LessonEdgarAllenPoe美國(guó)文學(xué)的資料第1頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)I.LiteraryStatus埃德加.愛(ài)倫坡的文學(xué)地位PioneerofAmericanHorrorTales美國(guó)恐怖小說(shuō)的先驅(qū)PioneerofAmericanDetectiveTales美國(guó)偵探小說(shuō)先驅(qū)PioneerofAmericanPsycho-Analyticfiction美國(guó)心理分析小說(shuō)先驅(qū)Editor,PoetandProfessionalliterarycritic編輯，詩(shī)人，文學(xué)評(píng)論家第2頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)II.LifeandCareerBorninanactorandactress’family–hisparentsdiedwhenhewasverysmall–adoptedbyaVirginiarichbusinessmanJohnAllan–enteredtheVirginiaUniversityat17–WestPointwherehebegantowritepoetry–thentales–editorofmagazinessuchasTheSouthernLiteraryMessenger,Graham’smagazine,etc.Poe生在一個(gè)演員家庭，當(dāng)Poe很小的時(shí)候他的父母就過(guò)世了，由弗吉尼亞的商人JohnAllan收養(yǎng)。Poe17歲進(jìn)入弗吉尼亞大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。他在西點(diǎn)軍校任職期間開(kāi)始寫詩(shī)歌，神話，做過(guò)雜志的編輯如《南方文學(xué)信使》，《格雷厄姆雜志》等。At27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinVirginiawhodiedveryyoungin1847.Poe27歲時(shí)和他13歲的表妹結(jié)婚，他的表妹太太很年輕就離開(kāi)了人世，1847.第3頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)P(yáng)oemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinVirginiaClemm第4頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Boston'sFortofIndependencewherePoewasstationedfirstinthearmy第5頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)

III.EdgarAllanPoe’sWorksTalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque《奇異怪誕故事集》MS.FoundinaBottle 《瓶子里發(fā)現(xiàn)的手稿》TheMurdersintheRueMorgue 《毛格街殺人案》TheFalloftheHouseofUsher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》TheMasqueoftheRedDeath 《紅色死亡的化妝舞會(huì)》TheCaskofAmontillado 《一桶酒的故事》TheRaven 《烏鴉》Israfel 《伊斯拉菲爾》AnnabelLee 《安娜貝爾?李》ToHelen 《致海倫》ThePoeticPrinciple 《詩(shī)歌原理》ThePhilosophyofComposition《創(chuàng)作哲學(xué)》第6頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)IV.ControversialCommentsonPoeProbablythemostcontroversialandmostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinAmericanliteraryhistoryPoe也許是美國(guó)文學(xué)歷史上最備受爭(zhēng)議的人物。Reasons:HiscriticismsagainstHenryWadsworthLongfellow他曾發(fā)表過(guò)對(duì)朗費(fèi)羅的負(fù)面評(píng)論。Negativecomments

Emerson–“jingleman”愛(ài)默生評(píng)論他是一個(gè)叮當(dāng)詩(shī)人—順口溜

MarkTwain–Poe’sunreadable

不值得一讀

HenryJames–“enthusiasmforPoeisthemarkofadecidedlyprimitivestateofdevelopment”第7頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)P(yáng)oe'sNationalHistoricSiteinPhiladelphia,oneofhisformerresidence第8頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)V.Poeasaliterarycritic(hisaesthetics)Poe作為文學(xué)評(píng)論家（他的美學(xué)觀）1.Aestheticwritings:“ThePhilosophyofComposition”“ThePoeticPrinciple”2.Aestheticideas:A.Brevity:thepoemshouldbeshort,readableatonesitting

詩(shī)歌必須簡(jiǎn)潔B.Beauty:thechiefaimisbeauty,namelytoproduceafeelingofbeautyinthemindsofthereader

美，給讀者創(chuàng)造一種美。

Themelancholyisthemostlegitimateofallpoetictones;thedeathofabeautifulwomanisthemostpoetictopicintheworld.憂郁是所有詩(shī)歌調(diào)子里面最真實(shí)的一種情感；美麗姑娘的死去也是一個(gè)最詩(shī)意的主題。第9頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)C.Purity:Poeisopposedtotheheresyofthedidacticandcalledforpurepoetry.Whatheseemstobesayingisthatartliesnotsomuchinwhatisbeingsaidasinthewayitsaysit.純正：Poe被認(rèn)為是主流詩(shī)歌之外的一個(gè)異類，他認(rèn)為藝術(shù)并不在于它被說(shuō)成該是藝術(shù)的樣子。

Besides,hestressesrhythm,definestruepoetryas“therhythmicalcreationofbeauty”anddeclaresthat“musicistheperfectionofthesoul,orideas,ofpoetry.”Poe強(qiáng)調(diào)詩(shī)歌的韻律，他認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌是音律創(chuàng)造的美，并稱音樂(lè)使得靈魂，思想，詩(shī)歌更完美。

Hecitedhisownpoem“TheRaven”of108linestoshowhisaesthetics:asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanpervadesthewholepoem.他以自己的108行詩(shī)《烏鴉》為例子，該詩(shī)歌整個(gè)氣氛就是哀傷–作者喜歡的美麗姑娘死去，這一悲傷充滿了整首詩(shī)歌。第10頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)第11頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)VI.Poe’sWritingFeatures寫作特點(diǎn)1.Poewasafascinatingmanofimagination.富有想象力2.Intheme,Poeanticipated20thcenturyliteratureinhistreatmentofthedisintegrationoftheselfinaworldofnothingness.主題：虛無(wú)3.Poewassensitiveenoughtofeelthepressureofaworldwherescienceandreasonreignsupreme,where“thereisneitherjoy,norlove,norlight,norcertitude,norpeace,norhelpfrompain.”Poe敏感地感受到一個(gè)被科技和理性統(tǒng)治的世界，沒(méi)有喜悅，沒(méi)有愛(ài)，沒(méi)有光，沒(méi)有確信，沒(méi)有和平，沒(méi)有緩解痛苦的幫助。第12頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)4.BaudelairefirsttooknoteofthepsychologicalcontentofPoe’stalesandregardedPoeas“awriterofnerves”,andErichHellersawPoe’scontributiontothe“discoveryandcolonizationofthemind”;whatinterestsPoemostisthedeepabyssoftheunconsciousandsubconsciousmentalactivityofthepeople.Poe在精神分析小說(shuō)做出了貢獻(xiàn)，他對(duì)非意識(shí)和潛意識(shí)的精神活動(dòng)的分析非常感興趣。5.Poe’sassumptionseemstobethateverymindishalfmadorcapableofslippingintoinsanity.Asaresultofthis,hisfictionalcharactersaremostlyneurotics.Poe認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都有神經(jīng)質(zhì)的一面，所以他的小說(shuō)主人公大多是神經(jīng)病患者。6.Poe’sheroesaremostly“isolatoes”,withnosenseofidentity,nonameseven,alienationfromsociety.他的小說(shuō)主人公大多沒(méi)有確切的身份，沒(méi)有名字，遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)。第13頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)7.Poewasalsoafullrationalhumanbeingwithanintuitivefaculty;hewasimmenselyinterestedindeductionandinduction.Hewrotehalfadozendetectivestories.Poe同時(shí)也是一個(gè)直覺(jué)超強(qiáng)的理性主義者；他對(duì)推理和歸納很感興趣，寫了不少推理小說(shuō)第14頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Bronx,NewYork,wherePoespenthislastfewyears第15頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)P(yáng)oe'sGravestoneinBaltimore,Maryland第16頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)ToHelenBackground致海倫的背景

EdgarAllanPoewrote“ToHelen”asareflectiononthebeautyofMrs.JaneStithStanard,ofRichmond,Va.,whodiedin1824.ShewasthemotherofoneofPoe’sschoolclassmates,RobertStanard.WhenRobertinvitedEdgar,then14,tohishome(at19thandEastGraceStreetsinRichmond)in1823,Poewasgreatlytakenwiththe27-year-oldwoman,whoissaidtohaveurgedhimtowritepoetry.Hewaslatertowritethatshewashisfirstreallove.

致海倫這首詩(shī)是愛(ài)倫坡紀(jì)念JaneStithStandard夫人，1824年過(guò)世。Standard夫人是愛(ài)倫坡同學(xué)的媽媽，愛(ài)倫坡第一次見(jiàn)到她是在同學(xué)家里，里士滿東格萊士街19號(hào)，1823年，當(dāng)時(shí)愛(ài)倫坡只有14歲，驚嘆于Standard夫人的美貌。Standard夫人待人友善并鼓勵(lì)愛(ài)倫坡寫詩(shī)，后來(lái)愛(ài)倫坡寫道Standard夫人是他的firstlove.第17頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)AboutHelen--海倫海倫是宙斯和勒達(dá)的女兒,她是那個(gè)時(shí)代最漂亮的女子.還在當(dāng)姑娘的時(shí)候,她被忒修斯劫持搶走.后來(lái)由兩位兄長(zhǎng)重新把她奪回來(lái).她跟隨繼父斯巴達(dá)國(guó)王廷達(dá)瑞俄斯長(zhǎng)大.之后，她嫁給了墨涅拉俄斯（亞各斯人的國(guó)王）。海倫給他生下一個(gè)女兒。后來(lái)，墨涅拉俄斯外出。海倫一個(gè)人在宮殿里很孤寂。一次外出中，她在阿爾忒彌斯神廟遇見(jiàn)帕拉斯王子。兩人相愛(ài)了。于是，王子就把海倫“劫持”到了自己的國(guó)家。也就是這件事，引發(fā)了著名的特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。第18頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)第19頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)第20頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)第21頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)ThebackgroundinformationofthepoemPoewroteToHelenasareflectiononthebeautyofMrs.JaneStithStanardwhodiedin1824.ShewasthemotherofoneofPoe’sschoolclassmates,whoissaidtohaveurgedhimtowritepoetry,andshewasPoe’sfirstreallove.

在中學(xué)時(shí)代，愛(ài)倫.坡曾經(jīng)熱切地眷戀過(guò)一位同學(xué)的母親，一個(gè)溫柔嫻靜、知書達(dá)理的女人，而這個(gè)女人在三十一歲死于腦瘤，無(wú)疑給愛(ài)倫·坡幼小的心靈刻上了終生難愈的創(chuàng)傷。第22頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)ToHelen-致海倫

Helen,thybeautyistomeLikethoseNiceanbarksofyore往昔，Thatgently,o'eraperfumedsea,Theweary,way-wornwandererboreTohisownnativeshore.

Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam游蕩,Thyhyacinth風(fēng)信子

hair,thyclassicface,ThyNaiad水仙女

airshavebroughtmehomeTotheglorythatwasGreece,AndthegrandeurthatwasRome.Lo!inyoubrilliantwindow-nicheHowstatue-likeIseetheestand,Theagate瑪瑙

lampwithinthyhand!Ah,Psyche普塞克,fromtheregionswhich

AreHolyLand!海倫，你的美貌于我，有如往日尼西亞的三桅船，在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，把勞困而倦游的浪子載還，回到他故國(guó)的港灣。早已習(xí)慣于怒海上的飄蕩，

你風(fēng)信子似的秀發(fā)，

你閃爍著古典美的面龐，

你水精仙子般的呼吸引我還鄉(xiāng)，

重見(jiàn)希臘的光榮與羅馬的輝煌?？?！那明亮的窗龕中間，我見(jiàn)你象一座神像站立，瑪瑙的亮燈擎在你手里，哦！普賽克，你所來(lái)自的地方原是那遙遠(yuǎn)的圣地！第23頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Hyperbole夸張海倫的美讓大海也變得“芬芳四溢”。Simile明喻海倫的美有如往日尼西亞的三桅船”，乍一看去，三桅船并非常見(jiàn)的美的喻體，但在愛(ài)倫坡看來(lái)，兩者的共通之處在于它們都能將疲憊的水手帶回家鄉(xiāng)。

Analyseindetail:Helen,thybeautyistomeLikethoseNiceanbarksofyore，Thatgently,o'eraperfumedsea,Theweary,way-wornwandererboreTohisownnativeshore.Alliteration頭韻

weary”，“way-worn”和“wanderer”都是以[w]開(kāi)頭的單詞。詩(shī)人通過(guò)頭韻將水手的疲憊形象活靈活現(xiàn)地展現(xiàn)出來(lái).第24頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)“風(fēng)信子般的頭發(fā)，典雅的面龐,水仙女般的風(fēng)姿帶我回到昨日希臘的光榮，和往昔羅馬的盛況。在第二節(jié)中，詩(shī)人進(jìn)一步描寫了海倫的美麗

Ondesperateseaslongwonttoroam,Thyhyacinthhair,thyclassicface,ThyNaiadairshavebroughtmehomeTotheglorythatwasGreece,AndthegrandeurthatwasRome

ParallelismandMetaphor第25頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Simile看！那明亮的窗龕中間，我見(jiàn)你象一座神像站立，在第三節(jié)詩(shī)中，詩(shī)人的描寫的對(duì)象從海倫轉(zhuǎn)到了普賽克（Psyche）—一個(gè)可以與海倫媲美的公主。

在希臘神話中，普賽克公主，美麗絕倫。他是愛(ài)神厄洛斯之妻，厄洛斯禁止她看見(jiàn)自己的模樣，而普賽克因好奇在夜晚舉燈看丈夫的模樣，燈油滴到愛(ài)神臉上喚醒了他，普塞克因此被丈夫逐出家門。Lo!inyoubrilliantwindow-nicheHowstatue-likeIseetheestand,Theagate

lampwithinthyhand!Ah,Psyche,fromtheregionswhich

AreHolyLand!第26頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)TheThemeThebeautyofawomanwithwhomPoebecameacquaintedwhenhewas14.Apparentlyshetreatedhimkindlyandmayhaveurgedhimorperhapsinspiredhimtowritepoetry.Beauty,asPoeusesthewordinthepoem,appearstorefertothewoman’sbody

aswellashersoul.

Ontheonehand,herepresentsherasHelenofTroy—thequintessence（典范）ofphysicalbeauty-atthebeginningofthispoem.

Ontheother,herrepresentsherasPsyche

–attheendofthepoem.InGreek,Psychemeanssoul.Physicalbeauty+SpiritualbeautyThetruebeauty第27頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Abouttheauthor’sfeeling這是一首寫給內(nèi)心深處所愛(ài)的女人的詩(shī)。充滿了古典主義式唯美,深刻的表達(dá)了作者對(duì)愛(ài)與美的執(zhí)著追求艾倫坡對(duì)自己的詩(shī)解釋就是：為了美而美，為了詩(shī)而詩(shī)。而他所提到的美絕不僅僅是外表上的，還有精神上的純潔與真摯。第28頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Helen:AnallusiontoHelenofTroyinGreekmythology.Nicean:OforfromNicea(alsospelledNicaea),acityinancientTurkeynearthesiteoftheTrojanWar.barks:smallsailingvessels.Endrhyme:A,B,A,B,B.1stanza第29頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)2stanzawont:accustomedtoNaiad:NaiadswereminornaturegoddessesinGreekandRomanmythology.Theyinhabitedandpresidedoverrivers,lakes,streams,andfountains.Naiadairs:Peaceful,gentlebreezesorqualitiestheglorythat...Rome:Theselasttwolines,beginningwiththeglorythatwas,areamongthemostfrequentlyquotedlinesinworldliterature.Endrhyme:A,B,A,B,A.

Halfrhyme:FaceandGreece第30頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)3stanzaPsyche:InGreekandRomanmythology,Psychewasabeautifulprincessdeartothegodoflove,Eros(Cupid),whowouldvisitherinadarkenedroominapalace.Onenightsheusedanagatelamptodiscoverhisidentity.Later,attheurgingofEros,Zeusgaveherthegiftofimmortality.Erosthenmarriedher.

Endrhyme:A,B,B,A,B.fromtheregionswhichareHolyLand:fromancientGreeceandRome;fromthememoryPoehadofMrs.Stanard第31頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)ImageryandSummaryofthePoem

Poeopensthepoemwithasimile–“Helen,thybeautyistome/LikethoseNicéanbarksofyore”–thatcomparesthebeautyofHelen(Mrs.Stanard,)withsmallsailingboats(barks)thatcarriedhometravelersinancienttimes.第32頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Heextendsthisboatimageryintothesecondstanza,whenhesaysHelenbroughthimtotheshoresofthegreatestcivilizationsofantiquity,classicalGreeceandRome.ItmaywellhavebeenthatMrs.Stanard’sbeautyandotheradmirablequalities,aswellashertakingnoticeofPoe’swritingability,helpedinspirehimtowritepoetrythatmimickedinsomewaystheclassicaltraditionofGreeceandRome.Certainlythepoem’sallusionstomythologyandtheclassicalagesuggestthathehadagroundingin,andafondnessfor,ancienthistoryandliterature.第33頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Inthefinalstanzaofthepoem,PoeimaginesthatMrs.Stanard(Helen)isstandingbeforehiminarecessoralcoveinfrontofawindow.Sheisholdinganagatelamp,asthebeautifulPsychedidwhenshediscoveredtheidentityofEros(Cupid).第34頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Theme

Beauty,asPoeusesthewordinthepoem,appearstorefertothewoman'ssoulaswellasherbody.Ontheonehand,herepresentsherasHelenofTroy–thequintessenceofphysicalbeauty–atthebeginningofthepoem.Ontheother,herepresentsherasPsyche–thequintessenceofsoulfulbeauty–attheendofthepoem.InGreek,psychemeanssoul.第35頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)AnnabelLeeByAllenPoe第36頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)第37頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)SettingThenarrator(persona)writesaboutafictionalkingdomalongtheoceanshore.Itisanidyllic,beautiful,landofenchantment–aparadiseonearth–whereheandAnnabelLeefellinloveasadolescents.Onecanimaginethattheystrolledthebeaches,handinhand,ingentlebreezeswhilethesunwentdownandthetiderushedin.Thiskingdom,whereloveruledtheirhearts,remainsdeartothememoryofthepoetafterAnnabelLeedies,forhissoulremainsunitedwithhers.

第38頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Characters

Narrator(persona):Amanofdeepsensibilitywhoextollsayoungmaidenwithwhomhefelldeeplyinlove.AnnabelLee:Beautifulyoungmaidenlovedbythepoet.Shewasofnoblebirth,asLine17ofStanza1suggestswhenitsaysshehad“highborn”relatives.AnnabelLeeprobablyrepresentsPoe'swife,whodiedatayoungage.Seraphs:MembersofthehighestorderofangelsaroundthethroneofGod.AccordingtotheBible,theyeachhadthreepairsofwings.Inthepoem,theseraphsaresoenviousofthelovebetweenthenarratorandAnnabelLeethattheycauseAnnabel’sdeath.RelativeofAnnabelLee:A

“highbornkinsman”(Line17,Stanza1)whocarriesawayandentombsherbody.

第39頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)FamiliarMotif:RomeoandJulietLikeShakespeare’sRomeoandJuliet,thenarratorandAnnabelLeearebothveryyoungwhentheyfalldeeplyinlove.Inaddition,likeShakespeare’s“star-crossed”lovers,Poe’sloversbecomevictimsofforcesbeyondtheircontrol.Finally,thenarratorandAnnabelLee–likeRomeoandJuliet–experiencealovebeyondtheunderstandingofolderpersons.(Seetheopeninglinesofthesecondstanza.)

TheRealAnnabelLeeThemodelforAnnabelLeewasprobablyPoe’swife,VirginiaClemm,whomhemarriedwhenshewasonly13.Theirmarriagewasaveryhappyone.Unfortunately,shediedoftuberculosisinJanuary1847whenshewasstillinhertwenties.Poe

diedtwoyearsandninemonthslater–onOctober7,1849.“AnnabelLee”washislastpoem.

Rhyme,Rhythm,Repetition:PoeusesthreeR’s–rhyme,rhythm,andrepetition–in“AnnabelLee”tocreateaharmonyofsoundsthatunderscoretheexquisiteharmonyofthenarrator’srelationshipwithhisbeloved.第40頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Theme

Eternallove.ThelovebetweenthenarratorandAnnabelLeeissostrongandbeautifulandpurethateventheseraphs,thehighestorderofangelsinheaven,envyit.TheyattempttokillthislovebysendingachillingwindthatkillsAnnabelLee.However,theloveremainsalive–eternal–becausethesoulsoftheloversremainunited.ThedeathofabeautifulwomanisacommonthemeinPoe’swriting.

第41頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)P(yáng)oerepeatsthisrhythmicpatternthroughoutthepoem,perhapstosuggesttheriseandfallofthetides.Healsorepeatskeyphrases–suchasinthiskingdombytheseaandmyAnnabelLee(ormybeautifulAnnabelLee)–tocreatehauntingrefrains.Inaddition,Poesometimesrepeatswordsorwordpatternswithinasingleline,asin(1)manyandmanyayearago,(2)welovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove,and(3)mydarling–mydarling.Poefurtherenhancestherhythmofthepoemwiththerepetitionofconsonantsounds(alliteration).Notice,forexample,therepetitionofthe“w”and“l(fā)”soundsinthislineinStanza2:Butwelovedwithalovethatwasmorethanlove."Poesometimescouplesrepetitionofconsonantsoundswithrepetitionofvowelsounds,asinmanyandmany,loveandbeloved,andthosewhowereolderthanwe.第42頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)WordChoice:Poecarefullychosethewordsofthepoemtoevokeadreamlandorfairytaleatmosphere.Itwasmanyandmanyayearago,forexample,echoesthetraditionalfairytaleopeningofonceuponatime.Thewordskingdom,maiden,andchildthenleadthereaderintothenever-neverland,withkingdomsuggestingchivalryandromance,maiden

suggestinginnocence,andchildsuggestingthewondermentofyouth.Althoughhefirstusessepulchre(Stanza3)torefertoAnnabelLee'sburialchamber–thenrepeatsitintheseventhlineofStanza6–heusestombinthelastlineofthepoemtorefertoherrestingplace.

Tomb

hasamoreominousconnotation,suggestingfinality.Italsohasamoredeathlyring,likethecavernoustollofafuneralbell.

第43頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Imagery–DarknessandLight:Impliedandexplicitimagesofdarknessandlightoccurthroughoutthepoem.Poeimpliesthatthe

kingdombytheseaisabright,cheerfulplacewherethesunshinesontwoyounglovers,thenarratorandAnnabelLee.Ironically,inanotherrealmofdazzlinglight–heaven–thehighestorderofangels,theSeraphim,growdarkwithenvyoftheyoungcouple.Undercoverofnight,theysendacoldwindthatkillsAnnabelLee:"Thewindcameoutofthecloudbynight,/ChillingandkillingmyAnnabelLee."Butthenarratorsaysheremainsinarealmoflight,forhissoulandthesoulofAnnabelLeeareone.Inthelaststanza,Poeemphasizesthispointwithlightimagery第44頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)

Ihopeyouwon'tmindwhenIgowithoutyouforanicechatwithaclosefriendofmine.Youaremybosomfriend,butyoucannottaketheplaceofotherfriendsanymorethantheycandoyours.Ineedtheircare,encouragementandsoberingcriticismjustasIdoyours.Astarlessskywithasolitarymoonwouldbedullandcheerless,whynotlettherebeamoonlitnightresplendentwithtwinklingstars.第45頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)

mayoccasionallywanttomakeatouroffarawayplaces.Pleasedon'tholdmebackwhenIstartpackingforit.Youarethecenterofmylife,butcertainlynotthewholeofit.Iyearntoseethemysteriesandwondersoftheworldmilesawaybeyondthemountains;Soletmehaveachancetoexploremy“Alice'sWonderland”asa“l(fā)oneranger”.SometimelaterwhenIcomebacktoyouwithexoticexperiencesandfreshinsights,I'msureyouwilllookatmeinanewlight.Mydearhusband,solongasyouletmehavesuchalittle,littleworld,I'llbeverymuchindebtedtoyou.第46頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)UseofAlliteration:Poereliesheavilyonalliterationin"AnnabelLee"tocreatepleasingsoundpatterns.Followingareexamplesofalliterationinthepoem:第47頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)FirstStanzaNoticetherecurrenceof"m"and"n"sounds(alliteration).

第48頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)SecondStanzaCoveted:envied,resented

第49頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)ThirdStanzathiswasthereason:theseraphs'envy

longago:thesewordsechomanyayearagoinLine1,Stanza1.

acloud:Usingthesewordsinsteadoftheskyinfusesforebodingandgloomwhilesymbolizingthedarkenvyoftheseraphs.

selpulchre:Britishspellingofsepulcher.Britain,ofcourse,hasalwayshadamonarchy,thetypeofgovernmentthatwouldruleina"kingdombythesea第50頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Fourthstanzaoutofacloudbynight:Useofthisphraseemphasizesthedarkenvyoftheangelsandtheirsneakyscheme(whichunfoldsunderthecoverofnight).

chillingandkilling:anexampleofinternalrhyme第51頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)FifthStanzaThenarratorherefocusesonthreeworlds:(1)earth,therealmofhumans;(2)heaven,therealmofangels;and(3)hell,therealmofdemons.ThelovebetweenhimandAnnabelisstrongerthananyotherearthlyloveandcansurvivethesinistereffortsoftheangelsandthedemonstosabotage蓄意破壞it.

ever,dissever:internalrhyme第52頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)SixthStanzaPoestressesimageryoflightinthisstanza,associatingmoonbeamswithdreamsabouthisbelovedandtheradianceofstarswithhereyes.Inthesixthline,heusesafigureofspeechcalledanaphora首語(yǔ)重復(fù)法whenhewritesthewordmyfourtimes.第53頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)因?yàn)槊恳乖铝恋墓廨x都為我?guī)?lái)夢(mèng)寐，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)美麗的安娜貝爾·麗；而每夜星星的上升都使我感到那眼神，來(lái)自美麗的安娜貝爾·麗。于是，在整個(gè)夜間，我都躺下，在她的身邊，我的愛(ài)，我的愛(ài)，我的生命我的新娘……在臨海的孤墳里，在騷響的海畔的小墓里。第54頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)TheRavenEdagrAllenPoe(1809-1849)Hiswritingthemes:Poe的寫作主題1.death-predominantthemeinpoe‘swriting死亡—是Poe的詩(shī)歌的主題2.disintegrationoflife生命的瓦解，崩潰3.horrorandmystery恐懼，神秘第55頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Aglorified

crow

Araven,whichcanbeuptotwofeetlong,isatypeofcrow.Ravenseatsmallanimals,carrion,fruit,andseeds.Theyoften

appearinlegendandliteratureas

sinisteromens.

Italwysstandsforevil，ghostandsomethingbad.Asymbolofdeath烏鴉，通常吃小動(dòng)物，腐肉，水果，和種子。烏鴉通查出現(xiàn)在神話故事和文學(xué)作品中，象征邪惡的女人，是死亡的象征。第56頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)background

Amanwhohaslosthisbeloved,awoman

namedLenore.Heisdepressed,lonely,

andpossiblymentallyunstable

asaresultofhis

bereavement.

Hewasindeepsorrowinhiswife‘sdeath.詩(shī)歌背景：一個(gè)男人剛剛失去他的妻子Lenore，他非常的沮喪，孤獨(dú)，精神狀態(tài)極差，沉浸在喪妻的痛苦之中。第57頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIponderedweakandweary,

Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore,

WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,

Asofsomeonegentlyrapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.

`'Tissomevisitor,'Imuttered,`tappingatmychamberdoor

Onlythis,andnothingmore.'從前一個(gè)陰郁的子夜，我獨(dú)自沉思，慵懶疲竭，

沉思許多古怪而離奇、早已被人遺忘的傳聞——

當(dāng)我開(kāi)始打盹，幾乎入睡，突然傳來(lái)一陣輕擂，

仿佛有人在輕輕叩擊，輕輕叩擊我的房門。

“有人來(lái)了，”我輕聲嘟喃，“正在叩擊我的房門——

唯此而已，別無(wú)他般?！?/p>

第58頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,

Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.

EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;-vainlyIhadsoughttoborrow

Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelostLenore

FortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnamedLenore

Namelesshereforevermore.

哦，我清楚地記得那是在蕭瑟的十二月；

每一團(tuán)奄奄一息的余燼都形成陰影伏在地板。

我當(dāng)時(shí)真盼望翌日；——因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)枉費(fèi)心機(jī)

想用書來(lái)消除悲哀——消除因失去麗諾爾的悲嘆——

因那被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她美麗嬌艷——

在這兒卻默默無(wú)聞，直至永遠(yuǎn)。第59頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)TheRavenIthaseighteenplotsandeachplothassixlinesIttellsofa

talkingRaven'smysteriousvisittoadistraughtlover,tracingtheman'sslowfallintomadness.《烏鴉》共有18節(jié)，每節(jié)6行，烏鴉到訪心碎如麻的愛(ài)人，記錄了該男子幾乎接近瘋狂的悲傷。Thepoemmakesuseofanumberoffolksandclassicalreference!該詩(shī)歌引用了傳說(shuō)和古典神話。Thelover,oftenidentifiedasbeingastudent,islamenting(惋惜)thelossofhislove,Lenore.詩(shī)歌中的男子，正悲痛惋惜逝去的戀人，Lenore第60頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Setting

Thechamberofahouseat

midnight.Poeusesthewordchamberratherthanbedroomapparentlybecausechamberhasadarkandmysteriousconnotation.

theaimistocreateanatmosphere---mysterious,horrible,gloomy故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)廂房，作者用chamber這個(gè)詞而不用bedroom,因?yàn)閏hamber有著黑暗和神秘的聯(lián)想。作者主要想創(chuàng)造一種神秘，恐懼，陰暗的氣氛。第61頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)WordChoice

Asinhisshortstories,Poeis

careful

touseprimarilywordsthatcontributetotheoverallatmosphereandtoneofthepoem.Thesewordsincludeweary,dreary,bleak,dying,sorrow,sad,darkness,stillness,mystery,ebony,grave,stern,lonely,grim,ghastly,andgaunt.

詩(shī)人主要用了一些詞如weary

疲憊的,dreary

枯燥的,bleak

昏暗的,dying垂死的,sorrow悲傷,sad

悲傷的,darkness

黑暗,stillness

寂靜,mystery神秘,ebony烏黑的,grave

墳?zāi)?stern

苛刻的,lonely

寂寞的,grim

陰冷的,ghastly

可怕蒼白的,andgaunt

憔悴荒涼的.

給詩(shī)歌烘托一種憂郁可怕的氣氛。第62頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)SoundAndRhythm

Themelancholytoneof"TheRaven"reliesasmuch

onitsmusicalsoundandrhythmicpatternasonthemeaningofthewords.Thispatternusesa

stressedsyllablefollowedbyan

unstressedsyllable,withatotalof

sixteensyllablesineachline.《烏鴉》的憂郁的調(diào)子也通過(guò)詩(shī)歌的韻律來(lái)體現(xiàn)，每行十六個(gè)音節(jié)，一個(gè)重音節(jié)緊跟著一個(gè)非重音節(jié)。第63頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)theRavenOnceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweary，Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore，WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.―Tissomevisitor,"Imuttered,"tappingatmychamberdoor——Onlythis,andnothingmore."有一天陰沉的半夜時(shí)分，當(dāng)我疲乏煩悶，面對(duì)一堆古籍奇書，想把失傳的奧秘揭開(kāi)，當(dāng)我打著盹幾乎睡著，忽聽(tīng)得一聲剝啄，仿佛有人輕輕敲著，輕敲在我的房門外。―誰(shuí)敲門呢?‖我喃喃道，―一定有客人來(lái)，——?jiǎng)e無(wú)其他，不必費(fèi)疑猜?！?4頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Ah,

distinctly

I

remember

it

was

in

the

bleak

December,And

each

separate

dying

ember

wrought

its

ghost

upon

the

floor.

Eagerly

I

wished

the

morrow;

vainly

I

had

tried

to

borrowFrom

my

books

surcease

of

sorrow

--

sorrow

for

the

lost

LenoreFor

the

rare

and

radiant

maiden

whom

the

angels

name

Lenore

Nameless

here

for

evermore.

啊，記得清清楚楚，那是十二月寒冷刺骨，

行將熄滅的余燼投射的鬼影在地上搖擺。

我焦急地盼望天亮，我徒勞地搜尋書章，

想從書中借良方，——止住失去麗諾爾的悲哀——

天使命名麗諾爾的少女呀多么明媚可愛(ài)，

人間此名已永不存在。第65頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)And

the

silken

sad

uncertain

rustling

of

each

purple

curtain

Thrilled

me--

filled

me

with

fantastic

terrors

never

felt

before;

So

that

now,

to

still

the

beating

of

my

heart,

I

stood

repeating,

"

'

Tis

some

visitor

entreating

entrance

at

my

chamber

door—

Some

late

visitor

entreating

entrance

at

my

chamber

door

—

This

it

is

and

nothing

more.

‖

每幅紫紅的絲綢簾幕，發(fā)出悲哀的簌簌，

使從未體驗(yàn)的荒誕的恐怖向我襲來(lái)；

此刻為了止住心悸，我站著再次說(shuō)道：

―這是有人來(lái)找，敲著我的房門要求進(jìn)來(lái)，

―這是半夜的客人，敲著我的房門要求進(jìn)來(lái)，——

別無(wú)其他，不必費(fèi)疑猜?！?6頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)P(yáng)resently

my

soul

grew

stronger;

hesitating

then

no

longer,

"Sir,"

said

I,

"or

Madam,

truly

your

forgiveness

I

implore;But

the

fact

is

I

was

napping,

and

so

gently

you

came

rapping,

And

so

faintly

you

came

tapping,

tapping

at

my

chamber

door,

That

I

scarce

was

sure

I

heard

you"--here

I

opened

wide

the

door;

Darkness

there,

and

nothing

more.

剎那間我鼓足了勇氣，于是我不再遲疑，

―我誠(chéng)懇地請(qǐng)你原諒，‖我說(shuō)，―先生或太太，

事實(shí)我是瞌睡朦朧，而你又敲得太輕，

那么模糊不清地敲著敲著，在我房門外，

我不知是否真的聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，‖這時(shí)我把房門大開(kāi)，——

一無(wú)所有，一片陰霾。

第67頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Deepintothatdarknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearingDoubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore;Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken,Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,"Lenore!“ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,"Lenore!"Merelythis,andnothingmore.我向這片黑暗張望，我愣在那兒，驚疑慌張，

凡人從不敢做的怪夢(mèng)紛紛向我襲來(lái)，

但周圍一片寂靜，黑暗中毫無(wú)跡象可尋，

唯有低語(yǔ)―麗諾爾‖的聲音在黑夜里徘徊，

這是我低呼―麗諾爾!‖而回聲又傳了回來(lái)，

別無(wú)其他，除此以外。第68頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Thenintothechamberturningallmysoulwithinmeburning,SoonIheardagainatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore."Surely,"saidI,"surelythatissomethingatmywindowlattice;Letmesee,then,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexplore—Letmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore;—'Tisthewind,andnothingmore!于是我轉(zhuǎn)身進(jìn)房，整個(gè)靈魂像著了火一樣，馬上又聽(tīng)到一聲剝啄，響聲超過(guò)了剛才。

―我敢斷定，‖我說(shuō)，―有東西在敲我的窗格，讓我看看那兒有什么，好把這神秘解開(kāi)，——讓我的心稍微靜一靜，就把這神秘解開(kāi)，——準(zhǔn)是風(fēng)聲，豈有他哉!‖第69頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Open

here

I

flung

the

shutter,

when,

with

many

a

flirt

and

flutter,

In

there

stepped

a

stately

raven

of

the

saintly

days

of

yore;

Not

the

least

obeisance

made

he;

not

an

instant

stopped

or

stayed

he;

But,

with

mien

of

lord

or

lady,

perched

above

my

chamber

doorPerched

upon

a

bust

of

Pallas

just

above

my

chamber

door

Perched,

and

sat,

and

nothing

more.

這時(shí)我大敞了百葉窗，于是，抖動(dòng)著翅膀，

跨進(jìn)一只嚴(yán)肅的烏鴉——他屬于神圣的古代；

他毫無(wú)謙恭的禮儀，也毫不停步或遲疑，

卻擺出貴族的神氣，跑到我房門頂上呆，

在我門頂?shù)闹腔叟裱诺淠鹊南裆洗簦?/p>

呆在那里，再不下來(lái)。第70頁(yè)/共102頁(yè)Then

this

ebony

bird

beguiling

my

sad

fancy

into

smilingBy

the

grave

and

stern

dec