書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通理工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe（

）againstmurder.

問題1選項

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁，處罰”；prevention“預防，阻止”；fright“驚嚇”；threat“威脅”。句意：仍然有許多國家將死刑作犯謀殺罪的處罰。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

問題1選項

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤銷，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延長，伸出”。句意：以為鄰居的突然到來分散了他的對于痛苦主題的關注。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

問題1選項

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查條件狀語從句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想這個宣傳冊可能有所幫助。由關鍵詞may可知空格后的thecase這種情況并不是虛擬的，而是一個真實條件句，故不用倒裝，而條件句一般是用if引導。因此答案選A，相當于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整個句意為：也許你并不十分理解這部電影，沒結束就提前離開了。如果真的如此，我想這個宣傳冊可能有所幫助。

4.單選題

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

問題1選項

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐爛的；惡臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面過夜，它會變質。結合語境，表示牛奶變酸，故選A。

5.填空題

Thankyoufor（1）myquestions.IhopeIhaven’ttakenuptoomuchofyour（2）

【答案】1.answering

2.time

【解析】1.語義題。句意:謝謝你回答我的問題。

2.語義題。句意:希望沒有占用你太多時間。

6.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項deny表示“否定，否認；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會認為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

7.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,（）.

問題1選項

A.differsonlyindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.itonlydiffersindegree

D.differingonlyindegree

【答案】D

【解析】考查分詞結構。分析句子結構可知，兩個獨自的句子用逗號隔開且沒有連詞，說明后半句應使用非謂語成分，即動詞的分詞形式或不定式，這里只有選項D是非謂語結構，所以選項D正確。

8.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

問題2選項

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

問題3選項

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

問題4選項

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

問題5選項

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了議會和總統(tǒng)選舉的投票權，故選C。

2.細節(jié)事實。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他們應該受到同樣的尊重，享有同樣的社會權利，和他們的男性同事一樣的待遇)。故選C:美國女權主義者認為她們沒有足夠的社會經濟平等和政治平等。

3.判斷推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美國女孩不贊成女權主義者嘲笑婚姻

和戀愛。故選A。

4.細節(jié)事實。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故選D。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了美國婦女維護自己的權利和公平。

9.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認，證實;declare宣布，聲明;選項A和B都是后接名詞短語或that從句;confess承認，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認做過某事;claim聲稱，斷言，后可接名詞短語、that從句,也可接不定式短語,不定式中的動作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項D正確。

10.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉移”。句意：很多游客都被這個城市復雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉向。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強調句型。Itis+被強調部分+that+其他成分，選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問題1選項

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然；as同樣；muchas表示雖然，即使；since既然；for為了。句意：盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時跟我說話高傲的語氣。由like和hated可知，這是一種轉折關系，故答案B

13.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定詞組。男士說：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含義是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。

14.單選題

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

問題1選項

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口頭地；universally普遍地；wickedly惡劣地，居心叵測地；visually視覺地。句意：任何干涉他國內政的國家都應受到普遍譴責。選項B符合句意。

15.不定項選擇題

Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.

DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions.

"The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.

Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.

InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”

Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.

Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

問題1選項

A.Itisexpandable.

B.Itlookslikeatoy.

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.

問題2選項

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.

問題3選項

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.

問題4選項

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.

D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX’seighthmissiontoISS?1.SpaceX公司第八次前往國際空間站的任務中，新的生活艙有什么特別之處？

A.Itisexpandable.A.它是可擴展的。

B.Itlookslikeatoy.B.它看起來像一個玩具。

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.C.它要去外太空。

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.D.它不會返回地球。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“一個壓縮的生活艙將被運送并連接到空間站上，在太空中，它將擴展為宇航員的新棲息地（itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts）”，從中可知，新的生活艙的特點是它可以擴展，所以該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選線“它看起來像一個玩具”和D選項“它不會返回地球”在文中沒有提及，無中生有；

C選項“它要去外太空”并不是其特別之處，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?2.設計充氣太空艙的目的是什么？

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.A.要找出它潛在的容量。

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.B.這是對一項新技術的嘗試。

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.C.這是為了在生產中節(jié)省時間和金錢。

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.D.這是為了看看它是否能應用于深空。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞inflatablespacehabitat定位至第二段“由畢格羅航空航天公司設計的充氣太空棲息地是美國宇航局正在探索的潛在深空棲息地和其他高級太空任務的一個領域（exploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions）”，可知，設計充氣太空艙的目的是探索深空。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“要找出它潛在的容量”、B選項“這是對一項新技術的嘗試”和C選項“這是為了在生產中節(jié)省時間和金錢”沒有提及，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?3.第5段劃線的句子是什么意思？

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.A.這個棲息地不會是一個像氣球一樣的房間。

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.B.這個棲息地不會感覺像一個氣球。

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.C.這個棲息地就像一個毫無知覺的氣球。

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.D.棲息地將是一個不同的氣球。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段最后一句“不會有像氣球一樣的感覺”，結合第四段第二句“BEAM是遠不止像氣球一樣的房間，宇航員可以在那里尋求庇護”和第三句“該公司表示，從技術上講，這些模塊不會膨脹，而是會擴展”，綜合理解可知，“不會有像氣球一樣的感覺”這句話的意思是表示，這個棲息地雖然像氣球一樣會膨脹，但是宇航員在那里感覺不到它像氣球一樣。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“這個棲息地不會是一個像氣球一樣的房間”與原文中的farmorethanballoon-likerooms（遠不止像氣球一樣的房間）意思相反，反向干擾；

C選項“這個棲息地就像一個毫無知覺的氣球”和D選項“棲息地將是一個不同的氣球”理解錯誤，棲息地只是像一個氣球，但本質并不是氣球，該兩項曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?4.為什么NASA打算將太空的各個方面商業(yè)化？

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.A.它可以節(jié)省NASA的時間和精力。

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.B.這對一個蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來說是必要的。

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.C.這對進一步的太空探索至關重要。

D.ItmeetsbothNASA’sandBigelow’sneeds.D.它滿足了NASA和畢格羅的需求。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句“NASA與畢格羅的合作符合博爾登的愿望，即幫助發(fā)展一個強大的私營行業(yè)，將太空的各個方面商業(yè)化，他認為，如果人類想要到達更遠的宇宙目的地（ifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations），這一過程至關重要”，從中可知，商業(yè)化的原因是為了進一步探索宇宙，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它可以節(jié)省NASA的時間和精力”沒有提到，無中生有；

B選項“這對一個蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來說是必要的”理解錯誤，想要進一步探索宇宙是必要的，但是沒有提到這個行業(yè)是蓬勃發(fā)展的，曲解原文；

D選項“它滿足了NASA和畢格羅的需求”中的needs不符合原文中的desire，曲解原文。

16.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報告得出結論：招收女童入學可能是當今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

問題2選項

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

問題3選項

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問題4選項

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“農業(yè)作為一種生存策略出現(xiàn)是因為人類被迫……”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.（在把周圍的許多動物逼到瀕臨滅絕的邊緣后，人們被迫放棄原有的生活方式，轉而采取一種全新的生存策略，這導致了大范圍的饑餓和疾?。贿@種適應就是農業(yè)。）可知，A項“放棄他以前的生活方式”正確；B項“離開沿海地區(qū)”、C項“跟隨不斷變化的植被”和D項“放棄他原來的居住地”都屬于導致人類被迫放棄原有生活方式的原因。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“科學家認為人類進化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.（最重要的是，科學家們開始意識到氣候變化已經對人類物種的進化產生了重大影響）可知，科學家認為人類進化受到了氣候變化的重大影響，C項“很大程度上受到了氣候變化的影響”正確；由此也可知，A項“很少伴有氣候變化”錯誤；B項“對氣候變化影響不大”和D項“對氣候變化有重大影響”文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“過去氣候變化的證據(jù)表明……”。根據(jù)文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.（事實上，過去的氣候變化模式表明，即使沒有人類活動的影響，地球的氣候幾乎肯定會在未來經歷劇烈的變化）可知，C項“地球的氣候在未來必然會發(fā)生顯著變化”正確；A項“人類活動加速了地球環(huán)境的變化”、B項“盡管有人類的干擾，地球的環(huán)境仍將保持溫和”和D項“地球的氣候在未來不太可能發(fā)生重大變化”都與原文內容不符合。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望在文章中傳達的信息是……”。通讀全文可知，文章在第一段就闡述了氣候的變化導致人類放棄原有的生活方式而進行遷徙，尋求新的生存策略，接下來兩段就氣候的變化是如何改變人類生存和進化進行的闡述，最后一段總結根據(jù)過去的氣候變化模式，即使沒有人類的活動影響，地球的氣候依然會經歷劇烈變化，所以文章傳達的信息是人類在面對氣候的變化時，是無能為力的，故B項“面對氣候的急劇變化，人類實際上是無能為力的”正確；A項“盡管受到氣候變化的影響，人類文明依然輝煌”和D項“盡管自然發(fā)生了變化，人類文明還是會繼續(xù)發(fā)展的”沒有提到；C項“人類必須限制自己的活動，以減緩全球變暖的進程”與文意相反。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

18.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然選擇的假說可能不是一個完整的解釋，但它引出了一個比它本身更偉大的東西——對有機進化理論的接受，這一理論多年來一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物學家加入了反對陣營。對許多無法判斷生物學證據(jù)的人來說，進化論的影響似乎難以置信，而且是毀滅性的，它與常識背道而馳，壓倒了所有哲學和宗教的里程碑。即使是受過教育的人，在《創(chuàng)世紀》和《物種起源》中做出選擇時，也會和迪斯雷利一起宣稱自己“站在天使一邊”。

19.單選題

The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.

問題1選項

A.remark

B.relationship

C.removal

D.innovation

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remark評論；relationship關系；removal去掉；innovation發(fā)明。句意：噴氣式飛機旅行的發(fā)明似乎使世界變小了。選項D符合句意。

20.單選題

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

問題1選項

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)摹保籥verage“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通過粗略計算，他估計修理好這個房子需要花費一千美元。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

問題1選項

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.concern憂慮；關心B.magnitude（規(guī)模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）數(shù)量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查點】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞與speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一個由withwhich引導的定語從句，其句意為“人類改變物理和化學世界”，由此可以推斷，B選項magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合題意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人類改變物理和化學世界的程度和速度”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項concern“憂慮；關心”，不符合原文語義銜接；

C選項volume“（某物的）數(shù)量”，側重于指某事物的量，如業(yè)務量、工作量；

D選項carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】沒有什么能比得上人類改變物理和化學世界的程度和速度。

22.單選題

Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問題1選項

A.immigrationServicereportsin1930

B.theFirstWorldWarin1918

C.thefederalcensusin1910

D.southernnewspapersin1898

問題2選項

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

問題3選項

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers

問題4選項

A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

B.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

C.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問題5選項

A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.TheRea