書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿遷職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Togreatacclaim,WangYing-laiandhisteamattheInstituteofBiochemistryinShanghaiannounced,in1965,thattheyhadsynthesizedbiologicallyactiveinsulin.SimilarresearchwasbeingconductedinlabsintheUnitedStatesandacrossEurope,butWang’sdiscoverywaswellinadvanceofhisrivals,andusheredinaneweraofsyntheticproteins.Thisexample,unfortunately,istheexceptionratherthantheruleforChinesescience.Chinahasalongwaytogotoberecognizedasaleadingscientificcountry,butrapidprogressisbeingmade.

ModernscientificresearchdidnotbegininChinauntiltheearlytwentiethcentury.ThefoundingoftheAcademiaSinicaanditsassociatedresearchinstitutesin1928signifieditsbeginning,butitsactivitywasseriouslydisruptedbyintermittentwarsandpoliticalturmoil.Sciencehashadlittlechancetotakehold.

Now,giventhesoundnessoftheChineseeconomy,thesteadyincreaseinthegovernment’sfundingforbasicandappliedresearch,andthegeneralappreciationoftheimportanceofscientificdevelopment,thetimehascomeforChinatomakeitspresencefeltontheinternationalresearchstage.

IhavehelpedtobuildseveralacademicprogramsinChinaduringthepasttwodecades,andInowbelievethattheremainingobstaclestoChineseresearchinstitutionsachievingexcellenceareculturalratherthaneconomic.

Authorityversuscreativity

TheConfuciantraditionofrespectingcustomsandhierarchyhascastalongshadowovermodernChina.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformityinthepastdecadeshavehamperedthecreationofanenvironmentthatfostersindividualcreativity.Deferencetoauthorityandtoexistingparadigmsisamajorbarriertoscientificbreakthrough.

ScienceeducationinChinaisextensiveandrigorous,andhaswonuniversalpraise.Butittakesmorethanthistocultivatescientists;studentsshouldbeinspiredtopursueknowledgeitself,andahabitofraisingquestionsneedstobefostered.Challengestoexistingevidence,hypothesesandconcepts,howeverI,oughttobeencouragedandseriouslyaddressed.

Respectforauthoritiesandthespiritofconformityleavetheirmarkonthestyleofscientificresearchaswell.ResearchprogramsinChinaoftencloselyfollowexistinglinesofresearchintheWest,usingsimilarparadigms.Thisoftenleadstocompetitionatadisadvantage.

ColleaguesinChinaoftencomplainthattheirresultsarenotappreciated,whereassimilarworkperformedinWesterncountriesispublishedinhigh-profilejournals.

Strengtheningtheuniquenessoftheirworkwillincreaseitsvisibility,aswillimprovingitspresentation.AttheInstituteofNeuroscienceinShanghai,wegiveregularscientific-writingclasses,usingdraftsofmanuscriptstoillustratehowtoimproveclarityandprecision.

Theseskillsareimportant,butultimatelyitisconfidenceandskillinattackingimportantproblemsattheforefrontofsciencethatwillleadtomajordiscoveriesandinternationalrecognition.

CriticalscientificexchangeisrarelyseeninChina,especiallyinpublic.YetopenandfrankdialogueisurgentlyneededtomakescientificconferencesinChinanotjustfriendlygatheringsbutintellectualeventsthatstimulateideas.UnduecourtesymaybeindispensableformaintainingtheConfucianorderinatraditionalChinesefamily,butitisdetrimentaltoresearchinstitutions.Onewaytoovercomethismightbefortheorganizersofscientificmeetingstobeginwiththestatementthatcriticalornegativecommentsaretobetakenasconstructiveinputs.

Theattitudetowardscritiqueisalsorelevanttothesubmissionofscientificpaperstointernationaljournals.Criticalcommentsbyrefereesmayatfirstglanceseemunfairorhostile.Researcherswouldbenefitfromamorepositiveapproach:itisoftenusefultoreflectuponthecommentsandthengobacktothelaboratorybench,ratherthansendingthepaperimmediatelytoadifferentjournalwithoutmuchimprovement.Forexample,investigatorsfromtheInstituteofNeurosciencehavemadegreateffortstoimprovethequalityoftheworkuponrejectionoftheirpapers,andthisapproachhasbeenrewardedbyamarkedincreaseinthenumberofpublicationsinhigh-qualityjournalsinthepastfewyears.

31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.

32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?

34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?

35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchbetterthan

B.similarto

C.somehowpoorerthan

D.notalloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.

B.Confuciusculture.

C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.

D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.

B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.

C.Chineseeconomy.

D.Thegovernment’sfunding.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.

B.Lackofuniqueness.

C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.

D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hostile

B.positiveandthankful

C.indifferent

D.worrisome

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.ThefindingofWangandhisteamis______thatofotherresearchersaroundtheworld.31.王和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)______世界上其他研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

A.muchbetterthanA.強(qiáng)得多

B.similartoB.相似

C.somehowpoorerthanC.某種程度上不如

D.notalloftheaboveD.以上都不是

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句“美國(guó)和歐洲的實(shí)驗(yàn)室也在進(jìn)行類似的研究，但王的發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于（wellinadvanceof）他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，開啟了合成蛋白質(zhì)的新時(shí)代（usheredinanewera）”，從inadvanceof（領(lǐng)先）和usheredinanewera（開啟了新時(shí)代）可知，王的團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)要比世界上其他研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)更好，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)在文中是說其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究類似，并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)類似，屬于張冠李戴；

C、D選項(xiàng)與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhatmarkedupthestartofscientificresearchinChina?32.什么標(biāo)志著中國(guó)科學(xué)研究的開始？

A.WangYing-Laiandhisteam.A.王英來和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。

B.Confuciusculture.B.儒家文化。

C.TheestablishmentofAcademiaSinica.

C.中央研究院的成立。

D.Disruptionofintermittentwars.

D.間斷性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的中斷。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞scientificresearch定位到文章第二段，從第二句“1928年成立的中央研究院及其相關(guān)研究機(jī)構(gòu)標(biāo)志著它的開始”可知，中國(guó)科學(xué)研究的開始的標(biāo)志是中央研究院的成立。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都與原文出處無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmainlyhindersChinesescientistsfromindividualcreativity?33.作者認(rèn)為，阻礙中國(guó)科學(xué)家個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的主要因素是什么？

A.Strongcouragetochallengeauthorityandexistingparadigms.A.敢于挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威和現(xiàn)有模式。

B.Authoritarianruleandpoliticalconformity.B.獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治和政治一致性。

C.Chineseeconomy.C.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

D.Thegovernment’sfunding.D.政府的資助。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息individualcreativity定位到文章第五段第二句“過去幾十年的專制統(tǒng)治和政治一致性阻礙了培養(yǎng)個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的環(huán)境的創(chuàng)造”，可知，是專制統(tǒng)治和政治一致性阻礙了個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)是突破個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力阻礙的因素，與題干相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)是當(dāng)前中國(guó)科學(xué)發(fā)展良好的因素，與題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.ForChinesescientists,asthispassageshows,whichreasonisnotamongtheonescausingthelowchancesofpublishingresultsinternationally?34.對(duì)于中國(guó)科學(xué)家來說，如本文所述，哪一個(gè)原因不是導(dǎo)致在國(guó)際上發(fā)表成果的機(jī)會(huì)低的原因之一？

A.Westernresearchersdonotappreciatetheirresults.A.西方研究人員并不欣賞他們的研究結(jié)果。

B.Lackofuniqueness.B.缺乏獨(dú)特性。

C.Uncommontohaveregularscientificwritingcourses.C.定期的科學(xué)寫作課程并不常見。

D.Raretoseecriticalscientificexchange.D.難得看到批判性的科學(xué)交流。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段最后一句“在上海神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所，我們定期開設(shè)科學(xué)寫作課程（regularscientific-writingclasses），用草稿來說明如何提高清晰度和準(zhǔn)確性”，從regularscientific-writingclasses（定期的科學(xué)寫作課程）可知，這并不是中國(guó)研究在國(guó)際上出版率低的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均是中國(guó)研究在國(guó)際上出版率低的原因，屬于反向干擾。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Whichtypeofattitudeshouldwriterstakewhenreadingcritiquesofpeerreviews?35.在閱讀同行評(píng)議的評(píng)論時(shí)，作者們應(yīng)該采取哪種態(tài)度？

A.hostileA.敵意的

B.positiveandthankfulB.積極和感恩的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.worrisomeD.令人擔(dān)心的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】文章最后一段第三句提到“研究人員將從一個(gè)更積極的方法中（amorepositiveapproach）受益：對(duì)評(píng)論進(jìn)行反思（reflect），然后回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)，而不是立即將論文發(fā)送到不同的期刊，而沒有太多改進(jìn)”，從中可知，研究人員應(yīng)該用積極和反思的態(tài)度來面對(duì)同行的批評(píng)，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

2.單選題

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)；relieve解除，減輕；retrieve恢復(fù)，取回；revive復(fù)活，復(fù)興。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我說這個(gè)不是為了勸你，只是為了讓我的良心好受些。所以本題選B。

3.單選題

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes―findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.

Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendlywealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that

（

）.

3.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefense

（

）.

4.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism

B.companies,financiallossduetoimmoralpractices

C.governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues

D.thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime

B.morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking

C.AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge

D.phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.revealedacunningpersonality

B.centeredontrivialissues

C.washardlyconvincing

D.waspartofaconspiracy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.generallydistortedvalues

B.unfairwealthdistribution

C.amarginalizedlifestyle

D.arigidmoralcode

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.

B.Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.

C.Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper

D.Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmeclianisni”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket(她（即Elisabeth）聲稱，由于我們集體性地接受社會(huì)中唯一的‘分類機(jī)制’應(yīng)該是利潤(rùn)和市場(chǎng)，所以誠實(shí)己經(jīng)瓦解)。因此可知A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的分類機(jī)制的后果”正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段中“Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.其它的記者竊聽電話案件等候著審判。這類傳說仍然在發(fā)生?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可推知B項(xiàng)“更多的記者可能被判電話竊聽罪”正確。A項(xiàng)“GlennMulcaire可能否定電話竊聽是一種犯罪”；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)于該指控（即電話竊聽），AndyCoulson應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是無罪的”；D項(xiàng)“電話竊聽在某些情況下將會(huì)被接受”。

3.推理判斷題。最后一段指出:MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers(雖然布魯克斯（Brooks）女士可能或可能沒有懷疑她的記者們?nèi)绾潍@取他們的新聞故事，但是她沒有問任何問題、給出任何指示一也沒有得到可追蹤的有記錄的答案)。由此可推知C項(xiàng)“幾乎是不令人信服的”正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞collectivedoctrine定位至倒數(shù)第二段:Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendlywealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation(對(duì)這一代人而言，集體信條是社會(huì)的分類機(jī)制應(yīng)該是利潤(rùn)。重要的言語是效率、靈活性、股東利益、有利營(yíng)商的財(cái)富產(chǎn)生、銷售額、影響，而在報(bào)社方面就是發(fā)行量)與最后一段:ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact(編輯世界新聞的目的不是去促進(jìn)讀者了解、在所撰寫的新聞方面保持公正或顯露任何共同的人性，而是為了追求發(fā)行量和影響而毀掉生活),由此可推知A項(xiàng)“通常被扭曲的價(jià)值觀”正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.編輯世界新聞的目的不是去促進(jìn)讀者了解、在所撰寫的新聞方面保持公正或顯露任何共同的人性，而是為了追求發(fā)行量和影響而毀掉生活),由此可知C項(xiàng)“在報(bào)紙編輯中道德意識(shí)是重要的”正確。

4.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來人類一直籍以為樂的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏，懂得如何才能使它對(duì)我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗(yàn)過讀好書之樂趣的人吧。

我對(duì)人最為感興趣，喜歡結(jié)識(shí)他們，喜歡了解他們。我認(rèn)識(shí)的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間，最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn)。我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會(huì)，還有新的語言。

把你的一部分空閑時(shí)光用來培養(yǎng)閱讀好書的愛好吧。愛讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂趣，他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食，從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識(shí)地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺中，他們從書中吸取的知識(shí)積累起來，經(jīng)過想象力的加工，對(duì)將來大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

5.單選題

Oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusis（）ofhowtogetmorewaterformantouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.what

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問題是如何獲得更多的水供人類使用。

語法題?？疾閺木??？崭窈竺媸莍s的表語，因此后面部分只能是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或者從句。這里用that指代前面的problem，故選A。

6.單選題

Shouldthiscrisiscontinue,thePalestinianheathsystemwillfurther（deteriorate）andserviceswillbedisrupted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.recover

C.worsen

D.decrease

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improve“提高，增進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“修復(fù)，彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)worsen“惡化，變得更快”；D選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小，降低”。句意：如果這一危機(jī)繼續(xù)下去，巴勒斯坦保健系統(tǒng)將進(jìn)一步惡化，服務(wù)將受到破壞。Deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheforestfromwhichMantakeshistimberisthetallestandmostimpressiveplantcommunityonEarth.IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging,savefortheseasonalgrowthandfalloftheleaves,buttoforesteritrepresentstheclimaxofalongsuccessionofevents.Nowoodedlandscapeweseetodayhasbeenforestforalllime.Plantshaveminimumrequirementsoftemperatureandmoistureand,inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive.However,assoonasclimaticconditionschangeinfavorofplantlife,afascinatingsequenceofchangesoccurs,calledaprimarysuccession.

Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold.Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife.Rootsprobeevendeeperintothedevelopingsoilandeventuallylargeshrubsgivewaytothefirsttress.Thesegrowrapidly,cuttingoffsunlightfromthesmallerplants,andsoonestablishcompletedomination-closingtheirranksandformingaclimaxcommunitywhichmayendureforthousandsofyears.

Yeteventhiscommunityisnoteverlasting.Firemaydestroyitoutrightandsettlersmaycutitdowntogainlandforpastureorcultivation.Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil.Shrubsandtreesareamongtheearlyinvaders,theirseedscarriedbythewind,bybirdsandlodgedinthecoatsofmammals.Foraslongasitstandsandthrives,theforestisavastmachine,storingenergyandmanyelementsessentialforlife.

1.Whatdoestheforeststrikemankindaspermanent?

2.Whathassometimescausedplantstodieoutofthepast?

3.Ina“primarysuccession”，whatmakesitpossibleformossestotakeroot?

4.Whatconditionsareneededforshrubstobecomeestablished?

5.Whyisa“secondarysuccession”quicker?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetreesareincommunity.

B.Theforestisrenewedeachseason.?

C.Man'slifeisshortincomparison.

D.Itisanessentialpartofourlives.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Interferencefromforesters.

B.Variationsinclimate.

C.Theabsenceofwoodedland.

D.Theintroductionofnewtypeofplants.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetypeofrock.

B.Theamountofsunlight.

C.Theamountofmoisture.

D.Theeffectoflichens.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Fernsmusttakeroot.

B.Thegroundmustbecoveredwithgrass.

C.Moresoilmustaccumulate.

D.Smallerplantsmustdieout.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thegroundismoresuitable.

B.Thereismorespacenewplants.

C.Birdsandanimalsbringnewseeds.

D.Itissupportedbytheforest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“對(duì)于人類來說，森林的永恒之處在于……”。文章第一段第二句提到“對(duì)于人類短暫的生命來說，森林似乎是永恒不變的”（IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging），因此選項(xiàng)C“相比之下，人類生命很短暫”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“以前有時(shí)導(dǎo)致植物滅絕的因素是什么”。文章第一段提到“在過去，地球表面每個(gè)部分都曾因?yàn)樘苫蛘咛涠怪参餆o法生存”（inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive），由此可知?dú)夂蛟驅(qū)е履承┲参餃缃^，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在初級(jí)演替中，什么是苔蘚生長(zhǎng)成為可能”。文章第二段第一二句提到“首先在貧瘠土地上生長(zhǎng)的是地衣，它們生長(zhǎng)在光禿禿的巖石上。慢慢地，這些微生物產(chǎn)生的酸性物質(zhì)破壞了巖石的表面，植物碎屑堆集，苔蘚會(huì)建立一個(gè)很淺的根系”（Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold），由此可知是因?yàn)橛械匾?，才有苔蘚成長(zhǎng)的可能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“灌木穩(wěn)固生長(zhǎng)需要什么條件”。文章第二段第三句提到“緊接著可能出現(xiàn)的是蕨類植物，短草和灌木逐漸從植物覆蓋的土壤中開始生長(zhǎng)”（Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife），蕨類生長(zhǎng)的前提是苔蘚形成的土壤層，因此可知灌木要生長(zhǎng)需要累積更多的土壤，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“第二次演替較快的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到“如果這篇土地被廢氣了，就會(huì)發(fā)生第二次演替，在更適合生長(zhǎng)的土壤將發(fā)展得更快”（Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的倒裝。句意：要不是公眾及時(shí)投資，我們公司就不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮。由此可知，主句和從句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，所以用would+動(dòng)詞原形；從句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，投資發(fā)生在公司繁榮之前，所以應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，即had+過去分詞。虛擬條件句中如果含有助動(dòng)詞should、had和were，可以將if省略，將助動(dòng)詞提前。這里還原應(yīng)該是“Ifithadnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic…”，將助動(dòng)詞提前之后就是Haditnotbeen，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?—butthere'scorollary（推論）toanimalsaswell.I’dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There’salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.

Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.

AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.

Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild’ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.

Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant（憤憤不平）,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.

ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevet（獸醫(yī)）tobesprayed（切除卵巢）.Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination（反責(zé)）,noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.

Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile（溫順的）.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfickleness（浮躁）andherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.

Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudging（不勉強(qiáng)的）comfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweights,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux（處于不斷變化中）.SometimesIthinkTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanks（猛拉）thembacktosafetyandsolidground.

We'veweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters—whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist’scharacteristicsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothecontext,themeaningoftheword“square”isclosetto（

）.

4.That“Twist’sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash”meansthat（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQ

B.herprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQ

C.weneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheart

D.sheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resignation

B.patience

C.forgiveness

D.tenacity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fast

B.straight

C.blindly

D.stubbornly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Twistiscapableoflookingafterthegirls

B.Twistandthegirlshavebecomefriends

C.Twistknowshowtofollowthegirls

D.Twist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.

B.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.

C.GratitudetoTwistforherrole.

D.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.（我們需要一些角色楷模是本能的，而在這一點(diǎn)上，狗就是一個(gè)很好的體現(xiàn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“我們需要如何遵循自己內(nèi)心的例子”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中的AndthuscameourdogTwist可知Twist是一只狗，第四至第六段的每段句首分別提到了狗的rawpersistence（堅(jiān)持，鍥而不舍）、unfailingpatience（堅(jiān)韌不拔的耐心）和forgiveness（寬?。┨卣?，故排除B（耐心）、C（寬?。?、D（堅(jiān)韌）選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)“順從”符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞square定位到文章第四段中的Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls，由前面的especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside（特別是如果任務(wù)是捕捉陽光，當(dāng)風(fēng)吹過外面的樹枝時(shí)，陽光在起居室周圍忽然搖動(dòng)）可推測(cè)此“狗是直接朝墻上的陽光跑去”較符合語境，square作副詞時(shí)，表示“正對(duì)著地，徑直地”，因此選B。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段中介紹了狗伴隨著朋友的青春期成長(zhǎng)，認(rèn)為狗最忠誠的伙伴，由此聯(lián)想到狗Twist對(duì)女兒們的忠誠，伴隨著她們長(zhǎng)大，因此D選項(xiàng)“Twist的忠誠有助于女孩們成長(zhǎng)”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.（但說到真正塑造她們的性格和使家庭融洽時(shí)，我從來沒想到我們會(huì)欠這位最小的家庭成員這么多）可知作者已將Twist當(dāng)作家庭中的一員，感激她所做的貢獻(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“感謝Twist扮演的角色”符合題意。

10.單選題