書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Awell-fundednationalorganizationwouldbeableto___moreinfluenceinParliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaluate

B.perform

C.recommend

D.exert

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.evaluate評(píng)價(jià)；估價(jià)B.perform執(zhí)行；完成；演奏

C.recommend推薦，介紹D.exert運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是組織對(duì)國會(huì)有影響。選D.exert施以影響，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】一個(gè)資金充足的全國性組織將能夠在議會(huì)中發(fā)揮更大的影響力。

2.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)orrather“更精確的說，倒不如說”，B項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”，C項(xiàng)butrather“而寧可說是”，D項(xiàng)otherthan“除了”。根據(jù)句子可知，not…butrather…固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。句意：有時(shí)病人遭受嚴(yán)重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

ProfessorReich’splaneis（1）at2:30.Canyougototheairportto（2）himup?

【答案】1.arriving

2.pick

【解析】1.語義題。Arriveat到達(dá)。

2.固定搭配。picksb.up接某人。

4.單選題

Thousandsofanti-capitalistprotesterstook（）thestreetsinscoresofcitiesaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.into

C.to

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺騙，讓……進(jìn)入，改短”；B選項(xiàng)takeinto“考慮到，說服”；C選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，走向，開始從事”；D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛，脫下，離開，突然成功”。句意：成千上萬的反資本主義抗議者在世界各地的城市街頭上走著。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister(留下印象).

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchillingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat______.

2.By“thingslike…”“happeninthrees”,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve______.

3.Theword“courtesy”probablymeans______.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.goodmanner

B.appropriatespeech

C.friendlyrelations

D.satisfactoryservice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeningthethreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereissometrutheveninthewidestdreams

B.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.（因此，許多人相信他們的夢(mèng)是預(yù)言，因?yàn)樯贁?shù)人已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了；他們忽視或沒有注意到許多沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的。），說明作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該以個(gè)別應(yīng)驗(yàn)的夢(mèng)境得出夢(mèng)具有預(yù)言性這一推斷，畢竟大多數(shù)的夢(mèng)都是不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“即使有幾個(gè)夢(mèng)成真了也不能說夢(mèng)有預(yù)言性”正確。B選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)是預(yù)言性的，因?yàn)槠渲杏行?mèng)成真了”，C選項(xiàng)“如果清楚地記住了，夢(mèng)就會(huì)成真”，D選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)是密切相關(guān)的”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.（人們希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意義。這種信念源于人們傾向于讓第三個(gè)事件來定義時(shí)間周期。），說明人們總是希望從復(fù)雜的事件中找出某種規(guī)律，從而印證人們頭腦中早已形成的某種判斷。因此C選項(xiàng)“不幸往往按照一定的模式發(fā)生”正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的不幸往往每隔一段時(shí)間就會(huì)發(fā)生”，B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的不幸、飛機(jī)失事和死亡通常一起發(fā)生”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人一生中發(fā)生的不幸不會(huì)超過三次”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.（每個(gè)人都把自己看重的品質(zhì)看得很高：謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)重視小心，熟練的司機(jī)重視技術(shù)，禮貌的司機(jī)重視禮貌。），說明“courtesy”在文中是指“禮貌”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“良好的禮貌”正確。B選項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)难哉Z”，C選項(xiàng)“友好的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“令人滿意的服務(wù)”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.主旨大意題。由全文可知，作者希望人們更加關(guān)注那些不為大家所關(guān)注的，不符人們總結(jié)出的“規(guī)律”的事件，來避免從個(gè)別事實(shí)中得出不嚴(yán)密的結(jié)論的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)“不被注意的事情值得更多關(guān)注”最能概括文章主旨。B選項(xiàng)“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最嚴(yán)重的”在文中沒有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于利用支持自己信念的證據(jù)”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“相信不幸發(fā)生三次的人在解釋事件時(shí)是謹(jǐn)慎的”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.（也許我們能學(xué)到的最重要的心理習(xí)慣是在得出結(jié)論時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎。日常生活的“證據(jù)”有時(shí)會(huì)引起誤解。），說明不應(yīng)該以隨機(jī)證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)得出結(jié)論，因?yàn)樗鼈冇姓`導(dǎo)性。因此D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該把我們的結(jié)論建立在偶然的證據(jù)上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“即使在最寬泛的夢(mèng)中也有一些真相”，B選項(xiàng)“人應(yīng)該注意到別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“世界上的事件沒有秩序和模式”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Janeisagirlwithanartistic（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.temperament

B.temperature

C.temperance

D.tempera

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”；B選項(xiàng)temperature“度；體溫；氣溫；發(fā)燒”；C選項(xiàng)temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，節(jié)制”；D選項(xiàng)tempera“蛋彩畫”。填入名詞受形容詞artistic修飾，故temperament“氣質(zhì)，性情，性格，稟性”符合題意，句意為：簡是一個(gè)有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)的女孩。答案選A。

7.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ageneralpractitioner.

B.Gynecologist

C.Anorthopedist[?θ?’pid?st].

D.Sheissurgeon.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HelloDoctorMarks.It’sTimTailorfromANNEatEdinburghCentral.

W:Hello.

M:I’vegotayoungwoman,a30-year-oldwomanreferredupbyherGPwithakindofperinealabscessforabout10--15days.

W:Right.

M:She'sbeenonantibioticsandbasicallyitneedstobeincised.Canyoutakeher?

W:Ofcourse.What’sthepatient’sname?

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知，女患者是會(huì)陰膿腫，需要切除。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishtoChinese

Naturecontainstheelements,incolorandform,ofallpictures,asthekeyboardcontainsthenotesofallmusic.

Buttheartistisborntopick,andchoose;andgroupwithscience,theseelements,thattheresultmaybebeautifulasthemusiciangathershisnotes,andformshischords,untilhebringsforthfromchaosgloriousharmony.

Tosaytothepainter,thatNatureistobetakenassheis,istosaytotheplayer,thathemaysitonthepiano...

Thedignityofthesnow-cappedmountainislostindistinctness,butthejoyofthetourististorecognizethetraveleronthetop.Thedesiretosee,forthesakeofseeing,is,withthemass,alonetheonetobegratified,hencethedelightindetail.

【答案】在色彩和形狀方面，大自然包含所有的圖畫元素，如同鍵盤包含所有的音樂的音符一樣。

但是藝術(shù)家生來就有挑選和選擇的能力，將它們巧妙地結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一幅美麗的圖畫，如同音樂家用聲音譜成和音，從混亂無序的聲音中創(chuàng)作出動(dòng)聽和諧的樂曲一樣。

對(duì)畫家來說，他可以按照大自然本來的樣子創(chuàng)作，就等同對(duì)演奏家說，他可以坐在鋼琴……

白雪皚皚的高山若是變得清晰可見就失去了它的威嚴(yán)，但觀光者的快樂在于能看到山頂上的游客。對(duì)于大多數(shù)人，只是為了看見而要看見，只是為了使這個(gè)愿望得到滿足，因此，他們以能一睹細(xì)節(jié)為快。

9.單選題

ManyFineArtgraduatestake()professionalpracticeasartists,andthiscourseencouragesthemtoconsidertheirroleasartistsinthecommunitybyprovidingopportunitiesforshort-termplacementsoutsidetheFaculty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.up

C.out

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。takedown“記下”；takeup“開始從事”；takeout“取出”；takein“欺騙；吸收”。句意：許多美術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生把自己看作藝術(shù)家來進(jìn)行職業(yè)訓(xùn)練，本課程鼓勵(lì)他們考把自己當(dāng)做社會(huì)藝術(shù)工作者，為他們提供在學(xué)院之外的短期實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的；具備條件的”；B選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的；精美的”；C選項(xiàng)diligent“勤勉的”；D選項(xiàng)qualified“有文憑的；有限度的，有保留的”。句意：她認(rèn)識(shí)很多年輕人，但要選擇一個(gè)既有錢又有魅力的______卻不容易。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使這么多優(yōu)秀的人，選一個(gè)合心意的也不容易。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Desertanimals（）ameansofretainingmoistureinsuchahot,dryclimateiftheyaretosurvive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needing

B.toneed

C.needed

D.need

【答案】D

【解析】句中缺少謂語,選項(xiàng)A和B不能做謂語,首先排除；再根據(jù)前后謂語需保持一致的原則,可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。boundary“邊界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”；limitation“限制，局限性”。句意：這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但并不是沒有局限性。由bynomeans“并非，決不”可知后半句與前半句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘Radesky引用“靜態(tài)面部實(shí)驗(yàn)”來證明什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.嬰兒很容易通過看父母的臉來試圖理解他們的世界，如果這些臉是空白的、沒有反應(yīng)的——就像他們沉浸在一個(gè)設(shè)備里時(shí)經(jīng)常做的那樣——這對(duì)孩子來說是非常令人不安的。’和最后一句“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都在身邊，但需要有一個(gè)平衡，父母需要對(duì)孩子的情感需求的語言或非語言表達(dá)做出反應(yīng)和敏感。”確定實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明D選項(xiàng)“父母需要回應(yīng)孩子的情感需求”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘特羅尼克提到的壓迫性意識(shí)形態(tài)要求父母干什么？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“壓迫性的意識(shí)形態(tài)”要求父母應(yīng)該始終與孩子互動(dòng)?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“確保與孩子不斷的互動(dòng)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘據(jù)特洛尼克說，孩子們使用屏幕可能會(huì)怎樣？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特羅尼克認(rèn)為，孩子沒有從屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)并不意味它沒有價(jià)值，特別是如果父母有時(shí)間洗澡、做家務(wù)或者僅僅是因不用照顧小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他說，父母可以通過使用他們的設(shè)備和朋友交談或做些工作以獲得很多好處。這會(huì)讓他們感到更快樂，這會(huì)讓他們?cè)谄渌臅r(shí)間里更容易接觸到自己的孩子。”可知，孩子使用屏幕可以讓父母有更多時(shí)間去做別的事情，所以A選項(xiàng)“給父母更多自由時(shí)間”正確。

14.單選題

Shewasyoungandbeautiful;hewasoldbutveryrich.Rumorssaidthather______tendencydrovehertomarryhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avaricious

B.frugal

C.austere

D.penurious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)avaricious“貪婪的，貪得無厭的”，B項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的，樸素的”，C項(xiàng)austere“嚴(yán)峻的，簡樸的”，D項(xiàng)penurious“吝嗇的，缺乏的”。由rich可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：她年輕美麗；他雖然老了，但很富有。有謠言說她的貪婪傾向驅(qū)使她嫁給了他。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

16.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)中的matter做名詞時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個(gè)名詞，因此matter應(yīng)改為matters。

17.單選題

Werealizedthathewasundergreat（）,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.stress

C.crisis

D.nervousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮”；B選項(xiàng)stress“壓力”；C選項(xiàng)crisis“危機(jī)”；D選項(xiàng)nervousness“緊張”。句意：我們知道他壓力很大，所以我們沒在意他的壞脾氣。A，C，D都不能與under搭配，只有undergreatstress為固定搭配，表示“在巨大的壓力下”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Competentresearcherscitethemostauthoritativesource,butwhatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield.Notetheauthoritieswhomresearchersinyourfieldcitemostoften,whatprocedurestheytrust,whatrecordstheyregularlycite.Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.Thereareon-lineelectroniceditionsofShakespearesosloppilyeditedthatusingthemwouldlabelyouasincompetent.

Whenstudentsareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysourcesscholarlyjournalsandbooks——theyoftenresorttotertiarysources:textbooks,articlesinencyclopedias,mass-circulationpublications.Ifthesearetheonlysourcesavailable,sobeit,butneverassumethattheyareauthoritative.Beespeciallycautiousaboutbooksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.Authorswhowritefortheordinaryreaderaboutbrainsorblackholesareusuallycompetent,sometimesdistinguishedresearchers.Buttheymustalwayssimplify,sometimesoversimplify,andarealwaysoutofdate.Soifyoustartyourresearchwithapopularbook,lookatthedatesofthejournalscitedinitsbibliography.

Authorityalsodependsonbeingcurrent,butagain,differentfieldsjudgecurrencyindifferentways.Inthesciences,out-of-datamightbeamonthago.Inthehumanities,ascholarmightjudgeasreliableabookmorethanacenturyold.Thebestwaytojudgecurrencyistoskimdatesinbibliographiesofrecentjournalarticles.Whatseemstobethecutoffdate?Assumethatmosttextbooksandreferencebooksareout-of-date.

1.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageistotellstudents（）.

2.Theauthorswouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

3.Accordingtotheauthors,whatareauthoritativesources?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestparaphrasesthesentence“whatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield”？

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howtociteauthoritativesources

B.howtobecompetentresearchers

C.howtojudgeauthoritativesources

D.howtoreadauthoritativejournals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Competentresearchersmaynotrefertoon-lineelectroniceditions.

B.Scientificbooksmightberegardedasout-of-dateiftheywerecitedamonthago.

C.Studentsshouldnotresorttotertiarysourceseveniftheyareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysources.

D.Originaltextsofbooks,plays,anddiariesarenotauthoritativebooks.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.On-lineelectroniceditions.

B.Theeditionthatisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.

C.Areliablebookmorethanacenturyago.

D.Booksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Authoritativesourcesareconsideredimportantinsomefields.

B.Thenumberofauthoritativesourcesvariesindifferentfields.

C.Theimportanceofauthoritativesourcesisdifferentinresearchfields.

D.Authoritativesourcesarejudgeddifferentlyindifferentfields.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Out-of-datesourcesarenotcountedasauthoritative.

B.Studentsshouldnotusepopularbooks.

C.Primarysourcesarethebestauthoritativesources.

D.Secondarysourcesarehardtofind

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是如何判斷資源的權(quán)威性,選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A明顯錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,選項(xiàng)C表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第三句可知,選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Authorityalsodependsonbeingcurrent”可推斷,作者認(rèn)為權(quán)威是有時(shí)效性的。所以選項(xiàng)B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.”選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。

4.推理判斷題。句意指“什么才算權(quán)威又因領(lǐng)域而異”,再根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,作者指的是“不同領(lǐng)域?qū)?quán)威來源的判斷是不同的?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威資料具有時(shí)效性,說明過時(shí)的資料不具備權(quán)威性。選項(xiàng)A正確。

19.單選題

Themilitaryoperations（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析?？崭裉幾龅氖呛笾枚ㄕZ，修飾themilitaryoperations(軍事行動(dòng))，B項(xiàng)commenced(開始)符合句意。

20.翻譯題

作為中國歷史上一個(gè)文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時(shí)代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個(gè)時(shí)代被譽(yù)為中國思想的黃金時(shí)期和百家爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)期，它見證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個(gè)時(shí)代的中國古典著作直到今日對(duì)中國人的生活方式和社會(huì)意識(shí)還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)型社會(huì)以流動(dòng)的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國家的君主任用為顧問，針對(duì)治國之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對(duì)國人生活最具有長遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國同樣見證了國學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個(gè)人而不是社會(huì)中的個(gè)人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個(gè)人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時(shí)期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導(dǎo)者老子和孔子都在世界哲學(xué)史的發(fā)展過程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

21.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

22.單選題

Mountainbikingdemandshill-walkingstrengthaswellastrackridingskills.Initially,choosegentleroutesamongfamiliarterrain—orrisk______shoulder-carriers!

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.long-term

B.elongated

C.prolonged

D.lengthened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)long-term用于指“（從現(xiàn)在到將來持續(xù)的）很長一段時(shí)間”或者“與將來發(fā)生的事件有聯(lián)系”，如：long-termplan。其他3個(gè)選項(xiàng)的共同點(diǎn)都是“把……拉長”，但B項(xiàng)elongated僅指在空間上拉長，如：Thenoseistoomuchelongated.D選項(xiàng)lengthened可以指空間也可以指時(shí)間，如：Theroadcouldbelengthened.和HelengthenedhisstayinBeijing.但C項(xiàng)prolonged與elongated和lengthened不同的是，它指“持續(xù)到超過正常的時(shí)間限度”或“延長正常的時(shí)間限度”。句意：山地自行車不僅需要在賽道上騎行的技巧，還需要在山路上行走的力量。首先，要在熟悉的范圍內(nèi)選擇比較平緩的路線，否則有可能長時(shí)間地用肩扎著自行車。shoulder-carriers在這里指“（騎車人成了）扛車的人”。C選項(xiàng)恰好符合本句的意思，因?yàn)?，在騎車爬山運(yùn)動(dòng)中，有時(shí)扛車是難免的，但如果選擇路線正確，扛車的時(shí)間就不會(huì)太長，反之，扛車的時(shí)間就會(huì)延長。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibility