初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法整理---句子成分知識(shí)分析（1）組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。各成分在句中的作用如何?組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)?1.主語(yǔ)：是句子要說(shuō)明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：Thecarisrunningfast.(名詞Wearestudents.(代詞)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(數(shù)詞)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(【注意】若不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式短語(yǔ))放在句后。2.謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，連系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂toHeworksinafactory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)Ifeltcold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))HowcanIgettothestation?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞DoyouspeakEnglish?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)Theyareworkinginafield.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)【注意】謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語(yǔ)：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：Heisdoinghishomework.(名詞)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代詞)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)【注意】①有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)指人，直接賓語(yǔ)指物。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball，willyou?(間賓+直賓)直接賓語(yǔ)一般放在間接賓語(yǔ)之后，但若把直接賓語(yǔ)放在前面，則要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直賓+間賓)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直賓+間賓)②有的動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?④有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。a)forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.()b)stoptodo(不定式為狀語(yǔ))表示“停下原來(lái)的事，去做另一件事”，stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如：Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下來(lái)與他談話(huà)。)Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachere。句子成分練習(xí)題（一）(一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4分，4分鐘）①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）①I(mǎi)don'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't B.like C.picture D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.thelibrary D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want B.totell C.you D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法整理---句子成分知識(shí)分析（2）4.4.Whatabeautifulkiteitis!(形容詞)Sheisachemistry名詞)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(數(shù)詞)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介詞短語(yǔ))【注意】定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，則放在后面。5.5.狀語(yǔ)：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語(yǔ)或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thankyouverymuch.(副詞)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介詞短語(yǔ))Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短語(yǔ))Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語(yǔ)只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.6.表語(yǔ)：用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(嘗起來(lái))等。如：Theyareworkers.(名詞)Twoandthreeisfive.(數(shù)詞)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容詞)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(動(dòng)名詞Sheisathome.()Ifeelterrible.(形容詞)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容詞)7.7.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“”一般由不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容詞)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短語(yǔ))Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(過(guò)去分詞)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)句子成分練習(xí)題（二）(四)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(五)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?(六)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(七)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(八)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewa