書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京培黎職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Forreasonsofpersonalsafety,themantoldthepolicethathewishedtoremain（）.

問題1選項

A.anonymous

B.suspicious

C.conspicuous

D.rigorous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous“匿名的，無名的”；suspicious“可疑的；多疑的”；conspicuous“顯著的，顯而易見的”；rigorous“嚴格的；嚴密的；嚴酷的”。句意：考慮到人身安全，這個男人告訴警察他希望能夠保持匿名。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.

It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.

Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.

Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.

Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.

Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(耍弄)themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.

2.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat___.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

4.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout___.

問題1選項

A.itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday

B.computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions

C.manycomputercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected

D.peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany

問題2選項

A.manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered

B.therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem

C.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes

D.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheirbadluck

問題3選項

A.Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.

B.Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.

C.Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.

問題4選項

A.Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.

B.Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.

C.Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.

D.Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.

問題5選項

A.whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections

B.howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployers

C.whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment

D.whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到原文第四段第一，二句Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.（例如，一個鍵盤打孔操作員抱怨說，他不得不加班打卡。調(diào)查顯示，他被要求打額外的卡是為了不誠實的交易）可知人們可能會被公司要求進行計算機犯罪，選D選項“人們在公司的要求下進行計算機犯罪”；根據(jù)第二段It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetected…Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunished...（電腦犯罪很容易不被發(fā)現(xiàn)……但即使被發(fā)現(xiàn)，罪犯不僅可能逍遙法外……）可知A選項“今天仍然不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)計算機犯罪”錯誤；原文沒有確切的提及B選項“計算機犯罪是金融機構(gòu)運作中最嚴重的問題”；第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（與其他違法者不同，電腦罪犯有時會逃避懲罰，他們不僅要求不起訴他們，還要求給他們好的推薦信或者其他好處）以及第六段Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.（為什么？因為公司的管理人員擔(dān)心，如果公眾發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的電腦被濫用，會造成不良的公眾形象）可知C選項“許多計算機罪犯可以逃脫懲罰，因為他們不能被發(fā)現(xiàn)”錯誤。因此D選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.（當然，我們沒有未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的犯罪的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。但令人不安的是，我們知道有多少犯罪是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序。被抓住的計算機罪犯可能是不尋常的壞運氣的受害者）可知作者暗示系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序并不能很好的發(fā)現(xiàn)犯罪行為，被發(fā)現(xiàn)的罪犯很多只是因為運氣不好被偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，而沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的罪犯數(shù)量要多得多，選A選項“沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的電腦犯罪比被發(fā)現(xiàn)的要多得多”；B選項“計算機犯罪的迅速增加是一個棘手的問題”，C選項“大多數(shù)電腦罪犯足夠聰明來掩蓋他們的罪行”以及D選項“大多數(shù)電腦罪犯都足夠聰明來掩蓋他們的壞運氣”原文未提及，原段落未表明大多數(shù)電腦罪犯足夠聰明這一觀點。因此A選項正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.（一想到一個罪犯在公開法庭上吹噓自己是如何在公司高管、會計和安全人員的鼻子底下篡改最機密的記錄，他們就會猶豫）可知選D選項“公司通常對揭露計算機犯罪猶豫不決”，結(jié)合最后一段最后一句話Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就這樣，另一個電腦罪犯離開了，只帶著他需要的建議去其他地方繼續(xù)他的犯罪）可知C選項“公司將防范計算機犯罪以保護他們的聲譽”錯誤；A選項“必須實施嚴厲的法律來打擊計算機犯罪”，B選項“公司需要對機密信息施加限制”未在文章內(nèi)提及。因此D選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（與其他違法者不同，電腦罪犯有時會逃避懲罰，他們不僅要求不起訴他們，還要求給他們好的推薦信或者其他好處）以及第六段Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就這樣，另一個電腦罪犯離開了，只帶著他需要的建議去其他地方繼續(xù)他的犯罪）可知選C選項“他們可能會離開，很容易找到另一份工作”，同時可知A選項“由于名聲不好，他們很難找到另一份工作”，D選項“他們必須離開這個國家，否則就進監(jiān)獄”錯誤；B選項“他們將被拒絕訪問機密記錄”原文未提及。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.（任何聰明到能夠為自己的目的修改這些信息的人都能獲得可觀的回報。更糟糕的是，許多這樣做并被抓住的人都設(shè)法逃脫了懲罰）可知文章開頭就提到很多計算機罪犯即使被抓住也會逃脫懲罰，接下來的幾段都圍繞這一觀點展開，分別列舉不同的例子來證明為什么這件事會發(fā)生，可知選C選項“為什么電腦罪犯經(jīng)常能夠逃脫懲罰”；原文只是提及Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.（但令人不安的是，我們知道有多少犯罪是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序），沒有詳細描寫A選項“為什么計算機犯罪很難被系統(tǒng)的檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)”，排除；B選項“計算機罪犯如何設(shè)法從他們的前雇主那里得到好的推薦信”和原文不相符；D選項“為什么計算機犯罪不能被消除”原文未提及。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemical,reactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels;theyhavehitherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.VehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheEngineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause:（

）.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichoftheFollowingaboutairpollution?

4.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas（

）.

問題1選項

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

問題2選項

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions.

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.

問題3選項

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutionsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

問題4選項

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem

C.Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

問題5選項

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何來減少機動車尾氣排放。所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions提到大分子的燃燒有著更復(fù)雜的反映，選項B符合題意。

3.題干中出現(xiàn)了airpollution,因此可以將重點放在第一段。第一段主要提及了盡管污染減少，但還是需要有效的方法來改善環(huán)境。第一段最后一句話可以推出選項A符合題意。

4.文章第三段最后一句Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特點就是會大幅度減少臭氧水平。選項D符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段第二句Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol可知選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.Theimages,colors,moods,andtermsofyourdreamsdependuponyourculture,upbringing,slangandyourownunderstandingofthingsandvalues.Dreamingislikelookingintoamirrorandseeingyourselfwitheyes.

Thefirstdreamswhichwehaveafterfallingasleepoftenrevolvearoundthedayevents.Wegothroughthem,sortingoutanddiscardingthingswedon'tneedtorememberandgaininginsightintothosewedo.Often,weareinspiredwithsuggestionsthatwecanusetoremedythesituationsthatplagueusbyday.Asweprogressthroughthenight’sdreams,theymaytakeupmorefantasticqualities,offeringfancifulexperiences.Theseoftenpleasantimagescanrelievethestressoftheday.Butthedreamwehavejustbeforetheawakingoftencontainsinformationthesubconsciousmindwantstomakeknowntotheconscious.Andthisinformation,ifremembered,interpreted,andunderstood,canserveasanimportanttoolinourlives.

Dependinguponthecontent,dreamcanstrikeuswiththeirpeculiarity,orsometimeseventheiralarmingnature.Somedreamshauntusforyears,notonlybecauseoftheirpersistence,butalsoprimarilybecausewecannotexplainorunderstandthem.Otherdreamsstandoutwiththeweirdmixtureofimages,emotionsandcontext,whichmakeusrememberthemforlife.Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.Arecurringdreamisoftenasignofsomeemotionalweaknessinournaturewhichcausesusproblemsovertheyears.

Luciddreamsarerare,buttheyareallaboutpeople’sabilitytocontroltheirdreams.Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.Luciddreamsareusuallyenhancedinasensoryandimaginaryway,andsometimescanbeaccompaniedbypleasantmusic.Peoplecanlearnthetechniquesofcontrollingtheirdreams.Somehistoricmanuscriptsandrecordssaythattheabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.

1.Dreamscanonlybeunderstoodbythedreamerbecause（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,dreams（）.

3.Recurringdreamsoccur（）.

4.Theword“l(fā)ucid”(Line1,Para.4)refersto（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatdreamsofferusthepotentialto（）.

問題1選項

A.theyarealwaysbasedonyourdeepfeelings

B.theyareexpressedinacodeonlyyoucanunderstand

C.theyarealwayssomethingrelatedtoyourupbringing

D.theyarerelatedtoyourpersonalculture

問題2選項

A.arealwaysaboutthedaysevents,sortingoutthemonebyone

B.areprimarilymeanttorelievethestressoftheday

C.isonlyimportantatthestagejustbeforeyouwakeup

D.movefromdifferentstages,eachwithdifferentfunctions

問題3選項

A.becauseofarepetitionofevents,problemoremotionalweakness

B.becauseofacertainlifesituationthatcausesusstress

C.becauseweareemotionallyweak

D.becausewecannotexplainthem

問題4選項

A.highlyconscious

B.understandable

C.easytoremember

D.clearlypresented

問題5選項

A.predictthefuture

B.improveourconscience

C.increaseourimagination

D.understandingourselves

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Everydreamisamessagefromyourunconsciousself,expressedinacodewhichonlyyoucanunderstandandinterpret.”每一個夢都是來自你潛意識的自我的信息，以一種只有你能理解和解釋的代碼來表達。以及后面提到的夢取決于你的文化、教養(yǎng)以及你對事物和價值觀的理解。所以選項D為最佳答案。A選項在第一段中沒有明確提及；B選項“它們是用只有你才理解的代碼表達的”從意義上來說等同于題干本身，并沒有回答原因；C選項的信息過于片面。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，入睡后的第一個夢是圍繞白天發(fā)生的事情，通常會從中受到啟發(fā)；隨著夢境的加深有更奇妙的體驗，這會緩解我們一天的壓力；醒來之前的夢是潛意識里想讓我們知道的東西，如果能被理解和記住，對我們大有幫助。A選項錯誤之處在于：與白天發(fā)生的事情相關(guān)的是“第一個夢”，而非所有夢；B選項“主要是為了緩解一天的壓力”過于絕對，文中并沒有說“主要”這一個信息；C選項“只有在你起床前的階段才重要”，過于絕對化。因此D選項“在不同的階段間變動，每個階段有不同的功能”符合題意，不同的階段可以理解為“第一個夢”、“奇異的景象”、“醒來之前”，他們有著不同的功能。

3.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Recurringdreamsarequitecommon,andweusuallyhavethemwhenacertainlifesituationrepeats,orwearefacingthesameproblemoverandoveragain.”選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Insuchadream,thedreamerbecomesconsciouslyawarethatshe/heisdreaming,andisabletousethememoryandparticipateindreamactionsandemotions.”在這樣的夢境中，做夢的人能夠意識到自己在做夢，能夠運用記憶，參與夢境的動作和情感。說明lucid是指意識清醒的。選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“theabilitytocontroldreamshelpsapersontoreachahigherdegreeofminddevelopment.ThisiswhatsomeTibetanBuddhistsandIslamfollowerspracticedforthepurposeofelevationinconsciousness.”控制夢境的能力有助于一個人達到更高程度的心智發(fā)展。這就是一些藏傳佛教和伊斯蘭教信徒為了提升意識而進行的修行。所以，選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

5.單選題

Theofficermurmuredhisconsent.

問題1選項

A.stuttered

B.nodded

C.mumbled

D.uttered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。murmur意為“低語，喃喃細語”；stutter意為“口吃，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說”；nod意為“點頭”；mumble意為“嘟噥，低聲說”；utter意為“說，出聲”。

句意：警官低聲表示同意。

6.單選題

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymore______insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.

問題1選項

A.conservative

B.confidential

C.comprehensive

D.consistent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項conservative“守舊的、傳統(tǒng)的、拘謹?shù)摹?；B項confidential“機密的、秘密的”；C項comprehensive“廣泛的”；D項consistent“一致的、調(diào)和的”；句意：與西方國家相比，盡管亞洲國家在社會習(xí)俗上普遍較為保守，但在印度和中國卻出現(xiàn)過幾位著名的婦女領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。因此該題A項正確。

7.不定項選擇題

Whatdovideocassettes,icecream,pizzas,whiskyandbouquetsofflowersallhaveincommon?TheansweristhatinJapantheycanallbeboughtfromavendingmachine.Japanboastsmorevendingmachinesperpersonthananyothercountryintheworld,withoneforevery22people.America,bycontrast,hasoneforevery46;theEuropeanCommunityonlyoneforevery200.

Japanesevendingmachinesarealsomoreproductive.Salespermachinearealmosttwo-thirdshigherthaninAmerica,becausetheJapanesemachinessellhigh-valueproducts,likewhisky,aswellastheusualCoca-colaandgum.

Cravingacigaretteorbarofchocolate?InAmericaorBritainthenearestvendingmachineisprobablyvandalized,empty,oracceptsonlytherightmoneyinthewrongcoins.Thankstoitslowcrime-rateandsophisticatedelectronics,Japan’svendingmachinesaremuchreliable.Theyarealsolesslikelytorunout,thankstoon-linemonitoringofstocks.

Despitewhatlookslikesaturationbyanyoneelse’sstandards,thenumberofvendingmachinesinJapanissettogrow.Thisisbecausethelabor-savingadvantagesofvendingmachineshaveyettobefullyexploited.Decliningbirthrates,anagingpopulationandtightcontrolsonimmigrationarecreatingashortageoflow-wageworkersinJapanandboostingthedemandforevercleverermachines.Oneofthefastestgrowingsectorsisheatedfoodsuchaspizzas.Avendingmachinecanreplacewaitressesinhamburgerjoints,ticketvendorsincinemasandcounterstaffinall-nightstores.

Thelatestcrazeisvendingmachinesthatselllove.Menlookingforagirl-friendpaytohavetheirvitalstatisticsfedintothelovemachine—includingtheirname,telephonenumberand,mostimportantofall,thekindofcartheydrive.Womendropinafewcoins,andthenchoosethetake-awaymanoftheirdreams.

1.Thereisavendingmachineforevery46people（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitemscanbeconsideredashigh-valueproduct?

3.Impliedbutnotstated（

）.

4.Theshortageoflow-wageworkersinJapaniscaused（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethetitleofthearticle?

問題1選項

A.inAmerica

B.inJapan

C.inFrance

D.intheUnitedKingdom

問題2選項

A.Videocassette

B.Pizza

C.Icecream

D.Whisky

問題3選項

A.Thecrime-rateofAmericaishigherthanthatofJapan

B.Thecrime-rateoftheUnitedKingdomishigherthanthatofJapan

C.Thecrime-rateofJapanishigherthanthatofBritain

D.BothAandB

問題4選項

A.bytightcontrolsonimmigration

B.byanagingpopulation

C.bydecliningbirthrates

D.allabove

問題5選項

A.Push-ButtonLover

B.CleverMachine

C.VendingMachineinJapan

D.ConvenientMachine

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句：Japanboastsmorevendingmachinesperpersonthananyothercountryintheworld,withoneforevery22people.America,bycontrast,hasoneforevery46;theEuropeanCommunityonlyoneforevery200.（日本擁有世界上人均最多的自動售貨機，每22個人就有一臺。相比之下，美國每46人就有1臺，而歐共體每200人中只有1臺。），從這里可以看出答案選A“美國”。

B選項“日本”，日本售賣機是每22人一臺，不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項“法國”，法國是歐洲國家，歐洲人是每200人一臺，不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項“英國”，英國是歐洲國家，歐洲人是每200人一臺，不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第二段第一句話becausetheJapanesemachinessellhigh-valueproducts,likewhisky,aswellastheusualCoca-colaandgum（因為日本的機器銷售高價值的產(chǎn)品，如威士忌，以及通常的可口可樂和口香糖）。第二步，綜合理解，文章有明顯的指向，威士忌屬于高價值產(chǎn)品，所以答案選D。

A選項“錄像磁帶”，第一步，精準定位，定位到第一段第二三句話Whatdovideocassettes,icecream,pizzas,whiskyandbouquetsofflowersallhaveincommon?TheansweristhatinJapantheycanallbeboughtfromavendingmachine.（錄像帶、冰淇淋、披薩、威士忌和花束有什么共同之處？答案是，在日本，它們都可以從自動售貨機買到），這里雖然有提到A項，但沒有說這三種物品是高價值產(chǎn)品不符合題意，這里屬于出處錯誤。

B選項“披薩”，見A選項解析。

C選項“冰淇淋”，見A選項解析。

第3題:事實推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段第二三句話InAmericaorBritainthenearestvendingmachineisprobablyvandalized,empty,oracceptsonlytherightmoneyinthewrongcoins.Thankstoitslowcrime-rateandsophisticatedelectronics,Japan’svendingmachinesaremuchreliable.（在美國或英國，最近的自動售貨機很可能遭到破壞、空無一物，或者只接受用錯硬幣裝對的錢。由于日本的低犯罪率和先進的電子設(shè)備，自動售貨機非?？煽浚┑诙渲v到英美兩國的售貨機很可能遭到破壞，而第三句直接說日本的犯罪率低，所以這里就暗指英美兩國的犯罪率會要比日本的高，所以答案選D選項“A、B都對”。

A選項“美國的犯罪率比日本高”；由上可知，美國的犯罪率的確比日本的要高，但是沒有說完全，屬于以偏概全。

B選項“英國的犯罪率比日本高”；由上可知，英國的犯罪率的確比日本的要高，但是沒有說完全，屬于以偏概全。

C選項“日本的犯罪率比英國高”；由上可知，英國的犯罪率的確比日本的要高，這里屬于反向干擾。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第四段第三句話Decliningbirthrates,anagingpopulationandtightcontrolsonimmigrationarecreatingashortageoflow-wageworkersinJapan（出生率下降、人口老齡化以及對移民的嚴格控制，造成了日本低薪工人的短缺）第二步，綜合理解，由此可知A選項“通過嚴格控制移民”；B選項“人口老齡化”；C選項“出生率下降”三個選項都是正確的，選擇任意一個都會犯以偏概全的錯誤，所以答案選D選項“以上都是”。

第5題:主旨大意題。第一步：文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章以疑問開始，講述了自動販賣機在日本的運用及普及，然后第二、三段講述日本售賣機可以販賣的商品，第四段講述販賣機在日本迅猛發(fā)展的原因，第五段講的是販賣機能夠賣的匪夷所思的商品，全文是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，都是圍繞著日本的售賣機而來，所以答案選C選項“日本的自動售貨機”。

A選項“按鈕的情人”是文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，犯了以偏概全的錯誤。

B選項“聰明的機器”只是在文章第四段有提及，犯了以偏概全的錯誤。

D選項“方便的機器”。全文沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

8.單選題

Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist（）thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.

問題1選項

A.hasmadesure

B.madesure

C.mustmakesure

D.makesure

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Itisimportantthat...句式中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句通常用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should通常省略。因此A、B、C的表達是錯誤的，D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

（）winsthecompetitiongetstotraveltheworldforayear,allexpensespaid.

問題1選項

A.Thosewho

B.Hewho

C.Shewho

D.Whoever

【答案】D

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。空格后接的是動詞wins“贏得”，可知空格內(nèi)缺少一個主語，且主語只能為單數(shù)形式。故排除A選項。贏了的人不論男女費用全免。Whoever相當于nomatterwho無論是誰，概括的范圍更廣。句意：任何人贏得比賽，可以環(huán)游世界一年，費用全免。因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Itistimethatsomeonemadehim（

）oftheeffectsofhisactions.

問題1選項

A.unconscious

B.aware

C.assured

D.thoughtful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious“無意識的；失去知覺的”；aware“意識到的;知道的”；assured“確定的；自信的”；thoughtful“體貼的”。句意：應(yīng)該有人使他意識到他的行為的影響了。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問題1選項

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯(lián)合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項B與之意思相近。

12.翻譯題

Assoonasawomanhascaughtherman,she“givesuphercareerforlove”一or,atleast,thatiswhatshewilltellhim.Hecouldhardlybeflatteredbythethoughtthatshehadbeensavedinthenickoftimefromhavingtosweatherwaythroughexaminations,buthewouldmuchrathergetdrunkontheideaofthelove4

【答案】女人一旦捕獲了自己的男人，便會“為了愛情而放棄事業(yè)”，或者，至少她會對男人如是說。雖說他大概不會既得意洋洋地認為，是他在緊要關(guān)頭救了她，使她免受考試的煎熬，但他卻寧愿陶醉于愛情“無法折衷”的想法，而這種想法是她故意裝作對她才有的想法。他甚至認為，也許她本來可以成為一名著名的外科醫(yī)生或出色的新聞記者，而她卻為了自己放棄了所有的一切。但他永遠不會想到，她更愿意當一個著名外科醫(yī)生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承擔(dān)責(zé)任，就能享有他那樣的收入和地位。因此，為了彌補她所做出的巨大犧牲，他決心讓她在自己的身邊過上舒舒服服的曰子。

13.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenl