書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)海源學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

問題1選項

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。exhaust“排出，耗盡，使精疲力盡，詳盡論述”；interest“使感興趣，使關(guān)心，使注意，使參與，使有利害關(guān)系”；B選項的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻礙，妨礙，成為阻礙”；C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、態(tài)度），喚醒某人，激發(fā)，行動起來“；D選項的veto“否決，禁止，反對”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”。根據(jù)句意‘迄今為止，還沒有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對它們的研宄能達(dá)到如此詳盡無遺的地步，以致它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學(xué)家的興趣’確定A選項正確。

2.單選題

AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.Criticismthatrestrictsitselftoideologymissesthebasicreasonthewriterisworthreadinginthefirstplace.HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage.Shewasatpainstodistinguishherselffromotherwriterswithclearlydefinedsocialandpoliticalagendas.Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheart....Itisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”

Hurston’ssavingdistinctionwasherexquisitelysensitiveear.Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround3’).Butwhenshedeployedcolloquialspeechandcelebrateditsabilitytomovebeyondmeredenotation,shewasaspectacularwriter,andthefarthestthingfromaflagwaver.When,forinstance,shedescribesaspeedingtrain,sheusesawordthatperfectlyconveysthesoundofthewheelsclickingoverthetrackjoints:it“schickalacked”overtherails.

Hurstonwasabrillianttranscriberofcolloquiallanguageandtelleroffolktales,butthesewereonlypartofherachievement.Whenwritinginherownvoice,sherenderstheworldinphrasesthatarepalpableandwonderfullyimmediate.Thisisawriterwhounderstoodthatspontaneousimage-makingisthemarkofalivinglanguage,thatasharedlanguageistheonlyconduitwehaveintotheinteriorlivesofotherpeople.

Hurston’srealsubject,andthisisthereasonherworkwillabide,wastheuniversaldisjunctionbetweenthelimitlesshumanimaginationandtheconstrictionswithinwhichallhumanbeingslive.ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame.Hurstonrejectedalltheconventionalcategories-race,class,gender-bywhichsomeofherlatestcriticsorganizeexperience.“Myinterestliesinwhatmakesamanorwomandosuch-and-so,regardlessof…color.”

1.Thepassageprimarilyconveystheauthor’s（

）.

2.Inline2,“temper”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Hurstoncriticize“somewriters”(lines6-8)for

（

）.

4.Thesentencebeginning“shewassometimes...”(lines9-11)servesprimarilyto

（

）.

5.Intheunderlinedlines22-23(“she...blame”)，theauthormostdirectlyimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.enthusiasmaboutHurston’ssocialactivism

B.amusementatthosewhomisunderstandHurston’sviews

C.skepticismaboutHuston’spermanenceasaliteraryicon

D.appreciationforHurston’sliterarytalents

問題2選項

A.courage

B.composure

C.mood

D.resiliency

問題3選項

A.relyingontheappealofpopularthemes

B.abandoningtheirwritingwhentheyencounterdifficultiesingettingpublished

C.shirkingpatrioticdutiesduringtimesofpersonalhardship

D.beingunwillingtowritewhatthepublicmostwantstoread

問題4選項

A.noteanexceptiontotheclaimmadeintheprevioussentence

B.provideanexampleofHurston'seffectiveuseofpoeticlanguage

C.emphasizetheauthor’scentralargumentaboutHurston’sstyle

D.revealalittle-knownaccomplishmentofHurston’s

問題5選項

A.thecharactersinHurston'sfictionwereoftenmorecontroversialthattheirreal-lifecounterparts

B.toomuchshouldnotbemadeofHurston'schoiceofwhomtowriteabout

C.Hurstonfeltcompelledtoapologizeforwritingaboutwhatwasmostinterestingtoher

D.Hurston’speerscouldnotidentifywithhercharacters

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考察作者意圖。文章第一段第三句HurstonbelongsamongtheAmericanclassicsnotbecauseofherpoliticsbutbecauseofherlanguage提到Hurston成為美國經(jīng)典不是因為她的政治地位而是她的文字，可以看出作者對Hurston的文學(xué)才能是表示贊賞的，選項D符合題意。

2.考察詞義。文章第一段第一句AslongasHurstonremainssusceptibletowhatareessentiallypoliticaljudgments,herliteraryfortuneswillcontinuetofluctuatewiththetemperofthetimes.提到Hurston的文學(xué)命運(yùn)隨著時代的“脾氣”不斷的起伏。選項C中的mood與之相近，符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實。文章第一段Somewriters,Hurstoncharged,thinkthereisbraveryinwritingforthose“whowanttohearthesamethingoverandoveragaineventhoughtheyalreadyknowitbyheart....Itisthesamethingaswavingtheflaginapoorlyconstructedplay.”提到Hurston認(rèn)為有些作家寫的內(nèi)容都是陳詞濫調(diào)，過分迎合大眾的口味，沒有新意。選項A符合題意。

4.考察判斷推理。文章第二段第二句Shewassometimesoutoftune,aswhenshetriedtodevisemetaphorsthatwereself-consciouslyliterary(thereisabasininthemindwherewordsfloataround)提到了Hurston的寫作風(fēng)格，喜歡用暗喻的手法，選項C符合題意。

5.考察判斷推理。文章最后一段第二句話ShehappenedtoknowbesthowtoexemplifythisthemebywritingaboutthelivesofBlackwomenintheAmericanSouth,whichinitselfiscauseforneitherpraisenorblame提到Hurston碰巧最懂得如何通過描寫美國南部黑人婦女的生活來例證這一主題，而這本身既不值得贊揚(yáng)，也不應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)。由此可知作者認(rèn)為沒有必要將注意力過多放在Hurston寫的人物身上。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman,he（）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問題1選項

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項presided“主持”；B選項administered“管理”；C選項mastered“支配”；D選項executed“實行”。句意：雖然這是他第一次當(dāng)主席，但他還是嫻熟地主持了這次會議。本句表示主持會議，只有presided才能與over搭配。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

TheBadlandsNationalParkwasestablishedinSouthDakotatopreservethisweirdlybeautifulregion.

問題1選項

A.truly

B.strangely

C.exceedingly

D.impressively

【答案】B

【解析】句意：荒地國家公園是在南達(dá)科塔州建立的，旨在保護(hù)這個奇特的美麗地區(qū)。weirdly意為“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真實地；strangely奇妙地，不可思議地；exceedingly非常，極其；impressively令人難忘地。選項B與之意思相近。

5.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly---andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國實驗室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國公司開始重視這個問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個選項中選項A包含了其他三個選項的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點與現(xiàn)在的觀點進(jìn)行對比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國經(jīng)理說他花費(fèi)了一年半的時間來明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因為對fair這個單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對此抱怨。選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“對于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語言與自己在英國的上司進(jìn)行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

6.單選題

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce（

）.

問題1選項

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。分析句子成分可知空格處所填成分為定語，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。句意：瓦倫斯坦的研究表明，即使過了十年，年輕男女仍然會受到父母離婚的影響，這些離婚是在他們還是孩子時發(fā)生的。B項符合題意。

7.單選題

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobeinthemforthebetterpartoftwomonths.

Sothinkingbackonmyexperienceshere’swhyyoushouldbeokaywithacoupleofdaysofpolarvortex—because1)youcangoinside,and2)becauseitmakesyousmarter—oratleastsmarterthanthewarmweatherdoes.Yep.Goodnewsforthoseincitiesaffectedbythevortex:coldweathercanactuallybereallygoodforyou.Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.AccordingtoanarticlebyAdrianWardthatappearedinScientificAmerican,ittakesmoreenergytocoolyourbodywhenit’shotthanitdoestowarmitupwhenyou’recold.Theenergycomesfromglucose...whichisalsonecessaryforthebrain’smentalprocesses.Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.Quick—everyonegotaketheMENSAtestbeforethetemperaturewarmsupagain!

1.Whatdothemountainstheauthorhasclimbedhaveincommon?

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAntarctica?

3.WhatisnotavailableinthemiddleofAntarctica?

4.Whyiscoldweatherbetterforthebrain?

5.WecanlearnfromthetestthattheMENSAtestisakindof_____.

問題1選項

A.TheyarealllocatedintheNorthPole.

B.TheyarealllocatedintheSouthPole.

C.Theyhavethesameelevations.

D.Theyareallveryfrigid.

問題2選項

A.Thereisabout98%waterand2%ice.

B.Thetemperaturestherecanreach128degreecentigrade.

C.Itisthesecondcoldestplaceonearth.

D.ThereisamountaincalledVinsonMassif.

問題3選項

A.Skilodge.

B.Sled.

C.Supplies.

D.Camera.

問題4選項

A.Becauseyoucanburnmorefatwhenitiscold.

B.Becauseyoucangoinsideskilodgesandtakeabreakwhenitiscold.

C.Becauseyoucanleavemoreglucoseforthebrainwhenitiscold.

D.Becausetheenergyyouneedforthebraincomesfromice.

問題5選項

A.psychiatrictest

B.intelligencetest

C.personalitytest

D.admissiontest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段最后一句話Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.“每一個山脈和極地探險都非常不同——除了一件事：寒冷”從這里可以知道答案選D選項“他們都非常寒冷”；A選項“它們都位于北極”，定位到第一段第三句話…h(huán)aveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles…“……曾經(jīng)南極和北極都滑過……”，從這里可知A屬于反向干擾；

B選項“它們都位于南極”，見A選項，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項“他們有相同的海拔高度”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段第五句話…h(huán)avebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassif“……到過這兩次；有一次去爬文森山”，從這里可知D選項“那有一座山叫文森山”正確；

A選項“大約98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句話Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.“這塊大陸大約98%是冰，2%是巖石”，從這里可知A選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“那里的溫度可以達(dá)到128攝氏度”，定位到第二段第四句話Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.“冬天的氣溫已經(jīng)達(dá)到零下128度”從關(guān)鍵詞below可知B選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句話Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，從這里可知C選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.“南極洲中部沒有滑雪旅館”，從這里可知答案選A“滑雪旅館”；

B選項“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates…andthecold.“只有你，腰間系著1501b雪橇(包括你所有的裝備和補(bǔ)給)，你的隊友，還有寒冷”，從這里可知B選項不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項“補(bǔ)給”，見B選項，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項“照相機(jī)”文章沒有提及屬于無中生有。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.“所以基本上，在熱的時候降溫比在冷的時候升溫需要更多的葡萄糖；這樣就減少了大腦可用的葡萄糖”，從這里可知答案選C“因為冷的時候你可以給大腦留下更多的葡萄糖”；

A選項“因為天氣冷的時候可以燃燒更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句話Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.“這不僅是因為你在冷的時候燃燒了更多的脂肪，還因為你的大腦在冷的時候工作得更好”，從這里可知這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯誤；

B選項“因為天氣冷的時候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica“南極洲中部沒有滑雪旅館”，這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“因為你大腦所需的能量來自冰”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.推理判斷題，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.“因此，我們可以假設(shè)寒冷的天氣對大腦更好”，這里說完冷的環(huán)境對大腦運(yùn)行有利就趕緊督促別人去考MENS，就說明這考試與大腦也就是智力有關(guān)，所以答案選B“智力測試”；

A選項“心理測試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“性格測試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“入學(xué)考試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

8.不定項選擇題

Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.Hecannotbeselective;hemustcovereverythingthatisofferedforpublicscrutinyintheprincipalplayhousesofthecitywhereheworks.Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.ThisstateofaffairsmayhelptoexplainwhytheNewYorktheatrereviewersaresooften,andsounjustly,stigmatizedasbalefulanddestructivefiends.Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.

14.Inwritingthispassage,theauthor’schiefpurposeseemstobe（）.

15.Thepassageindicatesthatthedramacriticis（）.

16.ThepassagesuggeststhatasaplayLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightwas（）.

17.Asusedinthepassage,theword“excoriations”mostnearlymeans（）.

18.LionelTillingismostprobablya（）.

19.The“butchersofBroadway”are（）.

20.Theparagraphprevioustothisonemostprobablydiscussedthe（）.

問題1選項

A.showwhybookreviewingiseasierthanplayreviewing

B.pointuptheopinionsofShaw

C.shownewtrendsinliterarycriticism

D.defendtheworkoftheplaycritic

問題2選項

A.conditionedbycertainrequirementsofhiscolumn

B.happytoobligethebackersofplays

C.mindfulofthevalueofpublicopinion

D.suspiciousofcriticismdirectedagainsthim

問題3選項

A.inconsequential

B.worthwhile

C.poorlywritten

D.long

問題4選項

A.attacks

B.explanations

C.praises

D.pronouncements

問題5選項

A.followerofShaw

B.dramacritic

C.bookreviewer

D.crimereporter

問題6選項

A.newspapereditors

B.playbackers

C.ineffectiveauthors

D.playreviewers

問題7選項

A.workofabookreviewer

B.characteristicsofthereadingpublic

C.advantagesofbeingadramacritic

D.costsofplayproduction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章首句，可得知戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他不可能有選擇性，以及原文Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.（他們將職業(yè)生涯的大部分時間用于明智地評判不太明智的戲劇，他們偶爾破口大罵就不足為怪了。實際上，他們讓我感到奇怪的是，他們罵得不夠激烈，不夠頻繁）很明顯，這是在為評論家辯護(hù)。A選項“表明為什么書評比戲劇評論容易”，B選項“指出蕭伯納的觀點”，C選項“展示文學(xué)批評的新趨勢”，都太過片面，所以A，B，C選項錯誤，因此，D選項“為戲劇評論家這個工作辯護(hù)”符合題意。

15.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段第二句，可知戲劇評論家受篇幅的制約。A選項“受到他的專欄的某些要求的制約”，B選項“很高興能幫助這些戲劇的支持者”，C選項“注意公眾輿論的價值”，D選項“懷疑針對他的批評”。因此，A選項符合題意。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段的第三句Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.（他對《日夜兼程》的評論是如此不恰當(dāng)，令人遺憾，就像今天他對最近一個奶嘴喂養(yǎng)的媚俗派的判決一樣，這個媚俗派碰巧給自己找到了一個笨蛋贊助人，損失了10萬美元）暗示了如果不是由于篇幅的限制，戲劇評論家會評論得更充分一些，這就說明《日夜兼程》是值得的，可知選擇B選項“有價值的”，A選項“無關(guān)緊要的”，C選項“寫得很差”，D選項“冗長的”。因此，B選項符合題意。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的倒數(shù)第三句AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（蕭伯納在談到他90年代的評論家同僚時說他們是“罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人?！毕胂笠幌?，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說……），根據(jù)罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人，可知會受到口頭的譴責(zé)，因此，A選項“抨擊”符合題意。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文倒數(shù)第二句ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（想象一下，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說，會遭到怎樣的口頭譴責(zé)。）可得知萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林受人邀請評論書籍，那么他很可能是一位書評家。因此，C選項“書評家”符合題意。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一句ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.（相比之下，百老匯的屠夫就像是羔羊）這句話的前面是有提到書評家，而百老匯是美國戲劇藝術(shù)的活動中心，由此可知百老匯的屠夫也就是說的戲劇評論家，因此，D選項“戲劇評論家”符合題意。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。這個自然段前面的一個自然段很可能論述書評家的工作。根據(jù)第一句話，Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.（而戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢）可知作者改變了他的話題，因為他運(yùn)用了ontheotherhand（另一方面）這個詞組。與戲劇評論相對應(yīng)的很可能是書評，而且文章結(jié)尾處把書評家和戲劇評論家進(jìn)行了比較。因此，A選項“書評家的工作”符合題意。

9.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin（）.

2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat（）.

3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.soundpatterns

B.vocabularies

C.grammaticalstructures

D.bothAandB

問題2選項

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

問題3選項

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問題4選項

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問題5選項

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們（不文明群體的語言）落后于我們的西方語言，通常不是在完全滿足所有語言所需要的聲音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而只是在反映說話者所知道的對象和活動的詞匯上。”由此可知，與西方語言相比，不文明群體的語言在詞匯方面受到限制，所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，文化之間沒有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越，正如對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言之間也沒有本質(zhì)上的等級關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍?，選項D符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為落后群體的語言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的語言形式，主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開始的，但對‘落后’語言的研究證實，現(xiàn)在的口語語言都不符合這一描述?！币簿褪钦f，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了，所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語言似乎都有擴(kuò)充詞匯的機(jī)制，它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起，也可以從其他語言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為語言無論文明與否，都有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力，選項A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對語言的研究，反過來又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索，即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨(dú)立地看待，沒有等級或?qū)蛹壍挠^念。”選項A和選項C在文中沒有信息體現(xiàn)；D選項是原文明確提出的觀點，不符合題干的意思。B選項“對語言的研究強(qiáng)化了人類學(xué)家的觀點，即文化之間沒有等級之分”與最后一段表達(dá)的意思一致，所以正確。

10.單選題

FamiliaritywithWesternweapons,theassistanceofEuropeanofficers,re