernconcernsontopastevents.Theideaofautonomousdisciplinecalled"philosophy",distinctfromandsittinginjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscience,turnsout,oncloseexamination,tobeofquiterecentorigin.When,intheseventeenth,century,DescartesandHohbesrejectedmedievalphilosophy,theydidnotthinkofthemselves,asmodernphilosophersdo,asproposinganewandbetterphilosophy,butratherasfurthering"thewarfarebetweenscienceandtheology".Theywerefighting,albeitdiscreetly,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtoliberateintellectuallifefromecclesiastical-philosophy,andenvisionedtheirworkascontributingtothegrowth,notofphilosophy,butofresearchinmathematicsandphysics.Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscience,provokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.

Thedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,thatphilosophy'scoreinterestshouldbeepistemology,thegeneralexplanationofwhatitmeanstoknowsomething:ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatlesstoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltinto

thestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.Withouttheideaofepistemology,thesurvivalofphilosophyinanageofmodernscienceishardstoimagine.Metaphysicsphilosophy'straditionalcore-consideredasthemostgeneraldescriptionofhowtheheavensandtheearthareputtogether-hadbeenrenderedalmostcompletelymeaninglessbythespectacularprogressofphysics.Kant,however,byfocusingphilosophyontheproblemofknowledge,managedtoreplacemetaphysicswithepistemology,andthustotransformthenotionofphilosophyas"queenofsciences"intothenewnotionofphilosophyasaseparate,foundationaldiscipline:Philosophybecame"primarynolongerinthesenseof"highest"butinthesenseof"underlying".AfterKant,philosopherswereabletoreinterpretseventeenth-andeighteenth-centurythinkersasattemptingtodiscover"Howisourknowledgepossible"andtoprojectthisquestionbackevenontheancients.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,philosophybecamedistinctfromscienceandtheologyduringthe（）.

2.TheauthorsuggeststhatDescartes'supportforthenewscienceoftheseventeenthcenturycanbecharacterizedas（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingindiscussingthedevelopmentofphilosophyduringthenineteenthcentury?

4.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthewritingofhistorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

5.Theprimaryfunctionofthepassageasawholeisto（）.

問題1選項

A.ancientperiod

B.medievalperiod

C.seventeenthcentury

D.nineteenthcentury

問題2選項

A.pragmaticandhypocritical

B.cautiousandinconsistent

C.daringandopportunistic

D.strongbutprudent

問題3選項

A.Nineteenthcenturyphilosophytookscience'asitsmodelforunderstandingthebasesof

B.Theroleofacademicinstitutionsinshapingmetaphysicalphilosophygrewenormouslyduringthenineteenthcentury.

C.NineteenthcenturyphilosopherscarriedoutaprogramofinvestigationexplicitlylaidoutbyDescartesandSpinoza

D.Kanthadanoverwhelmingimpactonthedirectionofnineteenthcenturyphilosophy.

問題4選項

A.Historyshouldnotemphasizetheroleplayedbyideasovertheroleplayedbyindividuals

B.Historyshouldnotbedistortedbyattributingpresent-dayconsciousnesstohistoricalfigures

C.Historyshouldnotbefocusedprimarilyonthosepasteventsmostrelevanttothepresent

D.History,shouldbeconcernedwithdescribingthoseaspectsofthepastthatdiffermostfromthoseofthepresent

問題5選項

A.comparetwocompetingmodels.

B.analyzeadifficulttheory

C.presentnewevidenceforatheory

D.correctanerroneousbeliefbydescribing

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscienceprovokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.”中文翻譯為：哲學(xué)家關(guān)注科學(xué)實踐，這種聯(lián)系一直持續(xù)到十九世紀(jì)，教會對學(xué)術(shù)的影響力衰退以及自然科學(xué)界的變化，導(dǎo)致哲學(xué)與二者的最終分道揚(yáng)鑣?！币约啊癟hedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,...”，中文翻譯為：哲學(xué)與科學(xué)的分家，得益于十九世紀(jì)早期發(fā)展起來的一種新觀點……可以得知D選項符合題意。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。因此，此題用排除法可以選出D項。文中說到笛卡爾和霍布斯對中世紀(jì)哲學(xué)的態(tài)度是拒斥的rejected，因為當(dāng)時的哲學(xué)受神學(xué)影響太大，后來的人類歷史證明科學(xué)是人類的發(fā)展方向，所以說笛卡爾當(dāng)年的支持是prudent的，至于strong，找不到直接的證據(jù)，只知道他們是明確反對神學(xué)的，推測和妥協(xié)地選了strong。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatleasttoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.”中文翻譯為：現(xiàn)代的哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為這個概念至少可以追溯到笛卡爾和斯賓諾莎，但十八世紀(jì)晚期的康德是第一個明確表述這種觀點的人，且這個概念進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)體系結(jié)構(gòu)以及哲學(xué)教授普遍將其加入自述，要等到十九世紀(jì)晚期。以及“Withouttheideaofepistemology,thesurvivalofphilosophyinanageofmodernscienceishardtoimagine.”，中文翻譯為：沒有認(rèn)識論的概念，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)時代可能就沒有哲學(xué)了。可以得知D選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。原文最開始寫道：哲學(xué)自古就獨(dú)立于或高于其他學(xué)科，這觀點是一種對歷史的誤讀，是現(xiàn)代觀點對歷史的投射。因此說明作者并不認(rèn)同這種理解歷史的方式，后面作者詳細(xì)說明了為什么哲學(xué)并非一直高于和獨(dú)立于其他學(xué)科，以及是誰給哲學(xué)的定位帶來了它今天被公認(rèn)的地位。由此綜合而知，B項“歷史(研究或?qū)懽?不該把當(dāng)代觀點歸于(投射)歷史人物”正確。

5.推理判斷題。原文寫道：當(dāng)今的哲學(xué)家經(jīng)常把自己的學(xué)科想象成，從古代起就一直獨(dú)立于和高于其他任何一門知識學(xué)科。然而這種觀點基于一種對歷史的嚴(yán)重誤讀，是一種現(xiàn)代觀點對歷史事件的投射。作者在后文對哲學(xué)晚期才興起進(jìn)行解釋分析。因此，綜合考慮，文章主要是為了D項“通過描述糾正錯誤的信念”。

15.單選題

Infact,theU.SCongress（）totheBritishParliamentastheybothhavetherighttomakelaws.

問題1選項

A.agrees

B.corresponds

C.matches

D.coincides

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:agree“同意”；B:corresponds(to)“相當(dāng)于”；C:match“匹配”；D:;coincide“一致”。句意：事實上，美國國會相當(dāng)于英國議會，因為它們在制定法律方面權(quán)力相同。此處使用固定搭配coincidewith，故B為正確答案。

16.單選題

Hehasbeen（）alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

問題1選項

A.employing

B.exerting

C.endeavoring

D.aspiring

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“給……施加壓力”。句意：他對我施加了很大的壓力，要求我改變主意。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

17.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe"allthingstoallpeople".Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrow-mindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,"thenation'scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentialsthaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents."Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapingan"integratedcore"ofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudents"toessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus."

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved"Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost."Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreetenure,promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultysaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobeallthingstoallpeople(Lines1,ParA.1),itaimsto（）.

2.Bysayingthat"intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext"(Para.1)theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas（）.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat（）.

4.WhydidAmericancollegesanduniversitiesfailtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthe

passagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentsatthesametime

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項

A.ignorestheactualdanger

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonhumanity

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項

A.anarrow-mindedcareerismhascometodominatemanycollege

B.studentsdon'thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn.

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項

A.Becausemostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.Becausetheinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.Becausetherearenotenoughhardworkingstudents

D.Becausetheyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項

A.fanaticalsupportfromthegovernment

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledgeonly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞allthingstoallpeople可以定位到文章第一段中“Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrow-mindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”中文翻譯為“在這樣做的過程中，他們越來越傾向于狹隘的職業(yè)主義，卻未能在學(xué)生中培養(yǎng)出全球視野?！币约啊癝tudentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.”，中文翻譯為：“學(xué)生們可以選擇各種不同的方式，并允許他們選擇某種程度的課程?！笨梢酝茢喑鯟選項：鼓勵學(xué)生研習(xí)盡可能多的課程是其目的。

2.推理判斷題。由題干中的intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext可以定位到文章第一段中“……skills,ratherthanmeans,havebecomeends”中文大意為“學(xué)習(xí)的目的是獲得技能，而不是獲得某種方法?！边M(jìn)一步解釋說明了題干這一部分，因此判斷出B選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。讀完第一段可知，因為迎合找工作的需要，現(xiàn)在美國的許多大學(xué)里出現(xiàn)了教學(xué)危機(jī)。意味著僅僅為了尋找工作這種狹隘的思想支配了很多大學(xué)的教學(xué)方向。結(jié)合語境，A選項“一種狹隘的職業(yè)主義已經(jīng)占據(jù)了許多大學(xué)的主導(dǎo)地位”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章中“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，中文翻譯為“.雖然一個好的大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵是高質(zhì)量的教師，卡內(nèi)基的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是大多數(shù)大學(xué)很少鼓勵良好的教學(xué)?！?，“Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.”，中文翻譯為：“事實上，它們起到了很大的破壞作用。”以及“Asoneprofessorobserved:Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，中文翻譯為：“正如一位教授所說：我們被告知，教學(xué)很重要，但教師們知道，研究和出版是最重要的?！笨梢缘弥狣選項：因為他們更重視研究和出版，而不是教學(xué)，最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞high-qualitycollegeeducation可以定位到文章中“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,.…”中文翻譯為“雖然要想成為一所好大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵是高素質(zhì)的教師”以及“Asoneprofessorobserved:Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，中文翻譯為：“正如一位教授所說：我們被告知，教學(xué)很重要，但教師們知道，研究和出版是最重要的?！笨赏茢喑瞿壳罢且驗椴蛔⒅亟虒W(xué)注重研究，才會使得一半學(xué)生難以畢業(yè)。結(jié)合語境，B選項：“對學(xué)生的義務(wù)與有效的教學(xué)”最符合。

18.單選題

Afterhavingbeendismissedfromthefactory,Johnhadtoearnameagerlivingby（）televisionsets.

問題1選項

A.overhauling

B.patching

C.servicing

D.remedying

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:overhaul"分解檢查”；B:patch“修理，接通”；C:service“服務(wù)”；D:remedy“修補(bǔ)，彌補(bǔ)”。句意：在離開工廠之后，約翰不得不靠修電視來賺取微薄的收入。結(jié)合此處語義，B為正確答案。

19.單選題

OnmanyissuesJohnandMaryfoundthemselvesseriously（）.

問題1選項

A.atodds

B.atrandom

C.atintervals

D.athaphazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:atodds“爭執(zhí)；不一致”；B:atrandom“隨機(jī)地”；C:atintervals“不時”；D:athaphazard“偶然地”。句意：約翰和瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己在許多問題上不一致。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

20.單選題

Themobwas（）bythefieryspeechandthentheymarcheddownthemainstreet,andsetmanyChinesestoresonfire.

問題1選項

A.wakened

B.aroused

C.inspired

D.agitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:wake“喚醒”；B:arouse“引起，喚醒”；C:inspire“鼓舞，激發(fā)”；D:agitate“動搖，煽動，使激動”。句意：暴民被激烈的演說煽動，紛紛走上街頭，把很多中國的商店點著了。根據(jù)句意和關(guān)鍵詞：暴民、激烈的演說可知D為正確答案。

21.單選題

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatus---thetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentof