初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1解說(shuō)練習(xí)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1解說(shuō)練習(xí)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1解說(shuō)練習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞】構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式非在句中的作用（除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：V.-ing/V.-ed（規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）（一）動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)

Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我特別喜愛(ài)打籃球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是被用來(lái)寄信的。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教課方法。

表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或常常性的動(dòng)作。多數(shù)狀況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽髦髡Z(yǔ)。只表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞從前。注意：英語(yǔ)中有一些詞后邊常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。我們初中階段常有的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（習(xí)慣于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我們可按下邊的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）連續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不由想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜愛(ài)想念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）（二）動(dòng)詞不定式一、動(dòng)詞禁止時(shí)的構(gòu)成禁止時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，自己無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形。1二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforusto主語(yǔ)speakEnglish.講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不簡(jiǎn)單。表語(yǔ)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間房子。賓語(yǔ)—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜愛(ài)做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜愛(ài)打籃球。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我媽媽讓我向來(lái)彈鋼琴。定語(yǔ)Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要說(shuō)的嗎？狀語(yǔ)I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原由）很對(duì)不起，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作主語(yǔ)

說(shuō)明作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后邊。多數(shù)狀況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可變換作為主語(yǔ)。只好做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后邊。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真切的主語(yǔ)放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的質(zhì)量的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰慧啦。不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只好用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常有的這種詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今夜想去看電影嗎？②在find,think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it取代，而將真切的賓語(yǔ)放在后邊。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.③常有的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我寧愿待在房間里。不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我媽媽鼓舞我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear,listento）、三讓（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一定加上to。如：2Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一通宵。不定式作定語(yǔ)①不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞以后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。②假如是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上合適的介詞。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)憂的。5.不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。例題()1.Tom'smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.A:stoppingB:tostopC:stopsD:stopped()2.Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.A:whattodoB:todowhatC:whethertodoD:todowhether()3.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A:helpB:helpingC:tohelpD:helps()4Driversshouldn'tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A:driveB:drivingC:todrive()5.WaterParkisagoodplace________.A:tohavefunB:havefunC:havingfunD:tohaveafun()6.Taketimetorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.Relaxingallowsyou_______toyourstudieswithmoreenergy.A:returnB:toreturnC:returning()7.Nick,wouldyoumind________thoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.A:nottowearB:notwearC:wearingnotD:notwearing()8.—_______avolunteerisgreat.—Ithinkso.Someofuswant_______volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.A:Being；beingB:Tobe；beingC:Being；tobeD:Tobe；tobe( )9.—Don'tforget______yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.—Thanks.Iwon't.A:bringB:tobringC:bringing( )10.—Whatabout_______arest?—OK.Let'sgooutandhaveawalk.A:totakeB:takesC:taking( )11.—Ilikethissetofsofasomuch,butIdon'tknow______itinmysmallhouse.—You'resupposedtoputitinthelivingroom.A:wheretoputB:whytoputC:howtoput( )12.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped______andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.A:torun;toseeB:running;seeingC:running;tosee( )13.MayIhavearest?Ihavealreadyfinished______thereport.3A:writeB:writingC:towriteD:written( )14.—Ifeelabithungrynow.—Whynot_______fordinnerwithus?A:goB:didyougoC:togoD:doyougo練習(xí)( )1.Grannyoftentellsus________waterinourdailylife.A:saveB:savingC:tosaveD:saves( )2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished________theemail.A:writeB:towriteC:writingD:wrote( )3.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme______it?A:howtouseB:whattouseC:howcanIuseD:whatcanIuse( )4.—Where'syourbrothernow，Bob?—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim_______.A:playing；don'tdosoB:playing；nottodosoC:play；todoso()5.Asteenagers,we'reoldenough_______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A:tohelpB:helpingC:helped()6.Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.A:readB:toreadC:reads()7Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents_______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A:writeB:towriteC:writtenD:writing()8.Tomoftenmakeshissister,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhissister.A:cry;tocryB:tocry;cryC:cry;cryD:tocry;tocry()9.You'dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A:don'tspendB:nottospendC:tonotspendD:notspend()10.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_______theold.A:servedB:toserveC:serveD:serves()11.Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking()12.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_________megoinfirst.A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask()13.Shesawsomeboys_________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.A.playedB.toplayC.playing()14.—Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter?—Sorry,Iprefer_________ratherthan_________.A.tostayathome;gooutB.togoout;stayathomeC.stayingathome;