人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit3-4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit3-4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit3-4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit3-4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit3-4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及檢測(cè)【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.熟練單詞和短語(yǔ)用法2.掌握形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)用法3.掌握相關(guān)重點(diǎn)詞匯【知識(shí)梳理】一．知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與練習(xí)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1.意義英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)、副詞是可以分等級(jí)的，一般有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞的本來(lái)形式就是形容詞的原級(jí)。如：Johnisatallboy.兩者間進(jìn)行比較用到形容詞比較級(jí)。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上進(jìn)行比較用形容詞的最高級(jí)。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：(形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the)如：longlongerlongest原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的鋼筆很長(zhǎng)。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.藍(lán)色的鋼筆比黑色的長(zhǎng)。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長(zhǎng)的。2.列表如下：構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化：6）有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。列表如下：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)old老的older年齡較大的；較舊的oldest年齡最大的；最舊的elder僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼eldest僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼形容詞最高級(jí)的用法1.形容詞的最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較，其中有一個(gè)在某一方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四個(gè)女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。2.使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，句中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)由in或of構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明范圍。in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)，of表示屬性，意為“某一類中的”。of表示比較的對(duì)象屬于同一范疇；in則表示不屬于同一范疇。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.約翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.瑪麗是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+of(in)+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。形容詞最高級(jí)的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)1.形容詞的最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞the,而副詞的最高級(jí)前面定冠詞the可以省略。但若形容詞最高級(jí)前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格限制時(shí)，則不能再加定冠詞the。如：Thetallestboyjumps(the)highestinhisclass.最高的那個(gè)男孩在他班上跳得最高。(tall為形容詞,最高級(jí)前要加the；high在此為副詞，最高級(jí)前可不加the)Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的兒子。(句中的oldest前有形容詞性物主代詞限制，不能再加the)2.常見(jiàn)的用來(lái)表示范圍的介詞有in,of,among。(1)in表示環(huán)境范圍，通常用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的比較，后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時(shí)間、單位、團(tuán)體等的名詞或代詞，并且后面的名詞和主語(yǔ)不是同一概念的范疇。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.倫敦是英國(guó)最大的城市。(2)of用來(lái)表示對(duì)象范圍，一般用于同類事物之間的比較，且of后面的名詞與主語(yǔ)是同一概念的范疇。如：He’sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有學(xué)生中，他是最聰明的。(3)among用于在多數(shù)同類事物中(通常為三者以上)進(jìn)行比較，表示其中之最，后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of一樣，也表示對(duì)象范圍，因此among與of有時(shí)可互換使用。3.“oneof+the+最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之一。4.比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)改寫(xiě)為：比較級(jí)+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclass.→WeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏華是他班上最健美的男孩。(2)改寫(xiě)為：比較級(jí)+than+theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或比較級(jí)+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.→Robertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.羅伯特在學(xué)校是最好的學(xué)生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.→Thiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo.這臺(tái)電腦是三臺(tái)中最貴的。5.最高級(jí)前有時(shí)可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第……個(gè)最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。二、重要詞匯1.No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,muchalotabit,far,any,no等可以+比較級(jí)worksashardasTina.塔拉學(xué)習(xí)跟蒂娜一樣努力?！?..（not）as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...”是一種原級(jí)比較，意思為“......和......(不)一樣”。...notas+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...表示雙方在某個(gè)方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英語(yǔ)不如她的好。Hedoesn’tworkashardashisbrother.他沒(méi)有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as表示雙方在某個(gè)方面一樣。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一樣高。Irunasfastashedoes.我跑得跟他一樣快。3.辨析beat/win相同點(diǎn)：都是動(dòng)詞，表示“贏”不同：beat+人/win+比賽，競(jìng)賽，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等名詞。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我們發(fā)揮得很好，擊敗了他們。Theywonthematchthistime.這次他們贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。about意為“關(guān)心；在意”，期中care是動(dòng)詞如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心老年人。carefor表示“喜歡”，“關(guān)心”之意，后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，takecareof也有這個(gè)意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他對(duì)滑冰沒(méi)有興趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我們班上，我們相互關(guān)心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.瑪麗亞很關(guān)心大家。【友情鏈接】carefor還可以表示“照顧”，“照料”，相當(dāng)于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，給牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmustlookafteryourselves.你們要照顧好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子們?cè)谕袃核艿胶芎玫恼疹櫋hinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我認(rèn)為好朋友能使我開(kāi)心。牢記：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞使某人/某事怎樣如：Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我們老師讓我們一天學(xué)習(xí)10個(gè)小時(shí)。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的話使我們感到很高興。atsb.笑話；取笑（某人）如：Don’tlaughatme!不要取笑我!7.They’rebothtall.他們兩個(gè)都是高個(gè)子。bothadj./pron./adv.兩個(gè)都……用在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof…..+名詞復(fù)數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.兩朵花都很漂亮。both…and…兩者都……（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）反義詞組：neither…nor…兩者都不……（謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)按照就近原則）【友情鏈接】both與allboth指代兩者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我們都在這兒。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon...(P29)所有的這些節(jié)目都有一個(gè)共同特征……Eg.Thecoupleseemstohavenothingincommon.這對(duì)夫婦好像沒(méi)有什么共同點(diǎn)。9.allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.(P29)各種各樣的人都參加這些節(jié)目?！居梅ā縜llkindsof意為“各種各樣的；各種類型的”，kind在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“類別；種類”。常用短語(yǔ)有：akindof一種；differentkindsof不同種類的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳圖書(shū)館里有各種各樣的書(shū)?！就卣埂?1)kind還可用作形容詞，意為“和藹的；親切的；善良的”。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。(2)kindof意為“有幾分；有點(diǎn)兒”，常修飾形容詞。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在這個(gè)房間里我們感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That’suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己來(lái)決定。【用法】beupto意為“是……的職責(zé)；由……決定”，是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。beuptosb.todosth.意為“應(yīng)由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子中，有時(shí)也用this或that作主語(yǔ)。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It’suptoyoutofillit.生命只給你時(shí)間與空間。如何填滿它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshow，theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人們看這樣的節(jié)目時(shí)，通常承擔(dān)著評(píng)判優(yōu)勝者的角色?！居梅ā縫layarole是一種固定表達(dá)，意為“發(fā)揮作用；有影響”。若要進(jìn)一步引出具體的內(nèi)容，后面應(yīng)用介詞in表示，意為“在某事或某個(gè)方面起到作用或承擔(dān)某種角色”，同義短語(yǔ)為playapartin。Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那兒，你會(huì)發(fā)揮作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人認(rèn)為表演者的身世是編造出來(lái)的。Eg.1)It’snottrue.Shemadeitup.這不是真的。是她編造出來(lái)的。2)Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委員會(huì)由六位婦女組成。3)Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧彌補(bǔ)了他的容貌缺陷。4)Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妝扮演成一個(gè)老婦人?！就卣埂颗cup相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseshowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當(dāng)回事，它們還是有看頭的?！居梅ā縯ake...seriously意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待……”。Eg.Weshouldn’ttakemoneytooseriously.我們不應(yīng)該把金錢看得太重?！就卣埂颗ctake相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)【特色講解】一、單項(xiàng)選擇()istalented________musicbutIamgood_______sports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua’sshoesareas_______asZhangHui’s.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere—Yes.Itis_______towalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible()’sveryimportantforhim_______melaugh.make()5._________youdon’tgiveup(放棄)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilar_________hermother.()don’treallycareifmyfriendsarethesame_________meordifferent_______me.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim_________443—5667.()ismyfriend.Heis_________lessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoys__________jokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh,laugh,laughing()andhersister__________quietandthey________sports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegood_______children.()13.________heisveryyoung,________hecandomanythings.,but,/C./,though,though()canplay_______drums,butSamcanplay_______tennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()’sbooksarenewthan________.【當(dāng)堂練習(xí)】基礎(chǔ)演練一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或中文提示完成單詞1.Mydaughtershowsa________(天賦)inmusic.2.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot___________(每個(gè)人)cananswerit.3.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe___________(創(chuàng)造性的).4.LiTaowonthefirstp________inthehandwritingcompetition.5.Youshouldtaketheexamss____________.Don’tbecareless.6.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity________(到目前為止)

—Verygood.Icanseealmost____________(各種各樣的)thingshere.二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.These______________(magician)areallfromChina.2.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless_____________(beautiful)thanLiXin.3.Whowasthelast___________(win),Jimmy,JackorLinda4.Tomenjoys_____________(listen)totheradioeverymorning.5.Mr.Suisthe____________(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe_____________________(hard-working).6.—Whoisthe____(win)ofIamasingerin2013—Sorry,Idon’tknow.7.Mymothertoldmethething____(serious),soIdidn’tknowwhattodo.8.—Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase—Heworkedso____(care)thathedidn’thearwhatIsaid.9.Thenext____(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.10.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly____(talent).鞏固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2

himonlytwodaysto3

toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4

.Soheboughtaticketand5

theship.Itwastime6

lunch.Hedidn’tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn’tfeel7

andwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8

hungrythathecouldn’tstand(忍受)it9

.“I’mgoingtoeat,”hesaid.“Eveniftheythrowme10

thesea.”Afterheateeverythingthewaiter(侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單)，”hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.“Thereisn’tanybill.”Wastheanswer.“Ontheshipmealsareincluded(包括)inthemoneyfortheticket.”()1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD．enoughmoneys()2.A．spend B．carry C．bring D．take()3.A．getto B．a(chǎn)rrive C．reach D．get()4.A．withfood B．withoutfoodC．withfoodsD．withoutfoods()5.A．gotin B．goton C．gotoff D．gotat()6.A．to B．have C．for D．fora()7.A．trouble B．well C．good D．better()8.A．too B．so C．such D．/()9.anylongerB．nolongerC．a(chǎn)nylongerD．nolong()10.A．into B．on C．in D．onto【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.—Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice—Sorry,Idon’tknow.I’mnew________town.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2.It’sfun________talentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches()3.CouldIaskyou________questions________yourserviceA.some;withB.any;aboutC.any;onD.some;about()4.Ourcityisbecoming________.A.moreandmostbeautifulB.morebeautifulandmorebeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.beautifulandbeautiful()5.—________thewoodenchair—It’stoohard.A.WhatdoyoulikeB.HowdoyoulikeC.WhataboutD.Howabout()6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso________.A.healthierB.healthiestC.thehealthierD.thehealthiest()7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuy________clothesinayear.thecheapestB.cheaperC.theworstD.worse()8.Davidis________studentinourclass.Nobodyis________thanhim.A.taller;tallestB.taller;tallC.tallest;tallerD.thetallest;taller()9.Peopleinthistownareall________,butlittleAlice’sfamilyis________ofall.A.busy;busyB.thebusiest;busyC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiest()10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethird________intheworld.A.longriverB.longriversC.longestriversD.longestriver二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子，每空一詞1.這家電影院有最好的音響。Thismovietheaterhas________________________.2.影視城等待的時(shí)間最短。ScreenCityhasthe______________________________.3.那是離你家最近的郵局嗎Isthatpostoffice____________________________yourhome4.你可以在鑫鑫服裝店買到最便宜的衣服。Youcanbuyclothes___________________________inXinxinClothesStore.5.哪家電臺(tái)播放最無(wú)聊的歌曲Whichradiostation________________________________songs三、閱讀理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet（安靜的）andpayattention（注意）totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘記)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”(

)have______ofsummerholidays.

sevenweeks

months

week

weeks(

)takesusaweekto________.books

pensandpencilstoschool

readyforschool(

)tell________________.friendsabouttheholidays

teacherabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheteacherteacheraboutourfriends’holidays(

)can’tlistentotheteacher__________.

hard(

)teachersaysthat____________.

forgettoomuch

learnmuchinayear

learnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李)anhourago,butyouhaven’tputitinthetrain.Whyisn’tithere,andwherehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn’tfindyou.Yourluggageisn’tasfoolishasyouare.You’reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”(

)Whitewasangrybecausehe__________.

hisluggagestolen

’tfindhisluggage

’tliketheporter

thetrainbeganmoving(

)Whitedidn’tknow___________.

togo

luggagewaslost

wasinthewrongtrain

thetrainbeganmoving(

)thestory,_________waswrong.

porter

train

White(

)porterlookedfor________everywhere.

luggage

White

train

(

)Whitewas___________.

cleverman

foolish

indoingthings

foolishastheluggage四．書(shū)面表達(dá)假設(shè)你是Jim，常到學(xué)校附近的三家商店購(gòu)物，你對(duì)三家商店進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，請(qǐng)你運(yùn)用所學(xué)過(guò)的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的句型描述這三家商店的不同。詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。內(nèi)容包括：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________