考點(diǎn)9七選五（2017新課標(biāo)I）IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36.Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer37Wesleepinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom．ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning．Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner．Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife．Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVsetThereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigeratorThetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtainsItmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonatureIrecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyleAThistimetherewasnotentBThingsaregoingtobeimprovedCThetriptheytookmeonwasaroughoneDIwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,howeverEImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycampingFAfterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincampingGTherewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall（2017新課標(biāo)II）Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou'retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let'stakealookatthemnow.37.Tellthepersonyou'resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime．Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou，havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou'llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate（消除）futureinterruptions．Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don'tdoitinyourownoffice.39.it'smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter．excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint（暗示）thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you'renottobedisturbed.A．Ifyou'rebusy，don'tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB．WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC．SetboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoesD．Ifyou'reintheotherperson'sofficeorinapublicareaE．It'simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou'llbeavailableF．ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG．Leaveitopenwhenyou'reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou'renot3.（2017新課標(biāo)HI）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock36Hereishowtomakeone．37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?0nceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake．Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities．Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That'saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer．Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends．Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful．Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound39Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly．Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyo40reCordnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry．Getasleepspecialist.Findtherightmotivation.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.4.（2017北京）Everyanimalsleeps，butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake，freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（加強(qiáng)）connectionsbetweenbraincells，butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping．IfTononi'stheoryisrightitwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight's,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences．Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner．Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters”Tononisays.A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore．B．It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories．C．Similarly，whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping，theygetsick．D．Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories．E．That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning．F．“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning，”saysGiulioTononi，whodevelopedtheidea．G．Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections，orsynapses，inthebrainsof12mice．5．（2017浙江）HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthesport.31Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy．Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample，ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica，youmightask，“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?"32?Hitthestreetswithconfidence.33Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic．”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou．Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera．Don'tgetdiscouraged．34Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson．Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers．Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon'tbeabletouseit．Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.35Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don'tleaveworkwithoutthem．A．Limityourtime．B．Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite．C．Ifyoudon'townacamera，youcanbuyone．D．Fornewreporters，thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask．E．Togetgoodandusefulresults，askthemthesamequestion．F．Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed．G．Withaquestionlikethis，youwillgetmorethana“Yes”or“No”reply．6．（2016新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）Secretcodes（密碼）keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer．Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags（落后）farbehindcodemaking．Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography．Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof"Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”Spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme．”_38_Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26．Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135．”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences．Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,"bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me．”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme．”40_However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.SocodesmustbechangedfrequentlyAItisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebookBInanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothersC0nlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessageDAslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthemEYoucanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitoutFWithacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwordsGAnotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet7.（2016新課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）Agardenthat'sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum（總和）ofitsparts?36.Butitdoesn'thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.37Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.0thersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（肥巴料）.38.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.0neofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemories0urmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.39--howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.40thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG．Foreachofthosegardens,writerdownthestrongestmemoryyouhave8（2016新課標(biāo)全國(guó)HI）Everyoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.36Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon'tcookfishathome．Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome．Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn'tdifficult.37Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.38Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.39Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo．Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone．Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.40First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices（調(diào)料）．Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.（Alargeronewilltakemoretime.）Then,it'sreadytoserve.Donotbuyit.Theeasiestistosteamit.Thisishowyoucandoit.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.9.（2016北京）TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimesWedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus．Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork．Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.72AsthequalityofRisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext，humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk．Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled．Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes．Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit73Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears74Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences．Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell．75Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive．Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we'llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool．A．Italldependsonyourcharacter．B．Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake．C．Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival．D．Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest．E．Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld．F．However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandreward．sG．Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation．10．（2016四川）Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries36Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen．0nereasonforthisisbiological．0neimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.37Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility（生育能力）.Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandbloodflow．Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks．38Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen．Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.3^—Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo．Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendency（向）toagemoreslowlythanaman's.0thersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.40A．However,women,onaverage,livelonger．B．Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart．C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes．D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway．E．Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities．F．Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife．G．Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions．11．（2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolefrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore,37It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.口39Ifyou'vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere'sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we'llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidn'tlose"everything”.0ncetrustislost,口whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.Learntoreallytrustyourself.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.12．（2015北京）ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat'shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.73Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.72Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First,understandthatsomeopportunities（機(jī)會(huì)）fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.73Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.It'salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.74Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.75Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A．Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B．Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C．Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn'thaverelatively,CokeorPos-titnotes.D．Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E．Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F．Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G．Therefore,it'sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou'reinthedaydreamzone.（2015新課標(biāo)II）Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady,gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.36,buythebest-fitting,best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet,soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.37.Asalways,youshouldstretch（伸伸展）atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.38,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.39.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.40.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.AftersixdaysForagoodmarathonrunnerBeforeyoubeginyourtrainingWitheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileIftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemTimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingNowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime（2014北京）EvaluatingSources（來(lái)源）ofhealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofinsrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch．Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72Watchformisleadinglanguage．Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73CarefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstanditUseyourcommonsense．Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis．Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery江湖騙術(shù)）.75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus．Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyaboutthehealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife．A．Makechoicethatarerightforyou．B．Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething．C．Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions．D．Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch．E．Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice．F．Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor'spointofview．G．Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources．15．（2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds．1．CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37Askkids,"Whatingredients（配料）canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?"andthentrythemout．Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?2．CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity．3．InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids．Weknowwhat'sgoingoninsideourownhead，butwhataboutothers?Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39"Whydoyouthinkshe'scrying?""Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?""Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou，howwouldyoufeel?"4.Self-expression40Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas一music,acting,drawing,building，photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.Andwecan'tforgetscienceeducation.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon'tyetexist?Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.16.（2014遼寧）Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.0verfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight:Scheduleyearlyexams.36Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.?ProtectagainstUVrays（紫外線）.Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37?Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.38Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20、20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway．39Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins（維生素）CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth．?Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隱形眼鏡）．ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight．Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses，manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes，painintheeyes，oramoreseriouscondition．A．Eatyourgreens．B．Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife．C．Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes．D．Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins．E．Parentsusuallydon'tcareabouttheirowneyesight．F．Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforappropriatewear．G．Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness．17．（2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant．Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（利潤(rùn)）一thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.71Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders72Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.730neistheestablishment（制定）ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales,thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.74Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（監(jiān)管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.75A．Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork．B．Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement．C．Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals．D．However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts．E．Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments．F．Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement，organizationhastwomainaspects．G．Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects．18.（2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）PublicSpeakingTraining?Getacoach51,sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses，herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat'srightforyou.?FocusonpositivesAnytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouaren'tdoingwell.52,sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn'tdo.?53Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit'sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon'ts,walkaway!Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou'regoingtobetalkingabout54.Asfaraswereconcerned，therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking．Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends．?YouareaspecialpersonnotacloneMostimportantly，goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialonewithyourownpersonalhabits.55.Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonalitynottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyou'renot．A．Youaren'tlikeanybodyelseB．YoualreadydolotsofthingswellC．TurnyourbackontoomanyrulesD．Checktherulesaboutdosanddon'tsE．Whateverthepresentation，publicspeakingistoughF．Theonethingyoudon'twantisforthemtofallasleepG．Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse19．（2013遼寧）ForgivenessToforgiveisavirtue，butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy．Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou，itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate．However，forgivenessispossible，anditcanbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth．Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness，angerandstressandmorehopefulness，accordingtoarecentresearch．71Trythefollowingsteps:Calmyourself.72Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature，orsomeoneyoulove．Don'twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon'tseethingsthesameway_73Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender冒犯者）.Rethinkingaboutyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings，learntolookforthelove，beautyandkindnessaroundyou.74Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness，fear，andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender'spointofview.Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself.75Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon'tdoit．A．Whyshouldyouforgive?B．Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?C．Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness．D．Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle．E．Forsomepeople，forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge．F．Tomakeyourangerdieaway，tryasimplestress-managementtechnique．G．Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize，youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime．20．（2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)）Kids'health:FourstepsforfightingstressEverybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.71Somewaysofdealingwithstress——likescreamingorhittingsomeone—don'tsolve(解決)much.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust，canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter．Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed：Getsupport．Whenyouneedhelp，reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou．Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems，suchasdealingwithatest，orthedeathofabelovedpet．Don'ttakeitoutonyourself．Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves．0h,dear,that'snotagoodidea．Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.73Trytosolvetheproblem．Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.74Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.Bepositive.Moststressistemporary(暫時(shí)的).Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit．Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork．Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbettereve