書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-平頂山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:F

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionC，“l(fā)andclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation”，用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地開荒是森林砍伐的最大原因。可判斷出可能造成開發(fā)森林的農(nóng)業(yè)活動是農(nóng)地開荒。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionC，“chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies”，化肥和殺蟲劑可能污染水源。可判斷出可能造成供水質(zhì)量下降的原因是化學(xué)物品的使用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC，“moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion”，可判斷出更密集的耕作和休耕期的喪失往往會加劇土壤侵蝕?？膳袛喑雒芗霓r(nóng)業(yè)活動可能會導(dǎo)致土壤侵蝕。選項(xiàng)F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionC，“thespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.”，隨著單一栽培和高產(chǎn)作物品種的推廣和使用，導(dǎo)致一些原來的糧食作物的消失，這可能為今后防治病蟲害提供了一些保障。可判斷出單一栽培方式的使用可能導(dǎo)致一些舊的糧食作物品種的消失。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

（

）energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accumulated

B.Gathered

C.Assembled

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】同義詞辨析題。Accumulate累積，積攢，側(cè)重于連續(xù)不斷的長期的積累；Gather聚集，側(cè)重于將分散的東西聚集到一起；Assemble集合，聚集，側(cè)重于由于某種目的而聚集在一起；Collect收集，側(cè)重于物品的收集，采集。句意：地下累積的能量必須以某種形式釋放出來，比如地震。這里指長時間積累下來的能力，所以選項(xiàng)A最恰當(dāng)。

3.單選題

（）mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisremembered

B.Whilebeingremembered

C.Toberemembered

D.Thoughremembered

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。后面的句子完整,

但是沒有連詞連接,

由此可知前面應(yīng)該為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),

所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A。根據(jù)句意：雖然人們記得亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾主要是由于電話的發(fā)明,

但實(shí)際上他一生都致力于幫助失聰者。前后有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,

所以用連詞though更適合。

4.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（

）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】potentiality潛力，可能性；priority優(yōu)先權(quán)，優(yōu)先考慮的事；superiority優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢；responsibility責(zé)任，職責(zé)，義務(wù)。句意：如果利潤和金錢是你最優(yōu)先考慮的事，而對他人的承諾是你最不關(guān)心的，那么你的教育就是失敗的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.填空題

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前面的be，以及表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)的and，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為形容詞，beneficial“有益的”符合語境，指的是善被認(rèn)為是有益的。

【句意】善被認(rèn)為是有益的，惡被認(rèn)為是有害的，但定義善惡仍然是倫理學(xué)的中心問題。

6.問答題

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,youcan'thelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.

Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;

A

B

theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：B;dated

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。由“theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort”可知此處指的是不好的，look表示“看起來”的意思，后面接形容詞，dated意為“過時的”。

7.單選題

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Earlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding—seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicantsSchoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo,you’redonewiththewholeagonizingprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon’trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.

Earlydecisionsinceit’sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldratewhichisoftenusedasoneofthewaystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.

Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions,seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem,monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools,domoreresearch,speaktocurrentstudentsandalumniandarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.

Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforanygivenstudent,thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixatedonaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentiftheydon’tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat,giventimeforfurtherreflection,maynotactuallyberightforthem.

Insofarasearlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge;thatadvantagegoeslargelytostudentswhoalreadyhavenumerousadvantages.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisiontendtobethosewhohavereceivedhigherqualitycollegeguidance,usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivilegedbackground.Inthisregard,there’sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoftenconfusingearlydeadlines.

Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere’soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould,underthecurrentsystem,probablyapplyunderearlydecision.Butforstudentswhohaven’tyetdoneenoughresearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools,theearlydecisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.

36.Whatarestudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision?

37.Whydoschoolsofferearlydecision?

38.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents?

39.Whyaresomepeopleopposedtoearlydecisions?

40.Whatdoestheauthoradvisecollegeapplicantstodo?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.

B.Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.

C.Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.

D.Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toprovidemoreopportunitiesforapplicants.

B.Toavoidcompetitionwithothercollege.

C.Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.

D.Tosavestudentstheagonyofchoosingaschool.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.

B.Itplacestoohighademandontheirresearchability.

C.Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.

D.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itinterfereswithstudents’learninginhighschool.

B.Itisbiasedagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.

C.Itplacesstudentsfromlowerincomefamiliesatadisadvantage.

D.Itcausesunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.

B.Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.

C.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.

D.Lookbeyondthefewsupposedlythrillingoptions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由題干中的obligedtodo和earlydecision定位到首段首句。Earlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding…由定位句可知，在提前錄取體制下，你申請一所學(xué)校，其錄取具有約束力。A項(xiàng)“一旦他們被錄取就去上學(xué)。”；B項(xiàng)“在申請之前多了解一些學(xué)校?！保籆項(xiàng)“在他們接受這個提議之前要三思。”；D項(xiàng)“咨詢目前的學(xué)生和校友?！薄＝Y(jié)合題意可知，A選項(xiàng)和“約束”呼應(yīng)，正確。故答案為A。

37.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干中的offerearlydecision定位到首段最后一句。首段末句中提到“Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon’trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.”學(xué)校提供提前錄取是有其隱藏的動機(jī)的。接下來，由第二段第一句可知，Earlydecisionsinceit’sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;提前錄取可以使學(xué)校錄取到高質(zhì)量的學(xué)生。A項(xiàng)“為申請人提供更多的機(jī)會。”；B項(xiàng)“避免與其他大學(xué)競爭?！?；C項(xiàng)“以確保他們得到合格的學(xué)生?！?，符合題意。D項(xiàng)“為學(xué)生省去選學(xué)校的痛苦。”故答案為C。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由題干中的theproblem和forstudents定位到第三段第一句。Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.定位句指出，問題在于這個過程實(shí)際上縮短了學(xué)生必須作出他們到那時為止人生最重要的決定的時間。A項(xiàng)“這使得他們的申請過程更加復(fù)雜?！蔽凑f明。B項(xiàng)“這對他們的研究能力要求太高了。”未提及。C項(xiàng)“這會給他們帶來更多的心理壓力”，D項(xiàng)“這讓他們很少有時間做出明智的決定?！盌項(xiàng)更符合題意。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由題干中的opposed定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句。Inthisregard,there’sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoftenconfusingearlydeadlines.定位句指出，有人反對提前錄取，因?yàn)榈褪杖爰彝サ膶W(xué)生收到錄取指南以助他們理解那些常常讓人困惑的提前錄取截止時間的可能性要小得多。A項(xiàng)“它干擾了學(xué)生在高中的學(xué)習(xí)。”；B項(xiàng)“它對普通高中的學(xué)生有偏見。”；C選項(xiàng)“它讓來自低收入家庭的學(xué)生處于不利地位”符合。D項(xiàng)“這在大學(xué)申請者中造成了不必要的混亂?！薄選項(xiàng)符合，故答案為C。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干中的theauthoradvise和題文同序原則定位到最后一段。

定位段第二句指出，Butforstudentswhohaven’tyetdoneenoughresearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools,theearlydecisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.對于那些沒有做足研究或者始終無法確定自己最喜歡哪所學(xué)校的學(xué)生來說，提前錄取體制沒有必要并且過早地縮小了他們此時的選擇范圍，而這個時候他們正應(yīng)該放開自己以迎接一系列令人心動的選擇。A項(xiàng)“避免與來自特權(quán)家庭的學(xué)生競爭。”B項(xiàng)“找到他們最喜歡的學(xué)校的充分信息。”，符合題意。C項(xiàng)“避免過早作出決定，除非他們準(zhǔn)備充分。”D項(xiàng)“不要只看那幾個令人興奮的選項(xiàng)”。故答案為B。

8.單選題

Thecapturedcriminalswere（）inchainthroughthestreets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】exhibited展出,表現(xiàn)出；displayed展示,陳列；paraded游行,閱兵；revealed透漏。句意：被捕的犯人帶著鎖鏈在街上游行。

9.單選題

Someofthestateuniversityaregeneraluniversitiesprovidingall____andalltypesofinstruction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashions

B.facility

C.falsities

D.faculties

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fashions時尚B.facility設(shè)施

C.falsities虛偽D.faculties（高等院校的）系；學(xué)院

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“一些州立大學(xué)是提供所有____和各類教學(xué)的普通大學(xué)?！笨崭裉幩钤~前有all修飾，所以該詞為復(fù)數(shù)，并且與“各類教學(xué)”并列，D選項(xiàng)faculties“（高等院校的）系；學(xué)院”最符合語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)fashions“時尚”，為faculties的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)facility“設(shè)施”，名詞單數(shù)，與all搭配不當(dāng)，且沒有“學(xué)院”語義銜接緊密；

C選項(xiàng)falsities“虛偽”，為faculties的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】一些州立大學(xué)是提供各個系和各類教學(xué)的普通大學(xué)。

10.單選題

Andbecausethebanklendsonalargescale,itsfailuresare________onalargescale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yet

B.necessarily

C.likewise

D.definitely

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“然而，但是”；B選項(xiàng)“必要地”；C選項(xiàng)“同樣地，也”；D選項(xiàng)“明確地，肯定地”。本句話題干意思是，因?yàn)殂y行借款是大規(guī)模借，所以壞賬的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（）是很大的。句子中“onalargescale”出現(xiàn)了兩次，空格前面的詞義應(yīng)該填“也”，所以答案選C。

11.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark（

）centerthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figures

B.features

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。figure意為“人影，數(shù)字”；feature意為“特征，特點(diǎn)”；sketch意為“素描，草圖”；image意為“圖像，肖像”。

句意：昨晚，他看到了兩個黑影進(jìn)入了大樓，然后發(fā)生了爆炸。

12.單選題

Heisofa（

）mood;heneverfinisheswhathestarts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.variable

C.various

D.distinctive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他這個人朝三暮四，做起事來總是虎頭蛇尾。

考查形容詞辨析。different個別的,與眾不同的;variable多變的,變異的;various各種各樣的,多方面的;distinctive有特色的,與眾不同的。這里形容這個人朝三暮四.故選B。

13.單選題

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.（

）,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nevertheless

B.Then

C.Besides

D.Asaresult

【答案】A

【解析】連詞詞義辨析。分析四個選項(xiàng)可知，所提供的四個選項(xiàng)均為從句的連接詞，因此要先分析兩句之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意‘在科學(xué)上專業(yè)人員與業(yè)余科研人員之間并沒有明確的分界線。然而，“業(yè)余”這個詞的確有這樣一個含義，即相關(guān)人員無法完全融入這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域?！芍昂髢删渲g是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)then表示承接關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)asaresult表示因果關(guān)系，與此不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)besides表示“除此之外還有”，是意思上的一種遞進(jìn)，不符，排除，A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過，雖然如此”正確。

14.單選題

ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant'sstate-of-the-artboutique,youfindyourselfinthekingdomofParis'skingofchocolate,wherethehumblecocoabeanisturnedintomouth-wateringchocolateEastereggs.

Constant,whoisachef,admitsthatchocolateishispassionandmaininterestinlife.HefirstdevelopedafascinationwithchocolatewhenhewasworkingforGastonLenotre,afamousFrenchpastrychef.

EveryyearhehasathemefordecoratingEastereggs:thisyearhisdecorationsareinspiredby“ArtNouveau”.Tonighthehasadinnerfor130toorganizeandhehastoprepareathree-foot-highArtNouveau-styleEastereggbynoontomorrow.This,forConstant,isanormalschedule.

Constantbelievesthathischocolatecreationsareasmuchofaworkofartasothersculptures.Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.Constantisalsoaprofessional“nose”,workingcloselywiththeFrenchInstituteofTaste.Heiscapableofidentifying450differenttastesandflavors.Constantexplainsthatthemouth,whichcanonlytastefourthings—salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.

InhisbookTheTasteofChocolate,heexplainshowin1502ChristopherColumbuscameacrossanislandandwentashore.HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.ButColumbus,whodislikedtheoddbittertaste,continuedonhistravelsignorantofthefactthathehadjusttastedcocoa.LikeColumbus,Constanttravelsthecocoacountrieswherehechecksqualityandworkswithlocalexperts.Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.AccordingtoConstant,VenezuelaandTrinidadhavethebestcocoabeans,whichtheyexportallovertheworldeitherasbeansorascocoa.

Constant,whoisahardworker,onlysleepsthreehoursanight.Hetalkslongintothenightwithmembersofaclubhehasformed.Theclubiscalled“TheChocolateMunchers”.Theirmainofficialactivityistogettogetherformonthlydinnerswheretheyeataverytinydinnerandtonsofchocolatedesserts.

“Iamanaddict,”Constantadmits,“andIdon'twanttobecured!”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostinclusivetitleforthepassage?

2.WhatdoesConstantdonow?

3.Constant’snewly-openedbusiness（）.

4.Theunderlinedpart“Constantisalsoa...?nose?”means（）.

5.AccordingtoConstant,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chocolate—ThePassionofaLifetime.

B.TheChocolateMunchersClub.

C.Chocolate—ANewArtForm.

D.TheLastWordinGoodTaste.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.HeworksforaFrenchpastrychef.

B.Heownshisownrestaurantandtearoom.

C.HeisasculptorforamuseuminParis.

D.HeisachefintheInstituteofTaste.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideschocolateswithvariousflavors

B.exhibitsallofhischocolatesculptures

C.oftenneedstoprepareabigEasterdinner

D.servesasanationalmonumentinParis

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hebelieveshehasthebestnoseintheworld

B.hisnosecantastesalt,sweet,acidandbitter

C.hisnosecanidentifyvarioustastesandflavors

D.heiscapableofsmellingflavorsfromalongdistance

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ancientIndiansusedcocoabeansaslocalcurrency

B.Columbuscheckedthequalityofcocoabeansindifferentplaces

C.chocolateaddictionmakespeoplesleepless

D.thequalityofcocoabeansvariesfromregiontoregion

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)全文，文章主要在描述廚師康斯坦丁和巧克力的故事，講述了他對熱衷于做巧克力，并且寫了一本有關(guān)于巧克力的書，整篇文章都表現(xiàn)了他對巧克力獨(dú)特的熱愛，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Itis,therefore,understandablethattherestaurant,whichheopenedlastmonth,issituatedintheNationalMonumentsMuseuminParis.Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.”，可知康斯坦丁上個月開了餐廳，白天的時候這家餐廳就成為茶室，提供各式的巧克力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Duringthedaytherestaurantisatearoomandofferschocolateineveryimaginableform.Customerscanchoosefromaselectionofsweetchocolatedessertsortrythemoreexoticspicychocolates.”可知，他新開的餐廳的特點(diǎn)，白天是一個茶室，提供各種巧克力，并且可以選擇各種口味的巧克力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Constantisalsoaprofessional…whichcanonlytastefourthings~salt,sweet,acidandbitter—is“stupid”incomparisontothenose.Hebelievesthatthenoseiseverything.”，可知康斯坦特可以用鼻子分辨出各種不同的氣味，他認(rèn)為嘴只能嘗出四種味道。所以這句話是指他的鼻子能分辨不同的味道。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“HewasgreetedbyanIndianchiefbearinggiftsamongwhichwerehugesacksofbeanswhichColumbusthoughtwaslocalcurrency.Tohissurprise,theypreparedadrinkforhim.”，可知Columbus以為可可豆是當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿?，后來才知道，原來是一種飲料，所以排除A選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Qualitycanvarydependingontheregion,year,andmethodofpreparation.”，可可的質(zhì)量因地區(qū)、年份和制作方法各異。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】時態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動詞要用原形；主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時wassaid，而base這個動作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合時態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

16.單選題

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whil