虛擬語氣語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中共有三種語氣陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣（theIndicativeMood）（theImperativeMood）（theSubjunctiveMood）陳述語氣祈使語氣虛擬語氣語氣的種類用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。虛擬語氣可用在條件句、狀語從句、名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，主語從句)中。一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事可能相反did(有可能，但不大)should+do（可能性較過去式?。﹚ould/should/could/might+doweretodo（可能性最?。?.IfIhadtime,Iwouldattend

themeeting.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’t

havemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thave

happened.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反5.If

it

shouldrain

tomorrow,they

wouldn’tgo

foran

outing.6.Ithinkwe

coulddo

it,ifwe

planned

it

properly.7.Ifweweretohave

threedaysoff,we

wouldenjoy

averyhappylife.與將來事實(shí)相反Ifyoutooktaxi,youwouldgettheremorequickly.如果你坐出租車去，你就可以快一點(diǎn)到那里。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)是你不坐）IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldbemorecareful.如果我是你，我會(huì)更仔細(xì)些。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)是我不是你）注意：主句中的would可用于任何人稱，should通常用于第一人稱

IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.

如果我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你要來，我就去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你了。(與過去事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)是我當(dāng)時(shí)不知道)Iftheycame/weretocome/shouldcometomorrow,theywouldknowoursecret.如果他們明天真的來了，他們就會(huì)知道我們的秘密。(與將來事實(shí)可能相反)Exercises:1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD省掉if的條件從句的用法：如果從句的謂語中有should,had,were時(shí)，則可以省去if,把這些詞提到句首倒裝。1.WereIyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.=IfIwereyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.2.Shouldshecometomorrow,Ishouldgiveherthebook.=Ifsheshouldcometomorrow,Ishouldgiveherthebook.3.HadItakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.=IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’t

havemadeamistake.

在強(qiáng)調(diào)條件從句時(shí)，常省去主句，表示“已不能實(shí)現(xiàn)”的愿望，它常用ifonly來引導(dǎo),譯成：要是……多好啊！e.g.Ifonlyhewerehere.

如果他在這兒就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!如果我按你的建議做了該多好??！Ifonly

Icouldsee

himagain!如果我能再見到他該多好??！

用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句，常用的有with,without,butfor.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)2.Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)3.Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。e.g.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.使用虛擬條件句時(shí)應(yīng)注意：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。e.g.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifhehadtelephonedmelastnight,Iwouldseehimnow.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1.用在賓語從句中Wish

的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(shí)（were）過去完成時(shí)would/could/might+V.IwishIwereabird.（現(xiàn)在）IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（過去）Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.

（將來）2.用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，常見的有：一堅(jiān)持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建議(advise,suggest,propose,),四要求（demand,require,request,desire)這類動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句用should+do,

should可省略。e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.Thedoctororderedthatthepatient(should)besenttohospitalatonce.注意：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.暗示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為當(dāng)suggest表示建議時(shí)虛擬，表示暗示時(shí)不虛擬，用陳述語氣。當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)決要求時(shí)虛擬，表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不虛擬，用陳述語氣。以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的同根詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等It’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.(主語從句）Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

to

seemeonceaweek.（表語從句）Allofusarefortheadvicethatthe

chemical

factory

shouldbe

closeddown.（同位語從句）2.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Shewouldratherthatwehadn’tleftyesterday.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句中的運(yùn)用asif/though+Clause

現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.與過去事實(shí)相反Itis(high)time(that)…句型中，從句用過去式或should+do，should不能省略，意為“該干…事了”e.g.Itis(high)time(that)youwenttoschool.Itis(high)time(that)youshouldstudyhard.你該努力學(xué)習(xí)了。補(bǔ)充練習(xí)Ifhehadlistenedtome,he______beinsuchtroublenow.A.haven’t B.wouldnotC.hadnot D.wouldhaven’tB2.Wang

Fang_______collegelastyear.Unfortunately,hecouldn’ttaketheexaminationsbecauseofasuddenillness.A.couldgo BdidgoC.couldhavegone D.musthavegone3.Theplantisdead.I_______itmorewater.A.willgive B.wouldhavegivenC.mustgive D.shouldhavegivenCD4.He______toldyouthat.A.needsnothave B.needn’thaveC.needn’thas D.willhavehad5.You________ittoyourfather.Whynot？

A.wouldtell B.shouldtellC.wouldhavetold D.shouldhavetold6._______itraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.A.Should B.Be C.Were D.Will7._______,hewouldteachushowtosolvetheproblem.A.Werehehere B.WashehereC.Ifheis D.IshehereBDAA8.IwishI_______youyesterday.A.saw B.didsee C.hadseenD.weretosee9.—HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?

—No,butIreallywishI_______.A.will B.have C.did D.had10.Iwishthattherain______stop. will B.would Cmay D.can11.Theteacherinsistedthateverystudent_______everyotherline.A.writes B.write C.wouldwrite D.wrote12.Jack’sfatherinsists______inthishotel.A.notstaying BnottostayC.thathenotstay D.stayingnotCDBBC13.Isuggestedameeting_______todiscussthematter.A.willbeheld B.wouldbeheldC.shouldhold D.beheld14.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedhe________toyourplan.A.didn’tagree B.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagree D.shouldn’tagree15.Heinsistedthathe_______ourcar.A.shouldsteal B.wouldstealC.hadn’tstolen D.stealDAC16.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions______.A.mu