書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。本題考查動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式作修飾詞時(shí)的詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)investe“投資的”；B選項(xiàng)provide“給予”；C選項(xiàng)sustained“持續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)subsidized“補(bǔ)貼的；補(bǔ)助的”。句意：政府向人們提供資金，幫助他們?cè)诔鞘幸酝赓I(mǎi)房子。這種……住房制度使得許多人離開(kāi)城市。前句明確說(shuō)明是政府提供資金，屬于補(bǔ)貼政策，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Theauthorintroduceshistopicintheopeningparagraphby（）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraph1）impliesthat（）.

3.Theresearcherschosefemalecapuchinmonkeysforstudyprobablybecausetheyare（）.

4.Theresearchersfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyinganassumption

D.explainingaphenomenon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

B.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

C.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

D.attentivetoresearchers'instructions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

D.willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions

B.humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource

C.animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo

D.cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.考查寫(xiě)作手法。第一段將人與猴子之間的相似性進(jìn)行比較,說(shuō)明人會(huì)將自己與其同類(lèi)進(jìn)行比較，而一項(xiàng)研究也表明猴子也存在這種現(xiàn)象。A項(xiàng)"posingacontrast"提出一個(gè)對(duì)比，但文章不止提出了對(duì)比，還進(jìn)行了分析。B項(xiàng)"makingacomparison"作對(duì)比，符合題意。contrast多用于不同事物之間的比較；而compare多用于類(lèi)比，即同類(lèi)事物之間的比較。C項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)假設(shè)”，第一段說(shuō)的是人與猴子的比較，而不是假設(shè)什么東西。D項(xiàng)“解釋一種現(xiàn)象”與第一段不符。故B項(xiàng)正確。、

2.判斷推理題。由于題目表面看上去是問(wèn)一個(gè)詞組的意思，實(shí)際上只有先理解“alltoohuman太具人性化的”然后才能夠理解“alltoomonkey太猴子化了”。A項(xiàng)“猴子也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒。”文章中開(kāi)篇的時(shí)候只是說(shuō)人會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)動(dòng)物也會(huì)被懶散的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手激怒，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“猴子和人一樣，也會(huì)彼此嫉妒?！边@是最大的干擾項(xiàng)，本文的主題就是要告訴大家“猴子也痛恨不公平”，故該項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容有區(qū)別。D項(xiàng)“除了猴子沒(méi)有動(dòng)物能夠培養(yǎng)出這樣的感情?！睆脑牟⒉荒芡茢喑鲞@個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)“猴子與人一樣，也會(huì)憎惡不公平”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段以及第三段一句話“Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy."研究人員研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為。他們看起來(lái)很可愛(ài)。它們性情溫和，樂(lè)于合作，總是很晚才分享食物。最重要的是，和人類(lèi)女性一樣，他們往往比男性更關(guān)注“商品和服務(wù)”的價(jià)值。這些特征使他們成為布魯斯南博士和德瓦爾博士研究的完美對(duì)象。由“aboveall最重要的是”后面的內(nèi)容可知母猴更密切關(guān)注商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)值”也就是母猴權(quán)衡她們獲得的東西，該優(yōu)勢(shì)使其成為被研究對(duì)象。故C項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)文中雖有提到，但不是最重要的。AD兩項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段第二句"Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated"只有當(dāng)每只動(dòng)物都覺(jué)得自己沒(méi)有被欺騙時(shí)，這種合作才有可能是穩(wěn)定的?！庇纱丝芍狢項(xiàng)正確。AB兩項(xiàng)是事實(shí)，但不是結(jié)論。D項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。

5.判斷推理題。由最后一段"However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.然而，這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類(lèi)身上獨(dú)立進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，還是來(lái)自三千五百萬(wàn)年前的共同祖先，至今仍是個(gè)未解之謎。"由此可知B項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的對(duì)不公平的憤怒起源不明”正確。ACD三項(xiàng)都無(wú)法從最后一段推斷出來(lái)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto（

）youranger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdback“隱藏，退縮，抑制”；holdon“緊緊抓住，不掛斷電話”；holdout“堅(jiān)持，伸出，提供”；holdup“舉起，阻擋”。句意：如果你們都能克制住自己的怒火，這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵本來(lái)是可以避免的。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

ThepressinAmericaisparticularlyimportantbecause,（1）thaninanyothercountry,itisrecognizedashavingaresponsibleroleto（2）inrelationtooneaspectoftheprocessofgovernment.Thepress（3）isanAmericaninvention,anditbegantobeimportant（4）theformofameetingbetweenPresidentand（5）inwhichthePresident（6）question.Pressconferencestakeplaceall（7）theworldnow,butthepresidentialpressconferenceisaninstitution（8）givesusakey（9）thespecialroleAmerica（10）tothepressandtothenewspapermen.TheBritishparliamenthasitsquestiontime（11）eachdayMembersofParliament（12）questiontoministersinchargeof（13）departments,andsomeEuropeanparliamentshavesomethingof（14）kind.Thereisnopossibility（15）suchadeviceintheUnitedStatesCongressbecauseheadsofexecutivedepartmentsarenotmembersof（16）Thustheexecutivehasnopoliticalplatform（17）whichtoexplainits（18）andgiveinformation.PresidentFranklinRooseveltshowedtheadvantagesofusingthePressforsuch（19）whenhecalledregularmeetingsofnewspapermen（20）whichheinvitedquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.rather

D.greater

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.conduct

C.do

D.make

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.session

B.meet

C.meeting

D.conference

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.with

C.in

D.for

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.minister

B.officials

C.opponents

D.journalists

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.replied

B.repliedto

C.answeredto

D.returned

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.round

C.up

D.though

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.what

C.which

D.it

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.at

C.towards

D.to

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.resigns

B.assigns

C.designs

D.assists

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.on

C.for

D.in

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.answer

B.respond

C.address

D.serve

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.executive

B.management

C.execution

D.direction

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.asame

C.thesame

D.thesimilar

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.about

D.of

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.them

C.importance

D.significance

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.through

C.for

D.in

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.views

B.points

C.stands

D.locations

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.sake

B.save

C.intentions

D.purposes

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.for

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】第1題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“新聞在美國(guó)尤其重要”可推測(cè)此處表示比較，比在其他國(guó)家更重要，因此填more。

第2題:考查固定搭配。performarole意為“扮演角色”。

第3題:考查固定搭配。thepressconference意為“新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，記者招待會(huì)”，后面句子也提到了Pressconferences。

第4題:考查固定搭配。intheformof意為“以……的形式”。

第5題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文，可知此處為記者招待會(huì)，故應(yīng)為總統(tǒng)與記者的見(jiàn)面，因此選D。

第6題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。answer作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)；rely一般作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接to，replyto意為“回答，答復(fù)”。

第7題:考查固定搭配。allovertheworld意為“全世界”。

第8題:考查定語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞aninstitution表示物，因此用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

第9題:考查固定搭配。akeyto...意為“……的關(guān)鍵”。

第10題:考查固定搭配。assign...to意為“賦予（某功能或價(jià)值）”。

第11題:考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞time表示時(shí)間，因此用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

第12題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。answer意為“答復(fù)”；respond意為“回答，響應(yīng)”；address意為“對(duì)……發(fā)話”；serve意為“（為……）服務(wù)”。此處表示議員向行政官員發(fā)問(wèn)，因此選C。

第13題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處表示負(fù)責(zé)行政部門(mén)的部長(zhǎng)，與后文中的headsofexecutivedepartments相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選A。

第14題:考查固定搭配。same一般與定冠詞the連用，thesame意為“一樣的”。

第15題:考查介詞辨析。of意為“……的”，此處表示……的可能性。

第16題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文可知行政部門(mén)不是UnitedStatesCongress（美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)）的成員，因此用it指代美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)，選A。

第17題:考查介詞辨析。此處表示這些行政官員沒(méi)有地方通過(guò)論壇的形式解釋他們的觀點(diǎn)，因此填through（通過(guò)）。

第18題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。由后面的giveinformation（提供信息）可知此處與explainviews（解釋觀點(diǎn)）像對(duì)應(yīng)。

第19題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處表示利用新聞達(dá)到這樣的目的，因此填purpose。

第20題:考查固定搭配?？崭窈蟮膚hich指的是meeting，此處表示在會(huì)議上，總統(tǒng)要求大家提出問(wèn)題。atthemeeting意為“在會(huì)議上”。

5.單選題

15.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說(shuō)：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房東。

6.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.

Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.

Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.

Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.

1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer（

）.

2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby（

）.

4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin（

）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deservestheloweststatusinsociety

B.isunworthyofproperconsideration

C.receivesunexpectedqualityservice

D.isthevictimofsomepublicservices

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.customers'demandshavegreatlychanged

B.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistent

C.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomers

D.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.difficultiesinhiringemployees

B.deliberateunderstaffing

C.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembers

D.employeesirresponsibility

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demandsbycashiersforapayraise

B.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.

C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.

D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaff

B.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcounters

C.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treated

D.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者如何？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我受夠了被作為二等公民對(duì)待，僅僅因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)被不公正對(duì)待的社會(huì)成員—一個(gè)消費(fèi)者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer)，接下來(lái)談及到在飯店、郵局、火車(chē)站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等地的一些經(jīng)歷，由這些可知選項(xiàng)D“是一些公共服務(wù)的受害者”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為服務(wù)質(zhì)量正在變化的原因是什么？”文章第二段第一句話提到“你有沒(méi)有因?yàn)猷]局或者超市沒(méi)有足夠的員工來(lái)安排他們的工作窗口或者收銀臺(tái)而排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)？”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?)，選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)員工的考慮多余對(duì)顧客的考慮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái)，柜臺(tái)前排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的原因是什么？”文章提到之所以有時(shí)候需要排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的對(duì)是因?yàn)閱T工配備少；而文章第二段第二句話提到“在現(xiàn)在這種高失業(yè)率的情況下，雇傭收銀員或者柜臺(tái)員工是很容易的”（Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff），因此可以推斷并不是雇傭不到員工，而是這些商場(chǎng)或者機(jī)構(gòu)不愿意去花錢(qián)雇傭更多的員工。選項(xiàng)B“故意的員工不足”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為讓所有收銀機(jī)全部工作起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么后果？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“把收銀機(jī)全部運(yùn)行會(huì)增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts)，選項(xiàng)C“增加服務(wù)成本”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問(wèn)的是“作者建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該怎樣做？”文章最后一段提到“我們唯一的希望就是無(wú)論何時(shí)無(wú)論何地都要表達(dá)出我們的不滿(mǎn)，如果這些努力全失敗了，再去嘗試將古老的口號(hào)付諸實(shí)踐—去別處進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)”（Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere），選項(xiàng)D“去有更好服務(wù)的地方”符合題意。

7.單選題

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車(chē)修理工一進(jìn)入房間就開(kāi)始脫下他油膩的工作服。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

______Stevesaid:“IwillbecomingbackandifconditionsdonotworsensounexpectedlyIhopetomeetyouagain.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cryptically

B.Deservedly

C.Exceedingly

D.Excessively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cryptically“隱秘地，意義含糊地”，B項(xiàng)deservedly“理所當(dāng)然地，應(yīng)得報(bào)酬地”，C項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其，極度地”，D項(xiàng)excessively“過(guò)分地，極度”。由雙引號(hào)內(nèi)的句意“我會(huì)回來(lái)的，如果情況不會(huì)如此出乎意料地惡化，我希望能再次見(jiàn)到你”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中把A項(xiàng)代入進(jìn)去最符合句子的語(yǔ)境。句意：史蒂夫含糊其詞地說(shuō)：“我會(huì)回來(lái)的，如果情況不會(huì)如此出乎意料地惡化，我希望能再次見(jiàn)到你?！币虼?，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在過(guò)去的四十年里，西方漁業(yè)科學(xué)家研究了魚(yú)類(lèi)種群的動(dòng)態(tài)，目的是確定漁獲量與魚(yú)類(lèi)數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系。

顯然，科學(xué)不僅包括仔細(xì)觀察，而且還要樂(lè)于創(chuàng)新；這可能需要超越現(xiàn)有的在某一特定領(lǐng)域管理研究的模式。

從業(yè)者明確解釋他們所觀察到的內(nèi)容，并且通常在數(shù)據(jù)收集過(guò)程完成后，從他們觀察到的人的角度對(duì)他們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。

社會(huì)科學(xué)探究的對(duì)象是模式化的社會(huì)常規(guī)。對(duì)這些常規(guī)的調(diào)查顯示了大多數(shù)人類(lèi)的行為都是模式化的，從重大的行為到微小的行為。

華爾街以借來(lái)的時(shí)間為生。自從1987年10月的證券市場(chǎng)崩潰以來(lái)，散戶(hù)投資者紛紛撤出股票，新股發(fā)行大幅減少。

事實(shí)上，對(duì)這些清單的整理已經(jīng)足夠消除我們的虛榮心了。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人越多地看一個(gè)陌生領(lǐng)域中的東西，他就越迫切地想要放棄的編輯的裝模作樣，并承擔(dān)起學(xué)生的謙遜。

在所有學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度。情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過(guò)程影響著大多數(shù)人的行為。

文化是一個(gè)特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和生活方式的總和。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，每一個(gè)群體都有一種文化，無(wú)論在我們看來(lái)它是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的還是不文明的。

如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全了解另一個(gè)人的想法，它使我們能夠更容易地處理如秘密和欺騙那些阻礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確信息的事物。

雖然過(guò)去人口少且穩(wěn)定，可造成的永久性損害很少，但隨著人類(lèi)社區(qū)規(guī)模和數(shù)量的穩(wěn)步增加森林和土壤幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間恢復(fù)。

10.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glanced“瞥閃，瞥見(jiàn)，掃視，匆匆一看（強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)的加以注意瞥了一眼）；瀏覽；斜擊某物后斜彈開(kāi)來(lái)；反光；輕擦（球）；（板球）斜擊”；B選項(xiàng)glimpsed“瞥見(jiàn)（強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的，比如某個(gè)東西在眼前閃了一下，不是主動(dòng)去看）”；C選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)scribbled“亂畫(huà)；潦草地書(shū)寫(xiě)；寫(xiě)作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他離開(kāi)辦公室前___手表。本句表達(dá)“主動(dòng)地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“荒漠化和環(huán)境變化”；B選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)化和侵蝕”；C選項(xiàng)“土地生產(chǎn)率和肥料”；D選項(xiàng)“深耕和輪耕”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth，我們定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種物理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過(guò)侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的。）答案選B，其他選項(xiàng)與題無(wú)關(guān)。

第2題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化的積極影響”；B選項(xiàng)“科羅拉多大峽谷周?chē)穆糜螛I(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境變化的歷史”；D選項(xiàng)“流水改變大地的方式”；整篇文章沒(méi)有提及工業(yè)化和環(huán)境變化，A，C排除；文章只是用科羅拉多峽谷的變化來(lái)引入主題，沒(méi)有提及峽谷周?chē)穆糜螛I(yè)，所以B選項(xiàng)排除；文章第一句話點(diǎn)出主題后，后面都是談的水對(duì)地形的變化，所以正確答案選D。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“作者怎么展現(xiàn)大峽谷的？”；A選項(xiàng)“滑坡影響”；B選項(xiàng)“作為地理之謎”；C選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的消極影響”；D選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的積極影響”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種地理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過(guò)侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的。）由此可以看出科羅拉多大峽谷是地理奇跡而不是地理之謎，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來(lái)的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。）從這句可以看出大峽谷是水的侵蝕作用的積極影響，而滑坡是負(fù)面影響，所以排除A、C，答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是為了證明：侵蝕（）”；A選項(xiàng)“總是有益的”；B選項(xiàng)“緩慢的過(guò)程”；C選項(xiàng)“有負(fù)面影響”；D選項(xiàng)“能幫助形成洞穴和峽谷”。根據(jù)題干，我們定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句話是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來(lái)的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。）從although這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞可以看出來(lái)，整篇文章是要講侵蝕的不好的方面了，所以答案C正確。A，B，D選項(xiàng)雖然在前文中都說(shuō)到了，但是根據(jù)題干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能選C。

12.單選題

Successfulbusinessmentodayarelikelytobeyoungaggressiveandwell-educated.（

）theyarewillingtotakeriskstoachievesuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Afterall

B.Allinall

C.Overall

D.Aboveall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。afterall意為“畢竟”；allinall意為“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，大體而言”；overall意為“大致上，總體上”；aboveall意為“首要的是，尤其”。

句意：今天成功的商人可能是年輕、有進(jìn)取心和受過(guò)良好教育的人。重要的是，他們?cè)敢饷半U(xiǎn)取得成功。

13.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobenomorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorgetintouchwiththesupernatural-perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda“singer”toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingonthefloor.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwon’tharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisfingersontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor,withasteadyhandandgreatpatience.Heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Agoodtitleforthisarticlemightbe______.

2.Thepurposeofhealingceremonyis______.

3.The“singer”rubsandonthepatientbecause_______.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Itcanbeinferredthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ModernArt

B.TheNavahoIndian

C.Sandpainting

D.Medicine

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.topleasuresupernaturalpowers

B.toattractsupernaturalpowers

C.tofrightensupernaturalpowers

D.tocreateasandpainting

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithasmedicalvalue

C.itdecoratesthepatient

D.itisoneofthespecialprocessoftheceremony

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.paint

B.beachsand

C.crushedsandstone

D.flour

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisnothingbutakindofart

B.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisonlyahealingmethod

C.theNavahounderstandssandpaintingasakindofrelaxation

D.theNavahotakessandpaintingasapurepleasureoftheirlife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Suchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsofth