猜測詞義題

閱讀理解（策略二）：1熟悉構(gòu)詞法與語境法，解決閱讀理解詞義猜測

Teachingaim:Toimprovethestudents’readingability.Teachingdifficultpoint:Howtoimprovethestudents’abilityofGuessingnewworlds’meaningwhilereading..Teachingaid:

Multimedia2StepOne:Warming--upandLeading—in.I.DiscussionHaveafreetalkwithstudentsabouthowtoguessnewworlds’meaningwhilereading.II．Smallexercisesandsummaries.Teachingprocedures:3一.根據(jù)讀示例,選擇語義元素與前面單詞相同的答案。示例：importantA.abroadB.customsC.heavyD.significant1.divorce

A.mathsB.policeC.separateD.share

2.mess

A.churchB.manyC.networkD.untidy

3.prayer

A.carpenterB.dogC.musicianD.religion44.showerA.jokeB.performanceC.pretendD.rain5.weepA.birdB.cryC.clothD.grass6.adolescentA.smellB.smoothC.teenagerD.unfaithful52.閱讀下列文段，關(guān)注和解析劃線單詞的構(gòu)詞法，并將段中與之呼應的單詞或短語抄寫下來。Thecompanyfailedtogainprofitsandhadbadoperationbecauseofhismismanagement.AllofussuggestreplacinghimwithSomeoneelsewhocandealwithourcompanybetter.（NMET2010北京）【解詞】______________________________________________________【呼應語】_____________________________________________mismanagement=mis（否定前綴）+manage（管理）+ment（名詞后綴）.意為“管理不善”

failedtogainprofits(沒能盈利),hadbadoperation(運轉(zhuǎn)不周),dealwithourcompanybetter(更好地管理公司）

6StepTwo：ExemplifyinginSkills（例證與技能）A.構(gòu)詞法與語境法1）派生法（Derivation）

派生法就是借助前綴或后綴派生出新詞的構(gòu)詞方法。后綴往往起改變詞性的作用，派生出的新詞主要有名詞、形容詞、動詞三種；前綴主要起改變詞義的作用，包括各種否定前綴、時間前綴等。1.構(gòu)詞法7【例1】通過分析派生詞，猜測劃線單詞的意思。Napoleon，asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands”.Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse”.Heissaidtobe“undersized”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.(NMET2008廣東)

詞義：________________身材矮小的

82)合成法（Compounding）合成法是指由兩個或兩個以上單詞合成一個新詞。通常情況下，合成詞的詞義為組成詞的詞義之和?！纠?】通過分析合成詞，猜測劃線單詞的意思。Heneverworeready-madeclothes.詞義：__________________________現(xiàn)成的，做好的93)轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）轉(zhuǎn)化法是指單詞的詞性的改變來使單詞具有新的意義和作用。而這種單詞叫轉(zhuǎn)化詞?！纠?】通過分析轉(zhuǎn)換詞，猜測劃線單詞的意思。Greatculturalledtomoreopencommunicationanddemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.(NMET2008廣東)

詞義：____________發(fā)言權(quán)

101）.利用釋義詞（句）、舉例或同位語表示釋義或舉例詞語的信息詞有______________________________________________等，符號則有e.g.(舉例)、i.e.（也就是）?！纠?】通過釋義或舉例詞語，猜測劃線單詞的意思。Infact，onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheu.s.today,(NMET2005浙江)詞義：_________2.語境法forexample，forinstance，suchas，inotherwords，thatistosay，namely野貓112）利用對比、類比或轉(zhuǎn)這詞表示對比、類比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見信息詞有：______________________________________________________________等，有時也用破折號或冒號等符號。

but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，despite，inspiteof，instead12Theunderlinedword“descendants”meansaperson’s______________________.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguespartnersD.latersponsors

【例2】somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.perhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’Donnellsaredescend-angtsofthesanmeDonnell.(NMET2010江蘇)133)利用因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有_____________________________.【例3】Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(NMET2004廣東)because，as，since，for，thus，so，therefore

14Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest154)利用上下文

猜測詞義題在考查熟詞新義以及代詞指代內(nèi)容時往往需要綜合考慮上下文，有時也需要結(jié)合常識和背景知識。16

Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbakeon”mostprobablymeans﹍﹍﹍﹍AleaveforBreturntoCgiveupDrelyon【例4】whenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywell-paidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallnewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.(NMET2006廣東)171.完成下列練習，并說出所用的構(gòu)詞法?！揪毩?】Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmoleculesheldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmolecule.Becauseofitssugarcontent,itiscalledaglycoprotein.(NMET2008遼寧)Whatdoes“glyco-”intheunderlinedword“glycoprotein”mean?A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.moleculeB.技能訓練18【練習2】Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible，butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.（NMET2010山東）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”referto?Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanwastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.19【練習3】DearSusan,Pleaseforwardthismessagetostudentsofmyhistoryclass.BesidesthelifestoryofRosaParksinthetextbook,thestudentsarealsorequiredtoreadthepassagebelowandsomerelatedstoriesthatcanbeborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.（NMET2007重慶）

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“forward”mean?A.ExplainB.SendC.TakeD.Read.202.完成下列練習，并說出所用的語境法類別?！揪毩?】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI’minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.andbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,“I’mhavingadinner