1各種路由協(xié)議路由匯總方法分析2學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握各種路由協(xié)議路由匯總的配置命令掌握各種路由協(xié)議路由匯總的特性3課程內(nèi)容第一章RIP路由匯總第二章OSPF路由匯總第三章BGP路由匯總34第一章RIP路由匯總RIP路由匯總配置命令接口下面配置匯總命令interfaceFastEthernet0/0.12encapsulationdot1Q12ipaddress9.9.12.1255.255.255.0ipsummary-addressrip192.168.1.0255.255.255.240R1R2R3Lo0:192.168.1.1/32RIPinterfaceFastEthernet0/0.23encapsulationdot1Q23ipaddress9.9.23.2255.255.255.0ipsummary-addressrip192.168.1.0255.255.255.05第一章RIP路由匯總路由匯總的結(jié)果R2和R3的路由表r2#shiproute….2.0.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC2.2.2.2isdirectlyconnected,Loopback09.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC9.9.12.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.12C9.9.23.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23

192.168.1.0/28issubnetted,1subnetsR192.168.1.0[120/1]via9.9.12.1,00:00:19,FastEthernet0/0.12r3#shiproute…9.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsR9.9.12.0[120/1]via9.9.23.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.23.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23R192.168.1.0/24[120/2]via9.9.23.2,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0.236第一章RIP路由匯總路由匯總的結(jié)果R1的路由表r1#shiproute…9.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC9.9.12.0isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.12R9.9.23.0[120/1]via9.9.12.2,00:00:08,FastEthernet0/0.12192.168.1.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC192.168.1.1isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1R1并沒有產(chǎn)生下一跳指向Null0接口的192.168.1.0/24的匯總路由7第一章RIP路由匯總路由匯總的結(jié)果R1的RIP數(shù)據(jù)庫r1#shipripdatabase9.0.0.0/8auto-summary9.9.12.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.9.23.0/24[1]via9.9.12.2,00:00:06,FastEthernet0/0.12192.168.1.0/24auto-summary192.168.1.0/28int-summary//數(shù)據(jù)庫中關(guān)于手動匯總路由的標(biāo)記192.168.1.1/32directlyconnected,Loopback18第一章RIP路由匯總RIP路由匯總的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行手動匯總之前必須關(guān)閉自動匯總noauto-summary匯總可以在任意一臺路由器上進(jìn)行匯總路由的掩碼必須大于或等于主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)掩碼r1(config-subif)#ipsummary-addressrip192.168.0.0255.255.0.0Summarymaskmustbegreaterorequaltomajornet9第一章RIP路由匯總RIP路由匯總的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)在通告匯總路由的路由器上創(chuàng)建指向Null0接口的匯總路由根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行配置r1(config)#iproute192.168.1.0255.255.255.0null010課程內(nèi)容第一章RIP路由匯總第二章OSPF路由匯總第三章BGP路由匯總1011第二章OSPF路由匯總OSPF路由匯總的控制點(diǎn)ABR將1/2類LSA轉(zhuǎn)換為3類LSA時,可對產(chǎn)生的3類LSA進(jìn)行匯總通告ASBR將外部LSA通告進(jìn)自治系統(tǒng)內(nèi)時,可對這些外部LSA進(jìn)行匯總通告12第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總配置命令R1R2R3R4area1area0area2routerospf1area1range172.9.0.0255.255.0.0Lo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/2413第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總結(jié)果R3、R4的路由表r3#shipro…OIA172.9.0.0/16[110/2]via9.9.23.2,00:14:24,FastEthernet0/0.23r4#shipro…OIA172.9.0.0/16[110/3]via192.9.34.3,00:14:19,FastEthernet0/0.3414第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總結(jié)果R2的數(shù)據(jù)庫沒匯總之前的數(shù)據(jù)庫匯總后的區(qū)別ABR不再產(chǎn)生明細(xì)的3類LSA

SummaryNetLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum172.9.0.09.9.0.213240x800000010x00BCB5

SummaryNetLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum172.9.0.19.9.0.270x800000010x00BCB3172.9.12.09.9.0.270x800000010x00382E15第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總結(jié)果R2的路由表自動產(chǎn)生下一跳為Null0接口的匯總路由r2#shipro…172.9.0.0/16isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,3masksO172.9.0.1/32[110/2]via172.9.12.1,00:00:46,FastEthernet0/0.12O172.9.0.0/16isasummary,00:00:46,Null0C172.9.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksC9.9.0.2/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0O9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via9.9.23.3,00:00:46,FastEthernet0/0.23…16第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總結(jié)果產(chǎn)生Null0接口匯總路由的意義R1R2R3R4area1area0area2Lo0:172.9.0.1/32匯總路由172.9.0.0/16出口R3:default-informaionoriginate默認(rèn)路由R2不產(chǎn)生Null0接口匯總路由17第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總結(jié)果產(chǎn)生Null0接口匯總路由的意義R1R2R3R4area1area0area2Lo0:172.9.0.1/32訪問不存在的一個地址172.9.0.2的數(shù)據(jù)R2上沒有相應(yīng)的路由，于是按照默認(rèn)路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給R3R3上面存在R2通告的172.9.0.0/16的匯總路由，于是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)回給R2…直至TTL=0，報(bào)文被丟棄，其中一臺設(shè)備返回TTL超時18第二章OSPF路由匯總ABR路由匯總相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)匯總的條件ABR僅在將1/2類LSA轉(zhuǎn)換為3類LSA時，可以進(jìn)行匯總?cè)绻?/2類LSA轉(zhuǎn)換后的3類LSA中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號不在匯總網(wǎng)段范圍內(nèi)，則仍以精確的3類LSA通告。匯總路由其他參數(shù)r2(config-router)#area1range172.9.0.0255.255.0.0?advertiseAdvertisethisrange(default)costUserspecifiedmetricforthisrange//調(diào)整匯總的3類LSA的Metricnot-advertiseDoNotAdvertisethisrange//抑制產(chǎn)生該匯總的3類LSA以及相關(guān)明細(xì)3類LSA19第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總配置命令R1R2R3R4RIParea0area2routerospf1summary-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0redistributeripsubnetsLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/2420第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總結(jié)果R3的路由表r3#shipro…OE2172.9.0.0/16[110/20]via9.9.23.2,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.239.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksO9.9.0.2/32[110/2]via9.9.23.2,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.0.3/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C9.9.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23192.9.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsO192.9.0.4[110/2]via192.9.34.4,00:03:09,FastEthernet0/0.34C192.9.34.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.3421第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總結(jié)果R4的路由表r4#shipro…OE2172.9.0.0/16[110/20]via192.9.34.3,00:04:33,FastEthernet0/0.349.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksOIA9.9.0.2/32[110/3]via192.9.34.3,00:04:35,FastEthernet0/0.34OIA9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via192.9.34.3,00:04:43,FastEthernet0/0.34OIA9.9.23.0/24[110/2]via192.9.34.3,00:04:39,FastEthernet0/0.34192.9.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsC192.9.0.4isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C192.9.34.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.3422第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總結(jié)果R2的路由表r2#shipro…172.9.0.0/16isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,3masksR172.9.0.1/32[120/1]via172.9.12.1,00:00:20,FastEthernet0/0.12O172.9.0.0/16isasummary,00:08:20,Null0C172.9.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.129.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksC9.9.0.2/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0O9.9.0.3/32[110/2]via9.9.23.3,00:07:17,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.23192.9.0.0/32issubnetted,1subnetsOIA192.9.0.4[110/3]via9.9.23.3,00:07:06,FastEthernet0/0.23OIA192.9.34.0/24[110/2]via9.9.23.3,00:07:11,FastEthernet0/0.2323第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)匯總的條件重發(fā)布路由生成的5類LSA中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號不在匯總網(wǎng)段范圍內(nèi)，則仍以精確的5類LSA通告。匯總路由其他參數(shù)r2(config-router)#summary-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0?not-advertiseDonotadvertisewhentranslatingOSPFtype-7LSAtagSettagmetricSetmetric<cr>24第二章OSPF路由匯總ASBR路由匯總其他方法R1R2R3R4RIParea0area2access-list1permit172.9.0.0route-mapStatic2OSPFpermit10matchipaddress1iproute172.9.0.0255.255.0.0Null0routerospf1redistributestaticsubnetsroute-mapStatic2OSPFLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/2425課程內(nèi)容第一章RIP路由匯總第二章OSPF路由匯總第三章BGP路由匯總2526第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由匯總方法:手動匯總首先創(chuàng)建下一跳為Null0的靜態(tài)匯總路由在BGP進(jìn)程下面使用network命令引入該匯總路由自動匯總在BGP進(jìn)程下面使用aggregate-address命令27第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由手動匯總配置方法R1R2R3OSPFIBGPorEBGPLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/24iproute172.9.0.0255.255.0.0Null0routerbgp1network172.9.0.0mask255.255.0.0neighbor9.9.0.3remote-as1neighbor9.9.0.3update-sourceLoopback0noauto-summary28第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由手動匯總R3的路由表r3#shipbBGPtableversionis2,localrouterIDis9.9.0.3Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>i172.9.0.09.9.0.201000ir3#shipro…B172.9.0.0/16[200/0]via9.9.0.2,00:13:489.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,3subnets,2masksR9.9.0.2/32[120/1]via9.9.23.2,00:00:10,FastEthernet0/0.23C9.9.0.3/32isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C9.9.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0.2329第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總通告匯總路由的條件必須事先在BGPTable中存在明細(xì)的BGP路由,才能夠在配置匯總命令后，通告出匯總路由。R1R2R3OSPFIBGPorEBGPLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/24routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0R2不會通告匯總的BGP路由172.9.0.0/1630第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總通告匯總路由的條件必須事先在BGPTable中存在明細(xì)的BGP路由,才能夠在配置匯總命令后，通告出匯總路由。R1R2R3OSPFIBGPorEBGPLo0:172.9.0.1/32172.9.12.0/24routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0

redistributeospf1matchinternalexternal1external2R2通告匯總的BGP路由172.9.0.0/1631第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總配置命令及關(guān)鍵字r2(config)#routerbgp1r2(config-router)#aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0?advertise-mapSetconditiontoadvertiseattributeas-setGenerateASsetpathinformationattribute-mapSetattributesofaggregatenlriNlriaggregateappliestoroute-mapSetparametersofaggregate

summary-onlyFiltermorespecificroutesfromupdatessuppress-mapConditionallyfiltermorespecificroutesfromupdates32第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹summary-only:FiltermorespecificroutesfromupdatesR1R2R3R6(AS6)AS1AS2AS3172.9.2.0/24172.9.3.0/24R4172.9.4.0/24R5routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0沒有關(guān)聯(lián)summary-only關(guān)鍵字，R1會向BGPPeer既通告明細(xì)路由，也會通告匯總路由，并且也會自動生成Null0接口的匯總路由33第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹summary-only:FiltermorespecificroutesfromupdatesR1R2R3R6(AS6)AS1AS2AS3172.9.2.0/24172.9.3.0/24R4172.9.4.0/24R5routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0summary-only關(guān)聯(lián)summary-only關(guān)鍵字后，R1僅向BGPPeer通告匯總路由34第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹summary-only:Filtermorespecificroutesfromupdatesr1#shipbBGPtableversionis8,localrouterIDis9.9.0.1Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.0.00.0.0.032768is>172.9.2.0/249.9.12.2002is>172.9.3.0/249.9.13.3003is>i172.9.4.0/249.9.14.401000i所有的明細(xì)路由被抑制，標(biāo)記為小s35第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹summary-only:Filtermorespecificroutesfromupdates從R6的BGP表看出，R1在通告匯總路由時僅攜帶了自己的AS號，并沒有攜帶明細(xì)路由的AS號。r6#shipbBGPtableversionis8,localrouterIDis9.9.0.6Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.0.09.9.16.1001i36第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹summary-only:Filtermorespecificroutesfromupdatesr1#shipb172.9.0.0BGProutingtableentryfor172.9.0.0/16,version7Paths:(1available,best#1,tableDefault-IP-Routing-Table)Advertisedtononpeer-grouppeers:9.9.12.29.9.13.39.9.14.49.9.15.59.9.16.6Local,(aggregatedby19.9.0.1)0.0.0.0from0.0.0.0(9.9.0.1)OriginIGP,localpref100,weight32768,valid,aggregated,local,atomic-aggregate,bestaggregated:標(biāo)識該路由為一條聚合路由atomic-aggregate:標(biāo)識明細(xì)路由的詳細(xì)屬性信息丟失37第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set:GenerateASsetpathinformationR1R2R3R6(AS6)AS1AS2AS3172.9.2.0/24172.9.3.0/24R4172.9.4.0/24R5routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0as-setsummary-only關(guān)聯(lián)as-set關(guān)鍵字后，R1通告的匯總路由會繼承明細(xì)路由的部分路徑屬性38第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set:GenerateASsetpathinformationas-set能夠繼承的明細(xì)路由路徑屬性包括:As-path:將收到的所有明細(xì)路由的as號都放置在{}中Origin:繼承最差的origin屬性Community:繼承所有明細(xì)路由的community39第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set:GenerateASsetpathinformation使用as-set關(guān)鍵字后，R1通告的匯總路由的atomic-aggregate屬性消失r1#shipb172.9.0.0BGProutingtableentryfor172.9.0.0/16,version13Paths:(1available,best#1,tableDefault-IP-Routing-Table)Advertisedtononpeer-grouppeers:9.9.12.29.9.13.39.9.14.49.9.15.59.9.16.6{2,3},(aggregatedby19.9.0.1)0.0.0.0from0.0.0.0(9.9.0.1)OriginIGP,localpref100,weight32768,valid,aggregated,local,best40第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set:GenerateASsetpathinformationr6#shipbBGPtableversionis4,localrouterIDis9.9.0.6Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.0.09.9.16.1001{2,3}i在選路時，{}只算一個as號。如果收到的路由的as-path的大括號中，有自己的as號，仍然執(zhí)行環(huán)路預(yù)防。41第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set可能會存在的問題可以看到R1向R3通告了匯總路由，攜帶的AS號存在{2,3}r1#shipbnei9.9.13.3advertised-routesBGPtableversionis28,localrouterIDis9.9.0.1Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.0.00.0.0.010032768{2,3}i42第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set可能會存在的問題R3收到R1通告的匯總路由時，由于執(zhí)行AS-Path環(huán)路檢查機(jī)制，在收到的匯總路由的AS-Path中看到了{(lán)2,3}，所以不接收該匯總路由，同時又由于summary-only的作用,R1也不會通告明細(xì)路由給R3r3#shipbBGPtableversionis10,localrouterIDis9.9.0.3Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.3.0/240.0.0.0032768i43第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set可能會存在的問題的解決辦法R1對R3使用unsuppress-map，配置如下access-list1permit172.9.4.0access-list1permit172.9.2.0route-mapABCpermit10matchipaddress1routerbgp1aggregate-address172.9.0.0255.255.0.0as-setsummary-onlyneighbor9.9.13.3unsuppress-mapABCR1將通告Route-mapABC定義的明細(xì)路由給特定的鄰居R3，雖然這些明細(xì)路由已經(jīng)被抑制44第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set可能會存在的問題的解決辦法R1通告給R3的路由r1#shipbnei9.9.13.3advertised-routesBGPtableversionis28,localrouterIDis9.9.0.1Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.0.00.0.0.010032768{2,3}is>172.9.2.0/249.9.12.2002is>i172.9.4.0/249.9.14.401000i45第三章BGP路由匯總BGP路由自動匯總各種關(guān)鍵字的作用介紹as-set可能會存在的問題的解決辦法R3接收路由r3#shipbBGPtableversionis12,localrouterIDis9.9.0.3Statuscodes:ssuppressed,ddamped,hhistory,*valid,>best,i-internal,rRIB-failure,SStaleOrigincodes:i-IGP,e-EGP,?-incompleteNetworkNextHopMetricLocPrfWeightPath*>172.9.2.0