英語名詞改復(fù)數(shù)的方法英語名詞改復(fù)數(shù)的方法英語名詞改復(fù)數(shù)的方法英語名詞改復(fù)數(shù)的方法編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則和讀音：1．一般在名詞的詞尾加“s”，清輔音后讀/s/濁輔音和元音后讀/z/例如：books,pens,classrooms，map-maps，boy-boys，girl-girls，pen-pens等等。cats貓rooms房間horses馬trees樹roses玫瑰2．以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加“es”，讀/iz/例如：classes,boxes,brushes,dishes,watches,buses，classes，foxes，lashes鞭子，pushes推力，branches樹枝、分支，matches火柴、比賽，coaches教練，gases氣體，asses驢子但也有例外，如：stomach—stomachs等等。

3．以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的名詞應(yīng)改“y”為“i”，再加“es”，讀/z/例如：cities,universities)，factories，baby---babies，city-cities，country-countries，families家庭，ponies小馬但以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：twoMarys，theHenrys，monkey---monkeys，holiday---holidays，boys,toys4．以“f”和“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞應(yīng)改“f”和“fe”為“ves”例如：shelf—shelves架子，knife—knives，leaf---leaves葉，wolf---wolves狼，wife---wives妻子life---lives，thief---thieves小偷，calf---calves小牛，half---halves一半但也有例外如：roof—roofs屋頂，cliff—cliffs（懸崖），hoof—hoofs（馬蹄），belief—beliefs（信仰），chief—chiefs（首領(lǐng)），proof—proofs(證明)，safe—safes(保險(xiǎn)箱)，reef—reefs(礁)，gulf---gulfs海灣還有一些該類名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種變化形式的例如：scarf—scarfs/scarves（頭巾）,dwarf—dwarfs/dwarves（矮子）,wharf—wharfs/wharves(碼頭),handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)等等。

5．以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加“es”例如：hero—heroes英語,echo—echoes(回音)，potato—potatoes馬鈴薯，tomato—tomatoes西紅柿，mango---mangoes芒果，volcano---volcanoes火山，negro---negroes黑人，cargo---cargoes貨物，buffalo---buffaloes水牛，mosquito---mosquitoes蚊子但以字母o結(jié)尾的外來詞或縮寫詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是只加S，例如：zoo—zoos,radio—radios,piano—pianos鋼琴,photo—photos,memo—memos(備忘錄),solo—solos(獨(dú)唱、獨(dú)奏),kilo—kilos(公斤)，kimono—kimonos（和服），bamboo---bamboos竹子，kangaroo---kangaroos袋鼠，mulatto---mulattos白黑混血兒

，6.如果名詞結(jié)尾是一個(gè)元音(即a,e,i,o,u)加y，那只則在單數(shù)詞后加一個(gè)s就行了。

playplays戲劇

wayways小路

valleyvalleys山谷

donkey

donkeys驢

toytoys玩具

boyboys男孩

guyguys伙計(jì)

7、下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也很特殊：analysis

analyses分析basisbases基礎(chǔ)parenthesis

parentheses圓括號(hào)datum

data

數(shù)據(jù)mediummedia/mediums媒介formulaformulae/formulas公式memorandummemoranda/memorandums備忘錄phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象

goosegeese

鵝toothteeth牙齒footfeet

腳，尺

manmen男人womanwomenmousemice老鼠louselice虱子

radiusradii半徑

8、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)形式：

abscence缺席

clothing服裝

film膠片

help幫助

furniture家具

machinery機(jī)械

news新聞

scenery

風(fēng)景

sugar糖

traffic交通

9、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多：bellows風(fēng)箱clothes

衣物shorts短褲trousers長褲spectacles眼鏡scissors剪刀shears

大剪刀police

警察(通稱)wages工資三、不規(guī)則變化主要有下面幾種：

1．變?cè)衾纾簃an—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice(老鼠),louse—lice（跳蚤）child---children

注意：⑴、與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。

⑵、German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；⑶、Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。2．加(r)en例如：ox—oxen,child—children，brother——brethren兄弟3．單、復(fù)數(shù)同形例如：sheep,fish,deer,carp(鯉魚),Chinese,Japanese,aircraft(飛機(jī)),means(方法),deer鹿cannon大炮，salmon鮭魚，trout鱒魚注意：除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers4．外來詞例如：crisis--crises(危機(jī)),basis--bases(基礎(chǔ))，analysis—analyses(分析)，phenomenon—phenomena(現(xiàn)象)四、特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式

1．一些不可數(shù)名詞，如waters、teas等的復(fù)數(shù)形式可表種類，譯：

各種各樣的……，例如：Ihavemanyteasathome.

我家有許多種茶。

2．具體化的名詞，如cloth、paper等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，可用來表示某種特殊用途的東西例如：Pleasepassmea(table)cloth（桌布、臺(tái)布）sothatIcancleanthetable.Icanseemanysweetpapers（糖果紙）onthegroundaftertheparty.

3．一些抽象名詞，如thanks;wishes;congratulations;regards；greetings和cheers等用在英語句子里面時(shí)必須固定地使用復(fù)數(shù)形式例如：Bestwishestoyou!Pleasegivemybestregards/greetingstoyourparents.4．一些數(shù)字，如1920’s或1920s的，表示20世紀(jì)20年代例如：Inthe1920s,hewenttoaEuropeancountry.Hewasborninthe1960’s.5．整十的數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如thirties,eighties可表示“幾十歲”例如：HejoinedthePartyinhisthirties.

他三十幾歲時(shí)入黨。6．英文字母，如b’s、f’s、s’(后面的“s”可以被省略)，的復(fù)數(shù)形式例如：Intheword“differ”,therearetwof’s.Wemustpaymuchattentiontothes’attheendofthewords.7．人名，如Mary、John等可以表示“幾個(gè)……的人”例如：TherearetwoJohnsinourclass,butinthewholeschool,therearesix.8．姓氏，如Black,Green等可以表示一家人或者夫妻例如：Afterdinner,theBlacksareusuallywatchingTVathome.五、復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般可以分為以下幾種：

1．一般在最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加-s或-es例如：film-goers(常看電影的人)、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（溫室、暖房）、go-betweens（中間人）、grown-ups（成年人），maid-servant--maid-servan女仆，step-son--step-sons繼子

2．在主體名詞末加-s例如：lookers-on（旁觀者）、passers-by（過路人）、sons-in-law（女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳婦）、gentlemen-at-arms（侍衛(wèi)官）、ladies-in-waiting（侍女、宮女），coat-of-mail--coats-of-mail甲胄，father-in-law--fathers-in-law岳父，man-of-war--men-of-war兵艦

3．兩個(gè)成分都加變復(fù)數(shù)，一般是與man構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞例如：men-doctors（男醫(yī)生）、womenworkers（女工人），但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。但英、美國家的人不用lady來搭配復(fù)數(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼛в休p視的語氣。而含boy或girl的復(fù)合名詞中，boy和girl都不用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：boy-students（男學(xué)生）、girlnurses（女護(hù)士）、boyfriends（男朋友）、girlmonitors女班長六、特殊形式

1．集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以說aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle.注意：theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。

如：TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。2．以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a.maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b.news為不可數(shù)名詞。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。3．另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，例如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。thekeys:1．D

2．D

3．C

4．C

5．A

6．C

7．A

8．D

9．C

10．D

11．C

12．A

13．D

14．B

15．B

16．B

17．B

18．C

19．C

20．B

21．C

22．A

23．D

24．C

25．A

26．A

27．C

28．C

29．D

30．B

31．C

32．C

33．B

34．C35．A

36．C

37．C

38．B

39．B

40．C

41．D

42．A

43．D

44．B

45．A

46．B

47．D

48．B

49．C

50．B

51．C

52．A

53．D

54．C

55．A

56．D

57．A

58．C

59．D

60．B

61．C

62．B63．B

64．D

65．B

66．C

67．C

68．D

69．D

70．A七、習(xí)題：waseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.

a．

littlewage

b.fewwage

c.wage

d.wagesofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.a.

anash

b.theash

c.ash

d.ashesstudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.a.

manypreparations

b.muchpreparation

c.preparations

d.preparationin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.a.

oil

b.anoil

c.oils

d.theoiltheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.a.

much

b.lotsof

c.agreatdealof

d.manylargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.a.

ofgreatexpense

b.atagreatexpense

c.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpenseroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.newfurniture

c.muchnewfurnituresnewfurniture

d.manynewfurnitureswaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.a.roomsnumber

b.roomnumber

c.room’snumbers

d.roomnumberscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.

agreatmany…many

c.much…agreatdeal

b.agreatdealof…much

d.many…agreatmanydidn’tknow_____hehadbeengiven.a.

howmanyinformation

c.howmanyinformationsb.

thenumberofinformation

d.howmuchinformationinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.a.

comrade-in-arms

rades-in-armb.

comrades-in-arms

rade-in-armthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.

womendoctors

c.womandoctorsb.

womendoctor

d.womandoctortenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.a.

growns-ups

c.growns-upb.

grown-up

d.grown-upspoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.a.

stander-by

c.standers-byb.

stander-bys

d.standers-bysNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.

c.prisoners-of-war

d.prisoner-of-warmanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.a.

newreel

b.newsreel

c.new-reels

d.newsreels’sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.

a.eldersister

b.eldersister’s

c.eldersisters

d.eldersistersdressthepeopleattheconferenceare______.

a.mathematicteachers

c.mathematicsteacherteachers

d.mathematic’steachersMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.a.

someproperty

pertiesb.

someproperties

perty_____withmatterandmotion.a.

deal

b.deals

c.dealing

d.arehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.a.

have

b.havebeen

c.is

d.arehecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.a.

father-in-law’s

c.father’s-in-lawb.

father-in-law

d.father’s-in-law’stoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.a.

manyJackfriends

c.manyJack’sfriendb.

Jack’smanyfriends

d.manyfriendsofJack’shadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner.

b.barbers

c.barber’s

d.barbers’eveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.a.

PeterandHelen’s

c.PeterandHelenb.

PeterandHelens

d.Peter’sandHelen’sreceivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun’senergy.a.

Theearth’ssurface

c.Thesurfaceofearthb.

Thesurfaceearth

d.Theearthsurfacematerialsareavailableto______.a.

todayofdesigners

c.today’sofdesignersb.

today’sdesigners

d.todaydesignersdidyouspeaktoPeterthatwayDon’tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______a.

mybrother

b.mybrothers

c.mybrother’s

d.mybrother’sfriendisawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.a.

ThisJohn’soldfriend

c.That’sJahn’soldfriendb.

ThisoldfriendofJohn

d.ThisoldfriendofJohn’sistoomuchforalittleboytocarry.bike’sweight

c.Theweightofabikeweightsofabike

d.Bile’sweightthereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.a.

little

b.much

c.alargenumberof

d.alargeamountoftheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.a.

onlyfewseats

b.averyfewseats

c.onlyafewseats

d.soafewseatstravelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.a.

Alittlemail

b.Apieceofmail

c.Amail

d.AsmallmailDepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.a.

anewequipment

c.newequipmentsb.

anewpieceofequipment

d.newpiecesofequipmentsboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.a.

littleimprovement

c.manyimprovementsb.

alittleimprovement

d.fewimprovements’smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.a.

onlyafew

b.onlyfew

c.onlyalittle

d.onlylittlecountrycanaffordtoneglect______.a.

aneducation

cations

cation

d.theeducationwritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.a.

eighthchapter

b.chaptereight

c.eightchapter

d.chaptertheeightisonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys’andapes’.a.

Theintelligentdog

c.Theintelligenceofdogsb.

Thedogswhoseintelligence

d.Thedogsbeingintelligent______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.a.

businessstudent

b.business’sstudents

c.businessstudents

d.business’sstudentanywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.a.

Threeminutescall

c.Athree-minutescallb.

Three-minutecall

d.Athree-minutecall______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.a.

public’schiefconcern

c.chiefpublicconcernb.

publicchiefconcern

d.chiefconcernofpublic’sthefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.a.

Chinesewere

b.TheChinesewas

c.Chinesewas

d.TheChinesewerecangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.a.

Looker-on

b.Lookers-on

c.Looker-ons

c.Lookers-onsgroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.a.

were

b.havebeen

c.was

d.hasbeenlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.a.

is

b.are

c.be

d.beenofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.a.

muchoftomorrowfood

c.manyoftomorrow’sfoodb.

muchofthefoodoftomorrow

d.muchoftomorrow’sfoodisanorphanbuthereceived______.a.

verygoodeducation

c.averygoodeducationb.

verygoodeducations

d.manygoodeducationsseveralday’shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.a.

muchimprovement

c.manyimprovementb.

severalimprovements

d.someimprovementboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.a.

shoesshop

b.shoeshop

c.shoes’sshop

d.shoe’s,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.a.

largenumber

b.alargenumber

c.ahighamount

d.thehighamounthasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.a.

research

b.aresearch

c.researches

d.theresearches,hehaslostallhis______.a.

wageandsavingatcard

c.wagesandsavingatcardb.

wagesandsavingsatcard

d.wagesandsavingsatcardscountry’swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.a.

herdofcattle

b.heardofcattles

c.herdsofcattle

d.herdsofcattlesBritainthe______areallpaintedred.a.

letterboxes

b.lettersbox

c.lettersboxes

d.letters’sboxyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.a.

alittlewhitehair

c.afewwhitehairb.

somewhitehair

d.muchwhitehairhis______farfromsatisfactiona.

conductis

b.conductare

c.conductsis

d.conductswillbethetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.a.

afewdamages

b.fewdamages

c.littledamage

d.alittledamagewas______whattodo.a.

athiswitend

b.athiswitsend

c.athiswit’send

d.athiswits’sendyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withmeatwotoasts

b.twopiecesoftoast

c.twopieceoftoasts

d.towpiecesoftoasts______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.a.

datum

b.datums

c.data

d.datasMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.a.

how-are-yous

c.how-are-you’sb.

ofhow-are-you’s

d.ofhowareyousaidhemetthegirl______a.

athisuncle’sSmithroom

c.athisuncleSmith’sroomb.

atSmith’shisuncle’sroom

d.attheroomofhisuncle’sSmith’sisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats______.a.

atMrtSmith’s,thebookseller

c.atmyaunt’s,abooksellerb.

atmyaunt’s,MrsPalmer’s

d.atMrsPalmer’s,thebookseller’sroomis______.a.

theeditor’s-in-chief’soffice

c.theeditor-in-chief’sofficeb.