書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。通過(guò)句意可知，Alex不是特別友好，他總將自己與其他人隔離開來(lái)。A選項(xiàng)為“障礙；分界線”；B選項(xiàng)為“基礎(chǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)為“邊界；邊緣”；D選項(xiàng)為“尺度；測(cè)量”。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Themayorcalledtogetherallhisstaffmembersandannouncedthatthefreshlyappointeddirectorofgeneralaffairswas（）hisex-wife’sson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nobodyotherthan

B.nothingotherthan

C.noneotherthan

D.nototherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。noneotherthan意為“不是別的而正是…”。句意：市長(zhǎng)召集了他所有的職員，宣布新任命的總干事不是別人，正是他前妻的兒子。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.翻譯題

世界不會(huì)缺少貪婪，且很少有人、公司或國(guó)家能例外。企業(yè)和國(guó)家總是相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，采用不那么合法的手段獲取優(yōu)勢(shì)。隨著全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)，技術(shù)擴(kuò)散至每個(gè)人，貪婪來(lái)到了那些可能永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)犯罪的人旁邊。貪婪在各個(gè)層面上都起作用，而大多數(shù)信息系統(tǒng)存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)則為企圖利用這些弱點(diǎn)的人提供了攫取驚人利潤(rùn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

【答案】【參考譯文】Greedisinnoshortsupply,andfewindividuals,business,orcountriesareexempt.Businessandgovernmentsconstantlymaneuveredtogainanadvantageovereachother,relyingonless-than-legaltechniquestogainanedge.WiththeGlobalNetworkinplace,andtheproliferationoftechnologyforeveryone,greedhasfounditswaytopeoplewhomightotherwisenevercommitacrime.Greedoperatesatalllevels,andduetothevulnerabilityofmostinformationsystems,providesopportunitytoexploittheirweaknessforenormousprofits.

4.單選題

Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress（）fortheoccasion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeencleaned

B.shouldhavebeencleaned

C.isbeingcleaned

D.hasbeencleaning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老板今晚要帶大家去看芭蕾舞劇，我得確保我的新衣服洗干凈了。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，首先排除選項(xiàng)C；選項(xiàng)B表示本應(yīng)該洗卻沒有洗，不符合語(yǔ)境；衣服是被洗，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，紐約是一個(gè)有痛苦記憶的地方。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Place,在主句中作表語(yǔ),所以定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞用that。

6.翻譯題

從某種意義上講，現(xiàn)代生活方式使人們彼此疏遠(yuǎn)，人與人之間僅存在一種有限責(zé)任。事實(shí)上，只要我們彼此履行了各自的有限責(zé)任，至于他人干什么，想什么，我們根本不在乎。人們不會(huì)再為朋友兩肋插刀，一生一世的朋友也不復(fù)存在，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代社會(huì)的朋友關(guān)系是建立在共同利益的基礎(chǔ)上，當(dāng)利害關(guān)系改變時(shí)，朋友關(guān)系也定會(huì)改變，在一個(gè)正在經(jīng)受著歷史巨變的社會(huì)中，人的利害關(guān)系如果不瞬息萬(wàn)變，那才是怪事呢。

【答案】參考譯文：

Inasense,themodernwayoflifealienatespeoplefromeachother,andthereisonlyalimitedliabilitybetweenpeople.Infact,aslongaswefulfillourlimitedresponsibilitiesrespectively,wewillnotkeepinmindwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneorthought.Thewillingnesstodedicatelivestofriendsandthefriendshipthroughthelifetimearenolongerinexistence,becausethefriendshipsinmodernsocietyaresetuponthebasicofcommonbenefits.Withthetransformationofinterests,friendshipwillbeboundtochange.Inasocietywhichisundergoinganenormoushistoricalchange,itisnotsurprisingtofindtheever-changingbenefitbasedrelationshipbetweenpeople.

7.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

8.單選題

Themanagerpromisedtopaythemwellandinreturnhewouldexpecttheirloyaltyand（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.execution

B.commitment

C.endurance

D.persistence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Execution“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行”；commitment“承諾，承擔(dān)義務(wù)”；endurance“忍耐，持久性”。句意：這位經(jīng)理承諾給他們高報(bào)酬，并且作為回報(bào)，他能夠得到他們的忠誠(chéng)對(duì)待和義務(wù)的承擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Whatistheproperbalancebetweenthecultureheritageandtheglobalizationthatthreatensto（

）theworldinonemodel?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.classify

B.justify

C.purify

D.unify

【答案】D

【解析】classify分類，分等；justify證明合法，替……辯護(hù)；purify凈化，使純凈；unify統(tǒng)一，使一致。句意：文化遺產(chǎn)和威脅世界統(tǒng)一成一種模式的全球化之間的適當(dāng)平衡是什么？選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央視所有慶祝春節(jié)的節(jié)目都通過(guò)衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-，選項(xiàng)A和B不符合句意，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對(duì)的”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocal當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的；地方性的”；B選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常見的”；C選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的”；D選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不順利的”。句意：由于天氣條件惡劣，旅行者們停下來(lái)露營(yíng)。根據(jù)句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp這些旅客停下了去扎營(yíng)”可知adverse在這里的意思為“不利的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。count“計(jì)算總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”；strip“剝?nèi)?，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，詳細(xì)闡述”；cast“投，拋”。句意：工程師們?cè)谶@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里花了數(shù)周時(shí)間（）新自行車計(jì)劃。能與plans搭配的只有C項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”。

13.單選題

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeaninsulttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however:constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrespect.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionsforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietary(所有權(quán))treatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge,andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithamedicine-makingcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyrestoredtoherpreviousposition.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingsimilartotenure(終身任職)forhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicexposureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepin“therightdirection”,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefundingresearchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnot,betoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistonsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathy(牛海綿狀腦病)epidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthecampuslifehasbecome（）.

2.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”inthispassagemostprobablymean（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay（）.

4.Theresearchermentionedinthethirdparagraphwasfiredbecause（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreconvenient

B.ratherugly

C.somewhatharmful

D.nomoreaestheticthanbefore

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.potentialmenacetolife

B.newfeaturesofcampuslife

C.newtrendoncampus

D.dependenceonindustryandcharities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.littleattentiontoappliedsubjects

B.dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

C.moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

D.considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sheworkedfortherivalofthecompany

B.shefailedtokeepherresearchresultssecret

C.shewasobligedtokeepherdiscoveriessecret

D.shewascommittedtoacontractwithacompany

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegeneralpublicistoonaivetoacceptthe“privatization”

B.thenotionthat“thecustomerisalwaysright”isoutofdate

C.itisageneraltrendthattherewillbemorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

D.thebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemicinBritainwasmoreseriousthanwhatwasdisclosed

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however:constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrespect.”，可知商業(yè)化校園生活的其他一些新特點(diǎn)確實(shí)對(duì)我們理應(yīng)尊重的事物構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅?？膳袛喑鲂@生活已經(jīng)變得具有危害性。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Whatdothesenotionsmean?”，可知文章接下來(lái)會(huì)解釋Privatization和businessmodel的意義。又根據(jù)下文，“theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionsforoperatingtheuniversity”，可知這些措施包括增加對(duì)工業(yè)和慈善事業(yè)的依賴，以經(jīng)營(yíng)大學(xué)。可判斷出Privatization“私有化”和businessmodel“商業(yè)模式”在文章中是指對(duì)工業(yè)和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的依賴。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactions......withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge...likeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.”，可知作者對(duì)于校園生活的商業(yè)化持消極態(tài)度，批判了學(xué)校商業(yè)化的現(xiàn)象。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注公眾的利益能夠免費(fèi)地共享知識(shí)和信息。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithamedicine-makingcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.”，可知加拿大一所大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院的一名研究人員與一家制藥公司簽訂了合同，她公開了自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即一種特定的藥物是有害的。這違反了她的合同條款，所以她被解雇了?？膳袛喑鲞@位研究員被解雇的原因在于沒有將她的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行保密而是公開。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.”，可知這使得其他人無(wú)法審查相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，并指出問題比政府所透露的更為嚴(yán)重?？膳袛喑鲆?yàn)檎梢赃x擇對(duì)一些有害信息保密，所以牛海綿狀腦病在英國(guó)的實(shí)際情況比政府所透露的情況更為嚴(yán)重。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。Problems前面有human作定語(yǔ)，可不用定冠詞。固定短語(yǔ)inlife中不需要加入定冠詞。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedman.WhatBhabhadescribesastheuncoveringofthe'contestationandflux’ofidentityhascontributedtothecosmopolitanproject.Manypost-colonialwritersinthisrespectpointtothepartialblindnessofnationalhabitsandtraditions,whichseeonlywhattheywanttosee.

Thediscursivesinofargumentsmadeinrespectofhybridityistopointtothewaycommonidentities(notjustelites)areforgedthroughtheunpredictableflowsofpeoplesandsymbols.

【答案】這種觀點(diǎn)看來(lái)，世界文化和后現(xiàn)代文化是一致的，后現(xiàn)代文化包含了世界城市的視覺和感官享受。比如好萊塢電影，麥當(dāng)娜的CD和澳大利亞葡萄酒。這是建立在左派思想的某些偏見之上的，它認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人離開了這個(gè)國(guó)家的邊界，就會(huì)“沉溺于特權(quán)和不負(fù)責(zé)任的超然狀態(tài)”。

從這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，世界主義成為全球資本主義潮流，其最明顯的效果是加強(qiáng)了社會(huì)各個(gè)階層之間的象征界限。

這樣一種社會(huì)主義的概念并不會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)，周游世界的記者們比那些從未離開過(guò)自己出生的城市的人更加國(guó)際化。原因在于從道德上講，世界主義與各種消費(fèi)圈是分離的。與此同時(shí)，提升包容不同的思維的能力。但是，世界主義確實(shí)能夠和各種文化開放的形式聯(lián)系起來(lái)，它與喬納森?盧瑟福所稱的“生活藝術(shù)”聯(lián)系更緊密，而不是躁動(dòng)性或享樂主義。

然而，它通過(guò)許多新的主張和議程保留了社會(huì)學(xué)的參考點(diǎn)，這些主張和議程涉及了文化的流動(dòng)性、多元文化主義、性別和性行為。

精英階層的混雜性和文化多樣性，與體制底層經(jīng)歷的分離化和庸俗化過(guò)程有著鮮明的區(qū)別。

弗里德曼的觀點(diǎn)是，在面對(duì)民族主義者的文化封閉和暴力時(shí)，這種洞見可能不會(huì)帶來(lái)什么幫助。

關(guān)于文化混雜性爭(zhēng)論的雜亂無(wú)章的罪惡論，在于指出共同的身份(不只是精英階層)的形成方式，是通過(guò)不可預(yù)測(cè)的民族和符號(hào)的流動(dòng)而形成的。

16.單選題

Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mild

B.slight

C.light

D.tender

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)mild“（天氣、情感）溫和的；（味道）清淡的”；B選項(xiàng)slight“輕微的；瘦小的”；C選項(xiàng)light“明亮的；（重量）輕的”；D選項(xiàng)tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，來(lái)讓肉吃起來(lái)足夠______。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresourcesawayfromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythanisexpendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowinnutritionalvalue,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefarmorethantheyneed—anotherirony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,mostadults—ofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3,800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothinkofanymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainlynottheagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating.

1.Thegreatironyof21stcenturyglobalpublichealthrefersto（）.

2.Toaddressthefundamentalcauseoftheobesityepidemic,accordingtothepassage,is（）.

3.Aswecanlearnfromthepassage,thesecondironyrefersto（）.

4.Asaresultofthethirdirony,people（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeexcludedbasedonthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecauseofobesityanditscounteractivemeasures

B.theinsufficientandsuperfluousconsumptionoffood

C.thescarcenaturalresourceandthenegligenceoffoodsecurity

D.theconsumptionoffoodandtheincreasedriskofdiet-relateddiseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toimprovepoliticalandeconomicmanagement

B.tocopewiththeenergyimbalanceissue

C.tocombatdiet-relatedchronicdiseases

D.toincreaseinvestmentinglobalhealth

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.affluenceandobesity

B.foodenergyandnutritionalvalue

C.foodbusinessandeconomicprosperity

D.diseasesofcivilizationandpathologyofinactivity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.consume3800kilocaloriesonadailybasis

B.complainaboutfoodoverproduction

C.havetoraisetheirfoodexpenses

D.aredriventowardsweightgain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicdimension.

B.Thepoliticaldimension.

C.Thehumanedimension.

D.Thedietarydimension.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillionsmoreareoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases”,這是21世紀(jì)全球公共衛(wèi)生的一個(gè)巨大諷刺；雖然由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等、政治腐敗或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，數(shù)以億計(jì)的人缺乏足夠的食物，但還有數(shù)以億計(jì)的人體重過(guò)重，已增加了患與飲食有關(guān)的慢性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity”,這種失衡的原因同樣具有諷刺意味：繁榮程度的提高，最后一段“Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployarmiesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibitovereating”，當(dāng)人們吃得更多的時(shí)候，所有國(guó)家都繁榮昌盛，所有國(guó)家都雇傭成群的說(shuō)客來(lái)阻止政府采取任何措施抑制過(guò)度飲食。由此可知，要解決肥胖的流行，要從經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治方面進(jìn)行管理。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive”,這種失衡的原因同樣具有諷刺意味：繁榮程度的提高。人們用額外的收入吃得更多，少做運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此可知，人們?cè)谧兊酶辉５耐瑫r(shí)，卻也有了肥胖癥同樣也是一種諷刺。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompeteforsalesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaignsdirectedtowardschildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.”，過(guò)多的食物迫使公司通過(guò)廣告、健康宣傳、新產(chǎn)品、更大的份量和針對(duì)兒童的活動(dòng)來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)銷售。食品營(yíng)銷促進(jìn)體重增加。由此可知，人們?cè)谶@種食品過(guò)剩的大環(huán)境中，被迫攝入過(guò)多的熱量，最后體重增加。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中并未涉及到人文維度。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accordingly

B.accidentally

C.artificially

D.additionally

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accordingly“照著，相應(yīng)地，因此”；B選項(xiàng)accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C選項(xiàng)artificially“人工的，人造的”；D選項(xiàng)additionally“此外”?？崭裉幐痹~修飾動(dòng)詞，B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：關(guān)于科學(xué)的錯(cuò)誤觀念之一是許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然發(fā)生的。

19.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個(gè)方面都像肉？選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“頌詞”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“頂點(diǎn)”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他們的全盛時(shí)期，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量是本國(guó)其他所有團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量總和。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acustomsofficer.

B.Theman'smother.

C.Aschoolheadmaster.

D.Animmigrationofficer.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.

M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.

W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.

M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.

W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。女士說(shuō)：Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我們得收回你的簽證)，說(shuō)明女士是一名移民官。

22.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并在句中作主語(yǔ)；that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

句意：在漫長(zhǎng)的等待之后，輪到他進(jìn)入人事經(jīng)理辦公室了。

23.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’s（）toobtainalicense.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanction

B.warrant

C.magnate

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁；認(rèn)可；支持”；warrant“證明；擔(dān)?！?；magnate“巨頭；資本家”；affirmation“主張；斷言”，根據(jù)句意可知在未到法定婚齡的時(shí)候結(jié)婚需要有父母的擔(dān)保，這符合邏輯。句意：在那個(gè)國(guó)家，在法定婚齡前結(jié)婚的人必須要在父母的……下才能拿到證。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

24.單選題

Shewaskeento________acause,andhasbecomeanadvocateagainstchildobesity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickup

B.giveup

C.raiseup

D.takeup

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pickup撿起，拾起B(yǎng).giveup放棄，讓出

C.raiseup舉起，抬起D.takeup從事，開始工作

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“acause（事業(yè)）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，bekeentodosth.是固定搭配，意為“熱衷于做某事”，表示她熱衷于怎么樣這項(xiàng)事業(yè)。后半句說(shuō)到“已經(jīng)成為反對(duì)兒童肥胖的倡導(dǎo)者（becomeanadvocate）”，由此可知，這項(xiàng)事業(yè)指的是反對(duì)兒童肥胖，她應(yīng)該是從事著反對(duì)兒童肥胖的工作并熱衷于此。takeup指從事某項(xiàng)工作，因此D選項(xiàng)takeup“從事，開始工作”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)pickup“撿起，拾起”指將某物從平面上舉起，不能和“cause（事業(yè)）”進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄，讓出”指停止嘗試做某事或擁有某物，與題干語(yǔ)義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“從事工作”而不是“放棄工作”；

C選項(xiàng)raiseup“舉起，抬起”指把某物舉起或移動(dòng)到更高的水平，側(cè)重于物理意義上的抬高，不能和“cause（事業(yè)）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】她熱衷于從事這項(xiàng)事業(yè)，并且已經(jīng)成為反對(duì)兒童肥胖的倡導(dǎo)者。

25.單選題

Completesilenceisfoundonlyinlaboratoriescalledanechoicrooms.Thewallsandceilings,madeofblocksofspecialsound-suckingmaterials,aremorethanthreefeetthick,whilefloorcoveringsaresix-footlayersoffeathersorcottonwool.Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off,yetscientistsgetusedtothisandstayinthesesilentroomsforhoursatatime,usingmicrophonesandelectronicequipmenttotestthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.

Architectshaveusedscientificdiscoveriestosolvenoiseprobleminanumberofways.Wallsarehollowed(havingemptyspaceinside)andthenfilledwithsound-suckingmaterialssimilartocottonwool.Extra-thickcarpetscoverthefloors,andthickwoolencurtainscoverthewindows.Airconditioningandheatingchannelsaremadelessnoisybysound-suckingmaterials．

Unfortunately,thesetechniquesandothersoftenworktoowellinsomebuildings.Noise-proofroomsbecomealmostanechoicandpeoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound．Onewayofhandlingthisproblemistousewhattheycall“soundperfume”—artificial(similarlyproduced,madebyman)noiseispipedtoroomsthroughsmallloudspeakers.

1.Scientistsuseanechoicroomfor（）.

2.Thewriterimpliesthat（）.

3.Peoplesufferinanechoicroomsprobablybecause（）.

4.Thearticlesuggeststhat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.measuringnoiselevelsofsteelworks

B.measuringblocksoffeathers

C.testingsound-absorbingmaterials

D.testingelectronicequipment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.untrainedpeoplecannotstaylonginanechoicrooms

B.performingexperimentsinanechoicroomscanbeafrighteningexperience

C.architectsmakepracticaluseoftheinformationgatheredbyscientists

D.scientistsdonotcarefornoiseproblem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyareallowedtomoveandspeak

B.theyareusedlohearingnoisearoundthem

C.thegreaterairpressurehurtstheirears

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loudspeakersareasimportantassound-proofingmaterials

B.anechoicroomswillbeincludedinallnewbuildings

C.scientificdevicesaresometimestoosuccessful

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...scientistsgetusedto...testthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.”科學(xué)家習(xí)慣待在這些安靜的房間里數(shù)小時(shí)，使用麥克風(fēng)和電子設(shè)備來(lái)測(cè)試各種減少噪音的材料。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off...”這里的安靜對(duì)于耳朵來(lái)說(shuō)是痛苦的，就好像鋼鐵廠里或者火箭發(fā)射時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的連續(xù)不斷的噪音。由此可推斷，在這種環(huán)境下做實(shí)驗(yàn)是非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二一句“peoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound.”住在里面的人因?yàn)闆]有聲音而感到不安。人們?cè)谙羰依镉X得很痛苦是因?yàn)槿藗儾涣?xí)慣周圍一點(diǎn)兒噪音都沒有，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，住在完全消音的房間里，人們往往會(huì)因?yàn)闆]有聲音而感到不安，這時(shí)候就可以使用人造噪音通過(guò)小喇叭傳到房間里。也就是說(shuō)揚(yáng)聲器和隔音材料同樣重要。選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)C是事實(shí)，不是文章給出的建議，所以不選。

26.單選題

Thebossnamedthecompany（）himself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.after

C.to

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nameafter以…命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字給公司命名。

27.單選題

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which（

）,increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bychance

B.inturn

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有壓力的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致如不好的飲食習(xí)慣這樣的不健康的行為，依次增加高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

短語(yǔ)辨析。Bychance偶然，意外;inturn輪流,依次;byfortune幸運(yùn);incase萬(wàn)一,假如.。故B符合句意。

28.單選題

Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot（）forherwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enoughgood

B.goodenough

C.asgoodenough

D.goodasenough

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管蘇珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相對(duì)于她的工作而言卻不夠好。

考查固定搭配。由enough修飾形容詞時(shí)一般需要放在形容詞后面且不能與as結(jié)構(gòu)連用。

29.單選題

Thelightistoo（）formetoread.Icannotstandanymore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rid

B.ripe

C.soup

D.dim

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rid“得到解脫的”；B選項(xiàng)ripe“熟的，成熟的”；C選項(xiàng)soup“使振作;打扮”；D選項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”。句意：光線太昏暗我沒法看書。我再也受不了了。根據(jù)后半句句意“我再也受不了了”可知，D符合題意。

30.單選題

Janehas（）wontherespectofeveryoneinthefieldofdancebothforthesocietyandherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservedly

B.exactly

C.despicably

D.diffusely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。deservedly“理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；exactly“恰好地”；despicably“可鄙地，卑劣地”；diffusely“廣泛地，擴(kuò)散地”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，簡(jiǎn)理所應(yīng)當(dāng)贏得大家的尊重。

31.單選題

Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbes