書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-日照職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

1.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat（）.

2.Theauthorassertsthatscientists（）.

3.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists（）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B.scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchersareconducted

C.scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D.unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B.shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C.shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D.shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveakeeninterestin

B.oftenspeculateonthefutureprediction

C.thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D.stickto“scientificmethod”

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B.canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C.relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D.aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.”，可知在實(shí)踐中，科學(xué)與其說(shuō)依賴于它所準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)驗(yàn)，不如說(shuō)依賴于人對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的思考。下文就用牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)地心引力的例子證明了這一觀點(diǎn)?？膳袛喑鲎髡呦胗冒_克?牛頓的例子來(lái)證明求知的思維比科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)更重要。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.”，可知不可預(yù)測(cè)性是研究的本質(zhì)之一。如果你沒(méi)有不可預(yù)測(cè)的東西，你就沒(méi)有研究?？膳袛喑鲎髡邎?jiān)信科學(xué)家不應(yīng)忽視對(duì)不可預(yù)測(cè)的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.”，可知在與一些科學(xué)家，尤其是年輕的科學(xué)家交談時(shí)，你可能會(huì)得到這樣的印象：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)方法可以代替富有想象力的思維?？膳袛喑鲆恍┠贻p的科學(xué)家似乎會(huì)堅(jiān)持使用科學(xué)方法而不是富有想象力的思維。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.”，可知如果實(shí)驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所表明的那樣，如實(shí)地按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行規(guī)劃和實(shí)施，那么管理層期望研究能產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的利益是完全合乎邏輯的。但是有時(shí)候科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果不會(huì)驗(yàn)證預(yù)測(cè)，并不像期望中的那么有利可圖。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Directions:PleasetranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

中國(guó)家庭十分重視孩子的教育。許多父母認(rèn)為應(yīng)該努力工作，確保孩子受到良好的教育。他們不僅非常情愿為孩子的教育投資，而且花很多時(shí)間督促他們學(xué)習(xí)。多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)希望孩子能上名牌大學(xué)。由于改革開放，越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)能送孩子到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)或參加國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目，讓其拓寬視野。通過(guò)這些努力，他們期望孩子健康成長(zhǎng)，為國(guó)家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】Chinesefamiliesattachgreatimportancetochildren’seducation.Inordertoensuretheirchildrencanbewelleducated,manyparentsbelievethattheyshouldworkhard.Theyarenotonlywillingtoinvestintheirchildren’seducation,butalsospendalotoftimeurgingthemtolearn.Mostparentshopetheirchildrencangotoafamousuniversity.Thankstothereformingandopeningup,moreandmoreparentsareabletosendtheirchildrentostudyabroadorparticipateininternationalexchangeprogramstobroadentheirhorizons.Throughtheseefforts,theyexpecttheirchildrentogrowuphealthilyandmakecontributionstothedevelopmentandprosperityofthecountry.

3.單選題

The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.multitude

C.frontier

D.leap

【答案】C

【解析】句意:隨著時(shí)間的推移,醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的前沿正在向前推進(jìn)。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen（

）tochangethetire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advanced

B.went

C.proceeded

D.moved

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。advance“前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步”；go“去”；proceed“開始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；move“移動(dòng)”。句意：這位機(jī)修工用千斤頂頂起汽車，然后換輪胎。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe（

）inChina’sindustries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtforward

B.broughtabout

C.broughton

D.broughtup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broughtforward“提議”；B選項(xiàng)broughtabout“導(dǎo)致；使掉頭；發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)broughton“導(dǎo)致，引起”；D選項(xiàng)broughtup“提出，撫養(yǎng)”。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾年，主要的變化將（）在中國(guó)的工業(yè)。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，空格處應(yīng)該填發(fā)生，所以答案選B。

6.單選題

Peoplewholack（）corevaluesrelyonsuchexternalfactorsastheirlooksorstatusinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.genuine

B.horizontal

C.naval

D.pessimistic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。genuine“真實(shí)的，真正的”；horizontal“水平的，地平線的”；naval“海軍的，軍艦的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”。句意：缺乏（）核心價(jià)值觀的人依賴一些外部因素，比如相貌或地位來(lái)使自己感覺(jué)良好。能修飾corevalues的只有A項(xiàng)。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthatherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses―thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbytrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handing,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby_____factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯(cuò)了），第二步尋找上下文線索，文章后面的解釋可以知道我們傾向于認(rèn)為社會(huì)因素導(dǎo)致兩性之間的思維和行為方式不同，但是研究表明這些是因?yàn)榇竽X結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致的，所以C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果無(wú)法支持大眾的信念”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)家正在進(jìn)行心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄的研究”，定位到第一段第四句話Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield…（現(xiàn)在生物學(xué)家們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了這個(gè)雷區(qū)……），這里只是說(shuō)生物學(xué)家開始探究男女之間的差異，但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)到心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄這個(gè)領(lǐng)域了，A選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“大腦的差異表明了兩性之間的優(yōu)越性”，定位到最后一段最后一句Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse（但他們匆忙地指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差），B選項(xiàng)的表述錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的差異早已為人所知”，定位到第三段第三句Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen（這是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異），從這里可知D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾，所以不選。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異）。第二步，綜合理解，由這里可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)”；

A選項(xiàng)“生物”，文中第一段有提到生物學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家都在研究?jī)尚灾g的不同，但是主題不是人們的心理認(rèn)知，這里屬于曲解原文。

B選項(xiàng)“心理”；同A選項(xiàng)。

C選項(xiàng)“身體的”，文中完全沒(méi)有提到生理這個(gè)因素，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第一句Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不那么容易）由這里可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的技能”；

B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)科目”，定位到第五段第二句話Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.（在世界各地的學(xué)校里，女孩在“語(yǔ)言科目”上往往比男孩好，而男孩在數(shù)學(xué)和物理上更擅長(zhǎng)。），這里只是為男女技能差異作進(jìn)一步的解釋，只是thesedifference的一種，這里屬于偷換概念，不能選；

C選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)”，與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“由大腦進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”，與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段最后一句Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（但這種顯著的差異肯定有一定的影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異是在大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力處理的差異），從這句可以看出作者希望能夠沿著這些差異繼續(xù)研究下去，這些差異涉及到智力有關(guān)的部分，找到差異的原因我們就能夠找到如何處理智力差異的原因了，而全篇都是在討論性別造成的區(qū)別，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)“性別之間的區(qū)別”；

A選項(xiàng)“大腦的整體結(jié)構(gòu)”，第五段沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“大腦的一部分功能”，我們研究了兩性差異才知道大腦結(jié)構(gòu)差異的部分掌握著智力功能的，所以不選，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“胼胝體的影響”，第五段沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:判斷推理題。第一步，話題導(dǎo)入，作者用科學(xué)家研究男女之間的差異的話題導(dǎo)入。第二步，文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，然后描述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)———兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣，然后再講述大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的不同產(chǎn)生的影響以及還在探尋的地方。第三步關(guān)注首尾兩段核心句，首段探討了兩性之間思維方式的差異，末段則是作者的展望：希望科學(xué)家們繼續(xù)在這一領(lǐng)域做更多的工作。第四步提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，這里中間段落都是在描述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段第三句themhavefoundthat“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)”，第三段第二句Scientistshavefound“科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)”第四段第二句Researchshowed“研究表明”，第四段倒數(shù)第一句accordingtoresearch“研究表明”，從這些關(guān)鍵詞可以看出答案主要是講述科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)”；

B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)解釋性和大腦結(jié)構(gòu)之間的聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)討論導(dǎo)致大腦差異的各種因素”；D選項(xiàng)“提出大腦研究的新領(lǐng)域”文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

8.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭(zhēng)吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

42.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(15’)

中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱“春晚”）自1983年開辦以來(lái)，已成為中國(guó)人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消費(fèi)品和一個(gè)揮之不去的文化符號(hào)。雖然眾口難調(diào)，但必須承認(rèn)的是，“春晚”已成為公眾所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不僅是一臺(tái)晚會(huì)，更是一種儀式與象征，一種文化與標(biāo)簽，一種情感與寄托。隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展及新媒體的出現(xiàn)，觀眾的選擇和需求日漸多樣化，“春晚”也在與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，以滿足大眾日益增長(zhǎng)的文化需求。

【答案】【參考譯文】

TheCCTVSpringFestivalGala(SpringFestivalGalaforshort),whichwasstartedin1983,hasbecomeanindispensableculturalconsumerproductandaculturalsymbolintheculturallifeoftheChinesepeople.Thoughit’shardtosatisfythetastesofallthepeople,ithastobeadmittedthattheSpringFestivalGalahasbecomea“newcustom”forthepublicthattheycan’tlivewithout.TheSpringFestivalGalaismorethanagala;itisaritualandasymbol,acultureandalabel,andanemotionandaplacewherepeopleentrusttheirheartsto.Withthedevelopmentofthetimesandtheemergingofnewmedia,theaudiencesarehavingmorediversifiedchoicesanddemands.Corresponding,theSpringFestivalGalaisalsoadvancingwiththetimestosatisfythegrowingculturalneedsofthepeople.

10.單選題

Johnwouldhavepaid（）forthejackethadthesalesmaninsistedbecausehereallyloveditscolorandstyle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasmuch

B.twotimesmore

C.muchastwice

D.asmuchtwice

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as,

這里實(shí)際上省略了第二個(gè)as及其后面的內(nèi)容,

只有選項(xiàng)A為正確的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式。

11.單選題

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vein“血管”；B選項(xiàng)veil“面紗，面罩”；C選項(xiàng)vicinity“臨近，附近”；D選項(xiàng)velocity“速度”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“footballer足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守門員沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球”，可知空格部分意思為“速度”，句意為：這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)球如此快，以至于對(duì)方守門員沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球。正確答案選D。

12.單選題

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。impetuous“性急的，魯莽的”；impertinent“無(wú)關(guān)的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)模幌喔傻摹?；imperative“必要的，緊急的，極重要的”；imperceptible“察覺(jué)不出的，感覺(jué)不到的”。句意：我鄰居傾向于用一種激烈、魯莽的方式做出反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

（

）asonlyasecond-rateImpressionistpainter,Pisarrohasrecentlyreceivedhighpraisefromartcritics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewaslongregarded

B.Longwasheregarded

C.Longregarded

D.Beinglongregarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞做狀語(yǔ)。再由這里事情的發(fā)生有先后順序知使用一般過(guò)去式的C項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)的被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在分詞表原因，所以不正確。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，Pisarro一直被認(rèn)為是二流印象派畫家，最近他受到了藝術(shù)評(píng)論家的高度贊揚(yáng)。

14.單選題

Inaneffortto（

）religiousdevotion,theofficialsorderedthattheschooldaybeginwiththesingingofahymn.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relinquish

B.denigrate

C.inculcate

D.nonplus

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。relinquish“放棄，放手”；denigrate“詆毀”；inculcate“教育，教授；灌輸”；nonplus“迷惑”。句意：為了灌輸宗教思想，官方要求教學(xué)日以唱贊美詩(shī)開始。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波動(dòng)）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機(jī)的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（聲音是由物體的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，并通過(guò)分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項(xiàng)“物體通過(guò)空氣的振動(dòng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（強(qiáng)度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強(qiáng)度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量聲音強(qiáng)度的單位”符合題意。

4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項(xiàng)僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項(xiàng)僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音的速度”符合題意。

16.單選題

Hishealth（

）allthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failed

B.hasfailed

C.wasfailed

D.isfailing

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果你不小心點(diǎn)，他可能會(huì)連家務(wù)都做不了。從從句的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)看，if引導(dǎo)的是真實(shí)的條件句，根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原則，從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以整個(gè)句子指的是對(duì)將來(lái)的一種假設(shè)，所以主句要用將來(lái)時(shí)，所以答案選D，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。

17.單選題

Pallphonedthatbecauseofanemergencyhehadto____ourappointment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callforth

B.calldown

C.callfor

D.calloff

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.callforth引起（某物）行動(dòng)或存在B.calldown招致

C.callfor要求；需要D.calloff取消

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“因?yàn)榫o急情況”，空格處所在部分內(nèi)容為“他不得不____我們的約會(huì)”，根據(jù)句意可得，因?yàn)榫o急情況的出現(xiàn)，他和我們的約會(huì)不得不取消比較符合邏輯。因此，D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消”符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】Pall打電話說(shuō)，因?yàn)橛芯o急情況他不得不取消我們的約會(huì)。

18.單選題

Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（

）television,radioandelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.via

B.amid

C.past

D.across

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。via經(jīng)過(guò)，通過(guò)，憑借；amid在……中間；past越過(guò)，超過(guò)；across穿過(guò)，橫穿。句意：電信的發(fā)展使消息通過(guò)電視、收音機(jī)和電子郵件的傳遞得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，爆炸式地向人們傳遞大量信息。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，此空意為通過(guò)……的方式，答案A。

19.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強(qiáng)制的”；protective“保護(hù)的”。句意：今年早些時(shí)候聯(lián)合國(guó)在維也納召開的濫用藥品大會(huì)取得了相當(dāng)大的成果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：眾所周知，氣體隨著溫度的升高和降低而膨脹和收縮。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)as關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代主句內(nèi)容；其引導(dǎo)從句比較靈活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被動(dòng)式。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.

Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.

Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.

【答案】科學(xué)家研究我們居住的這個(gè)世界。他們受好奇心驅(qū)使，當(dāng)有新發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)方法來(lái)解釋那些未解之謎時(shí)他們會(huì)變得興奮?？茖W(xué)家一般都不自私，他們樂(lè)于將喜悅分享給他人。他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)出版，這樣全世界對(duì)此有興趣的人都能接觸到。

事實(shí)上，他們交流結(jié)果也是為了自己?？茖W(xué)家們渴望與其他研究相同和類似問(wèn)題的同行交流。通過(guò)交換結(jié)果和想法，他們成功的機(jī)會(huì)更大，能更快達(dá)到目標(biāo)。通常他們研究的目標(biāo)大部分是屬于物理、化學(xué)或者生物領(lǐng)域的，這些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特質(zhì)。歐洲和中國(guó)的自然規(guī)律都是一樣的。正是這個(gè)原因使得科學(xué)家之間的對(duì)話不會(huì)為政治界限所阻。只要科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有同行在研究同一個(gè)問(wèn)題，無(wú)論在世界何處，交換各自的知識(shí)就能幫助對(duì)方推進(jìn)研究。由于這些原因，科學(xué)家之間的國(guó)際合作蓬勃發(fā)展。

很多人具備所有快樂(lè)的條件，比如健康以及足夠的收入，但是他們卻并不快樂(lè)。就這種情況來(lái)說(shuō)，似乎問(wèn)題出在生活理論的錯(cuò)誤上。在某個(gè)意義上，我們可以說(shuō)任何關(guān)于生活的理論都是錯(cuò)誤的。我們和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別并沒(méi)有想象中的大。動(dòng)物的生活是沖動(dòng)性的，只要外部條件合適，它們就會(huì)很快樂(lè)。如果你有一只貓，它只要有東西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶爾有機(jī)會(huì)出去玩，它就會(huì)很快樂(lè)。你的需求遠(yuǎn)比你的貓的要復(fù)雜，但還是以本能為基礎(chǔ)的。在文明社會(huì)中，尤其是在講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家，這一點(diǎn)很容易被人遺忘。人們給自己提出一個(gè)至高無(wú)上的目標(biāo)，并抑制一切不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的沖動(dòng)。

22.單選題

Icouldn’tbepresentmyself,butIsentmy（）tothemeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delegate

B.specimen

C.representative

D.representation

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我本人不能親自出席，可我派了代表出席會(huì)議。

考查名詞辨析。Delegate代表，代表團(tuán)成員，指委派到別處代某一機(jī)構(gòu)或某（些）人行事的人；specimen樣本，抽樣；representative代表，代銷人，詞義較廣，可指選舉或委派的代表，還可表示某一種人的代表人物；representation表現(xiàn)，陳述。根據(jù)前半句句意可知C符合句意。

23.單選題

Thosewho______energeticallyintothematterhaveprospectsoffindingothermoreconvenientsolutions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wander

B.penetrate

C.concentrate

D.emphasize

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wander“徘徊；漫步；迷路；離題”；B選項(xiàng)penetrate“滲透；穿透；洞察”；C選項(xiàng)concentrate“集中；濃縮；全神貫注；聚集”；D選項(xiàng)emphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重”。句意：那些積極鉆研這一問(wèn)題的人有希望找到其他更方便的解決辦法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Poseidonsatathisdesk,doingfigures.Theadministrationofallthewatersgavehimendlesswork.Hecouldhavehadassistants,asmanyashewanted一andhedidhaveverymany一butsincehetookhisjobveryseriously,hewouldintheendgooverallthefiguresandcalculationshimself,andthushisassistantswereoflittlehelptohim.Itcannotbesaidthatheenjoyedhiswork:hediditonlybecauseithadbeenassignedtohim;infact,hehadalreadyfiledmanypetitionsfor—asheputit—morecheerfulwork,buteverytimetheofferofsomethingdifferentwasmadetohimitwouldturnoutthatnothingsuitedhimquiteaswellashispresentposition.Andanyhowitwasquitedifficulttofindsomethingdifferentforhim.Afterall,itwasimpossibletoassignhimtoaparticularsea:asidefromthefactthateventhentheworkwithfigureswouldnotbecomelessbutonlypettier,thegreatPoseidoncouldinanycaseoccupyonlyanexecutiveposition.Andwhenajobawayfromthewaterwasofferedtohimhewouldgetsickattheveryprospect,hisdivinebreathingwouldbecometroubledandhisbrazenchest