UveitisBurningoftheeyeRednessoftheeyeBlurredvisionPhotophobiaorsensitivitytolightKeraticprecipitatesCASE1Episodesareconsideredtobeshortiftheylastforlessthan3monthsLongorchroniciftheylastlonger

acuteorchronicanterioruveitisincludesiritisandiridocyclitisintermediateuveitisincludescyclitis,vitritis,andparsplanitisposterioruveitisincludesretinitisandchoroiditis.panuveitis-inflammationofallpartsoftheuveaanterior、intermediateorposteriorunilateraltoxocariasisandFuchs'iridocyclitisunilateral→bilateralHLA-B27-associatediridocyclitisbilateralVogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)syndromeunilateralorbilateralUveitisisconsideredgranulomatousifthereareBusaccanodulesintheirisstroma,largegreasy“mutton-fat”keraticprecipitates,largevitreoussnowballs,orchoroidalgranulomasgranulomatousornongranulomatousciliaryspasm.radiatetotheperiorbitalregionandtotheeye.axonreflex.cycloplegiaPAINfloatersmacularedemamicropsia,andmetamorphopsia.BLURREDVISIONClustersofinflammatorycellsdepositedontheendothelialsurfaceofthecorneaKERATICPRECIPITATESslit-lampbeamisseenintheanteriorchamber“flare”representsbreakdownoftheblood-aqueousbarrierwithexudationofprotein.FlareDescription0Completeabsence1+Faintflare(barelydetectable)2+Moderateflare(irisandlensdetailsclear)3+Markedflare(irisandlensdetailshazy)ANTERIORCHAMBERFLAREactiveinflammationoftheirisandciliarybodylargercells——macrophagesorlymphocytessmallercells——maybeindividuallymphocytesANTERIORCHAMBERCELLSGradeCellsperField0NocellsRare1–2Occasional3–71+7–102+10–203+20–504+50ormorePatientswithacuteanterioruveitisusuallypresentwithlowIOPPatientswithchroniciridocyclitisfrequentlydevelopelevatedIOPINTRAOCULARPRESSUREbilateraldiffuseuveitispainrednessblurringofvision.auditory(tinnitus,vertigo,andhypoacusis)neurological(meningismus,withmalaise,fever,headache,nausea,abdominalpain,stiffnessoftheneckandback,oracombinationofthesefactors;meningitis,CSFpleocytosis,cranialnervepalsies,hemiparesis,transversemyelitisandciliaryganglionitis)cutaneousmanifestations,includingpoliosis,vitiligo,andalopecia.Thevitiligooftenisfoundatthesacralregion.bilateralpanuveitiscausingblurringofvisionifinitiallyunilateralTheprocesscanincludebilateralgranulomatousanterioruveitis,variabledegreeofvitritis,thickeningoftheposteriorchoroidwithelevationoftheperipapillaryretinalchoroidallayer,opticnervehyperemiaandpapillitis,andmultipleexudativebullousserousretinaldetachments.acuteuveiticphasegradualtissuedepigmentationofskinwithvitiligoandpoliosisnummulardepigmentedscarsalopeciadiffusefundusdepigmentationresultinginaclassicorange-reddiscoloration("sunsetglowfundus")retinalpigmentepitheliumclumpingand/ormigration.convalescentphaserepeatedboutsofuveitisgranulomatousanteriorinflammationcataractsglaucomaocularhypertensiondysacusiachronicrecurrentphaseelectroretinogramvisualfieldtestingretinographyfluoresceinindocyaninegreenangiographyopticalcoherencetomographyultrasoundocularMRIaudiologictestinghistopathologydiagnosis

theacuteuveitisphaseofVKHisusuallyresponsivetohigh-doseoralcorticosteroids;parenteraladministrationisusuallynotrequired.ocularcomplicationsmayrequireansubtenonorintravitreousinjectionofcorticosteroidsorbevacizumab.inrefractorysituations,otherimmunosuppressivessuchascyclosporine,ortacrolimus,antimetabolites(azathioprine,mycophenolatemofetilormethotrexate),orbiologicalagentssuchasintravenousimmunoglobulins(IVIG)orinfliximabmaybeneeded.cycloplegicagentstreatmentVisualprognosisisgenerallygoodwithpromptdiagnosisandaggressiveimmunomodulatorytreatment.Innerearsymptomsusuallyrespondtocorticosteroidtherapywithinweekstomonths;hearingusuallyrecoverscompletely.Chroniceyeeffectssuchascataracts,glaucoma,andopticatrophycanoccur.Sgnosis

SympatheticophthalmiaEyefloaterssevereuveitiswithpainandphotophobia.symptomslikeVKHseekingahistoryofeyeinjuryskintestswithsolubleextractsofhumanorbovineuvealtissuearesaidtoelicitdelayedhypersensitivityresponsesinthesepatients.circulatingantibodiestouvealantigenshavebeenfoundinpatientswithSOandVKH,aswellasthosewithlong-standinguveitis,makingthisalessthanspecificassayforSOandVKH.diagnosisSympatheticophthalmiaisrare,affecting0.2%to0.5%ofnon-surgicaleyewounds,andlessthan0.01%ofsurgicalpenetratingeyewounds.TherearenogenderorracialdifferencesinincidenceofSO.EpidemiologyBecauseSOissorarelyencounteredfollowingeyeinjury,evenwhentheinjuredeyeisretained,thefirstchoiceoftreatmentmaynotbeenucleationorevisceration,especiallyifthereisachancethattheinjuredeyemayregainsomefunction.Additionally,withcurrentadvancedsurgicaltechniques,manyeyesonceconsiderednonviablenowhaveafairprognosis.preventionwithinthefirst2weeksofinjury.Severalretrospectivestudiesinvolvingover3000