合成法

compounding1CompoundingConceptCharacteristicsFormationConcept將兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法。Compounding:aprocessbywhichacompoundlexemeisderivedfromtwoormoresimplerlexemes.34Characteristicstodistinguishacompoundfromafreephrase:SemanticFeatures(語義學標準):acompoundhasitownsemanticfeatures,ratherthanthemeaningcombinationofeachword.E.g.greenhousevs.greenhouseOrthographicFeatures（正字法標準）:Compoundsarewritteninvariousways.E.g.a.Solid(字間不留空的):bedroom,newspaper,horseback;b.Hyphenated(用連字符連接的):part-time,good-looking;c.Open(字間留空的):airforce,airraid,blacklist,blackseaPhonologicalFeatures（音位學標準）:

compoundshaveahighorunitystressinthefirst

component.E.g.GrammaticalFeatures（語法特征）:

compoundshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.e.g.v.+n.breakwatern.;

n+-edhomemadeadj.;

adj+-ednewbornadj.

揚聲器

loudspeaker

ratherthan

louderspeaker

5compoundsphrases'bluebirdablue'bird'blackboardablack'board……Formation合成名詞

(Nouncompounds)合成動詞(Verbcompounds)合成形容詞(Adjectivecompounds)合成副詞和合成代詞

(AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds)6合成名詞Nouncompounds方式例詞名詞+名詞football,notebook,seafood,hand-book...形容詞+名詞blackboard,first-class,greenhouse…動名詞+名詞waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepingbag..動詞+名詞pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker…副詞+名詞income,overcoat,inland…代詞+名詞he-goat,she-wolf…名詞+介詞+名詞father-in-law,editor-in-chief…動詞+副詞take-off,breakup,breakdown…副詞+動詞output,download,overflow…7合成動詞Verbcompounds構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞+動詞sleepwalk,

waterski,daydream,sunbathe…副詞+動詞overcome,overeat,upload,uphold…形容詞+副詞whitewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat…其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry…8夢游滑水做白日夢沐日光浴克服吃太多上傳維護刷白快速充電列入黑名單虐待吹干甩干合成形容詞Adjectivecompounds

構(gòu)成方式

例詞過去分詞或-ed詞尾kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing詞尾good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through9好心的中年的新生的好看的隨和的吃人的全職的頭等的冰冷的全新的兩小時的戶外的上山的透明的合成副詞和合成代詞

AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds構(gòu)成方式例詞合成副詞empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代詞myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone10空手地單槍匹馬地向一邊然而任何地方往樓下我自己他自己我們自己某人任何人沒事每個人WordFormation:Blending混成法Blending

Themeaningofblending

Thestructuresofblending

conclusionThemeaningofblending

MIXmeaning:tomixthingstogethersothattheybecomeonething

tocombinepartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword→brunch=breakfast+lunchblendsorportmanteauwords混成法（Blending）定義混成法：也叫混合法或拼綴法,是把兩個詞合在一起,其中至少有一個詞失去部分音節(jié)或字母,新詞的意義是它組成成分意義的融合或疊加。例如：newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送smokeandfog→smog煙霧photoandgraphy→photography攝影，攝影術(shù)Moreandmorepoliceandtrafficexpertsbelievethat"autocide"isanimportantcauseoftrafficdeath.Theblackwomansupportedherbigfamilytoliveintheslurbwherefarawayfromthecenter.

slurb(美.市郊貧民區(qū))=slum+suburbThechunnelbeneaththeEnglishChannel,putintoservicein1994,linkedEnglandandFrance.

chunnel(水底隧道)=channel+tunnelautocide(撞車自殺

)=automobile+suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure1

ThestructuresofblendingStructure1automobile+suicide=autocideslum+suburb=slurbchannel+tunnel=chunnel

獅虎獸：

廣告統(tǒng)計學:經(jīng)濟滯脹:霧霾:head+taillion+tiger=ligeradvertising+statistics=advertisticsstagnation+inflation=stagflationsmoke+fog=smogStructure2ThesitcomGrowingPainsisquitepopularinAmerica.

Thesestationswouldholdaprivatekeythatletthemrecognizetaggedconnectionsfrom

telex

clients.

Withthehelpofcomsat,GoogleMapcouldcapturedeverydetailsoftheenvironmenttoanextremedegree.

telex(電傳)=teleprinter+exchangersitcom(情景喜劇)=situation+comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat(衛(wèi)星通訊)=communication+satelliteheadheadsituation+comedy=sitcomteleprinter+exchange=telexcommunication+satellite=comsat

Structure2head+headStructure3

醫(yī)療救助

head+wordmedicaid=medical+aid汽車野營autocamp=automobile+camp歐亞Eurasia=

Europe+AsiaStructure4

勞動福利

流動書店bookmobileword+tail=talk+marathonworkfare=work+welfare=book+automobile冗長的談話talkathonConclusionBlendingisaveryproductiveprocessandmanycoinagesresultingfromblendinghavebecomewell-established.Moreover,theyevenserveasmodelsfornewformations(hamburger→beefburger,cheeseburger,etc.).Theoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsarenouns;veryfewareverbsandadject