【英語(yǔ)】英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（科普環(huán)保）練習(xí)題20篇一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類.犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳選項(xiàng)。AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations任徙）.Migratorybirds（候鳥(niǎo)）floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia（維基百科），theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists（生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者）thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.【答案】（1）DBC（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，牛津大學(xué)的一個(gè)國(guó)際研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式與自然界的季節(jié)性運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)。他們的在線物種搜索遵循季節(jié)性動(dòng)物遷徙的模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了監(jiān)測(cè)世界生物多樣性變化的新方法。它還展示了一種新的方式來(lái)了解人們有多關(guān)心自然，以及哪些物種和地區(qū)可能是最有效的保護(hù)目標(biāo)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations（遷徙）.”可知關(guān)于物種搜索，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們遵循季節(jié)性動(dòng)物遷徙的模式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在維基百科上，許多動(dòng)植物的行為似乎都有季節(jié)性趨勢(shì)。即第三段的寫(xiě)作目的是為了進(jìn)一步支持研究結(jié)果。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可矢口Mittermeier看至“人們對(duì)維基百科的興趣是與大自然的變化密切相關(guān)的，感到非常興奮和意外。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard認(rèn)為通過(guò)使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代保護(hù)中的難題：哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關(guān)心這些問(wèn)題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認(rèn)為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設(shè)定保護(hù)目標(biāo)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2.犇犇閱讀理解Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction減法）.Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical(數(shù)字的)operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition(認(rèn)知)maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物),birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvancesddsbeestothatlist.WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.D.Beescandobasicmathematics.AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition.requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessinghasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAIonlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemoryD.callsforalotofmathsknowledgeWhatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBeesNewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintionNumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessingTheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，RMIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》（ScienceAdvances）雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction（減法）.”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運(yùn)算?！芍琑MIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,〃如果數(shù)學(xué)不需要一個(gè)巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計(jì)中，我們也可能有新的方法來(lái)包括長(zhǎng)期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動(dòng)，從而提高人工智能對(duì)新問(wèn)題的快速學(xué)習(xí)，可知，AdrianDyer認(rèn)為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認(rèn)知對(duì)人工智能的未來(lái)發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.〃許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來(lái)尋找食物、做出決定和解決問(wèn)題。但是數(shù)字認(rèn)知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運(yùn)算，需要更復(fù)雜的處理?？芍卵芯康陌l(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認(rèn)知。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物），birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.〃此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》（ScienceAdvances）雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。〃故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3.犇犇閱讀理解Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?A.Adigitalteachertaughtthem. B.Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.C.Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.D.Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?A.Itcansmileback. B.Itcanusemicrophone.C.Itcantalkanytopicforfree. D.Itcanchangeifnecessary.What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Disapproving.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?NewHigh-techContributestoEducationTheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudentsNewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms【答案】(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一款智能機(jī)器人走進(jìn)小學(xué)課堂，為孩子們講授能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher〃可知，他們成為世界上第一批由智能機(jī)器人老師“教〃的孩子。由此可知，特殊之處在于機(jī)器人老師教他們。故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded/即”這種雙向互動(dòng)不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許程序的開(kāi)發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時(shí)做出更改〃，由此可得出，其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于需要時(shí)，可以做出變化。故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.〃可知，Ravishankar認(rèn)為它不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)代替人類教育工作者。故選D。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，從新學(xué)年開(kāi)始，新西蘭奧克蘭的小學(xué)生將成為世界上第一批被機(jī)器人老師教的孩子。之后文章就此展開(kāi)，由此可推斷出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的標(biāo)題。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.HUMPBACKWHALEStocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlengthFlippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendivingBumpytuberclesontopofheadBodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognitionBushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped270-400olivebaleenplatesHumpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.Thisarticleismainlyintendedto .explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldintroducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswaterspopularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionhelpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個(gè)小點(diǎn)后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition”可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個(gè)的座頭鯨很容易被識(shí)別。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個(gè)小黑點(diǎn)后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個(gè)大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)(西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟(jì)、湯加)和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙?？芍?，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方。可知座頭鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。(3)考查主旨大意。本文主要對(duì)座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識(shí)。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識(shí)，并對(duì)它們加以保護(hù)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5.閱讀理解In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗瑪).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模擬)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLifHhiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Aclimbingguide.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Asciencereport.【答案】(1)B(2)C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，登山者報(bào)告說(shuō)看到一只長(zhǎng)頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，為了確認(rèn)其真實(shí)性，研究人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的情況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過(guò)珠峰尚不明確。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabarheadedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible."報(bào)道說(shuō)，一名登山者看到一只斑頭鵝飛過(guò)珠穆朗瑪峰。人們認(rèn)為這是不可能的；以及'Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.“現(xiàn)在研究人員飼養(yǎng)了這種鵝，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鵝真的飛得很高。再根據(jù)最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest."但是否能讓這種鵝飛8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰尚不清楚。由此可推斷出研究人員飼養(yǎng)這種鵝是為了證實(shí)這種鵝是否能飛過(guò)珠峰。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped....theresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp”可知風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)氧氣濃度最低時(shí)，鵝的心率和翅膀搏動(dòng)頻率保持不變，即使它們的新陳代謝率下降。研究人員今天在《伊利費(fèi)》雜志上報(bào)道說(shuō)，…這種降溫可能有助于補(bǔ)償空氣的稀薄；第五段中的"Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orless..."盡管訓(xùn)練有素，但這些鳥(niǎo)只愿意在空中呆上幾分鐘。這兩處綜合推斷出，鵝可以在最低濃度的氧氣中生存。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest."可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有這些適應(yīng)性變化能否可以飛行8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。第一段中提到登山者報(bào)告說(shuō)看到一只長(zhǎng)頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰。為了證實(shí)是否可能，研究人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，并在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的情況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過(guò)珠峰尚不明確。由此可知本文屬于科普文章。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources（漁業(yè)與水產(chǎn)資源局）earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.Whenthenecropsy（尸檢）wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals."Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.B.Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.C.Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.D.Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?A.Wastecollectedfromtheocean. B.Thewholesystemofthewhale.C.Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody. D.Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?A.Uncommon. B.Worrying. C.Inspiring. D.Mild.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic B.StandUpforProtectingWhalesC.PlasticThreateningOurExistence D.NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一只鯨魚(yú)因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)海洋塑料污染的擔(dān)憂。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鯨魚(yú)的胃里發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的塑料，他對(duì)此毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備，這是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利對(duì)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到震驚，故選B。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem/可知，在鯨魚(yú)體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西將在這座自然博物館中展出，故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利說(shuō)如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，動(dòng)物因吃塑料死亡的情況比自然死亡更為常見(jiàn)，由此可知，他對(duì)菲律賓的塑料污染很擔(dān)憂，故選B。(4)考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講述了一只鯨魚(yú)因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)塑料污染的擔(dān)憂，故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRIStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"over-publicizing"it.Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?A.Demonstratingspacetechnology. B.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.C.Collectingwastesexistinginspace.D.Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRISsatellitework?Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sponsor"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Accomplish. B.Support. C.Oppose. D.Provide.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfectHowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLabWhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInventedSatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了“衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾。〃一種名為“清除碎片〃的實(shí)驗(yàn)清理設(shè)備成功地在一顆虛擬衛(wèi)星周?chē)鼍W(wǎng)，模仿一種有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中“...yimitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.〃模仿一種有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技術(shù)?？芍?，theRemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星的用途是收集太空中存在的廢物。故選C。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRIStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meters10ng.“該公司表示，一種操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技術(shù)將會(huì)在主衛(wèi)星上撒網(wǎng)，這樣碎片就可以被拖出軌道。它可以瞄準(zhǔn)大塊的垃圾，包括長(zhǎng)達(dá)10米的報(bào)廢衛(wèi)星。〃可知，RemoveDEBRlS衛(wèi)星是通過(guò)撒網(wǎng)把垃圾帶離軌道。故選A。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的"AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits."Aglietti說(shuō)，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能進(jìn)行幾次，目標(biāo)是最擁擠軌道上最大的垃圾碎片。可知，“挑戰(zhàn)在于說(shuō)服有關(guān)當(dāng)局贊助這些任務(wù)?！芍瑒澗€詞的意思是“支持〃。故選B。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的〃Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace."專家告訴CNN，本周進(jìn)行的這次測(cè)試被廣泛認(rèn)為是太空清潔技術(shù)的首次成功演示。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題的第一步?？芍?，本文主題是“衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾〃。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8.閱讀理解Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinrural