類翻譯主題詞匯中國歷史四大文明古國之一oneoffourancientcivilizations人類文明史thehistoryofhumancivilization源遠流長tohavealonghistory歷史悠久withalonghistory朝代dynasty古都ancientcapital隨著時間推移astimegoesby遠古時代ancienttimes原始社會primitivesociety春秋時期theSpringandAutumnPeriod戰(zhàn)國theWarringStates封建社會feudalsociety皇帝emperor君主monarch歷史遺留問題aquestionleftoverfromhistory/thepast在戰(zhàn)爭中損毀toberuinedinwars抵抗侵略toresisttheinvasion五四運動theMayMovementof1919在……世紀初atthebeginningof…century迄今為止uptillnow追溯到todate/tracebackto來源于toderive/stemfrom;tooriginatefrom/in發(fā)祥地birthplace興起于……，興盛于……toemergein…andprosperin…保存最完好的best-preserved原址originatedsite國家博物館nationalmuseum皇帝統(tǒng)治時期aperiodofemperorreign諸侯國kingdom勤政愛民tobediligentandloveone'speople退位togiveupthethrone帝王宮殿imperialpalace以……命名tobenamedafter歷史人物historicfigure陽歷solarcalendar陰歷lunarcalendar天干heavenl ystem地支earthlybranch閏年leapyear中國文化概論重要文化遺產(chǎn)majorculturalheritage優(yōu)秀民間藝術outstandingfolkarts文化產(chǎn)業(yè)cultureindustry文化底蘊culturaldeposit文化事業(yè)culturalundertaking文化交流culturalexchange文化沖擊cultureshock文化差異culturaldifference獨特的藝術價值uniqueartisticvalues誠實守信honesty愛國主義精神patriotism國寶nationaltreasure文物culturalrelics華夏祖先theChineseancestors中華民族theChinesenations傳統(tǒng)美德traditionalvirtues文人menofletters雅士refinedscholars才子佳人giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies高雅藝術refined/highart中外學者Chineseandoverseasscholars古為今用tomakethepastservethepresent洋為中用tomaketheforeignserveChina無愧于時代的作品theworksworthyoftimes文明搖籃cradleofcivilization古代文明ancientcivilization博大精深tobeextensiveandprofound享有……的聲譽toenjoyahigh/goodreputationfor被譽為tobehonored/crownedas占據(jù)重要地位toplayasignificantrole;tooccupyasignificantplace肩負……的責任toshoulderresponsibilityof與……密不可分tobecloselyassociatedwith推廣中國文化topromoteChineseculture促進世界和平topromotepeace增進友誼toenhancefriendship文化娛樂活動culturalandamusementactivities民族特性和價值觀nationalidentityandvalue在各地差異很大tovarywidelyfromplace/regiontoplace/region;促進文化的傳播topromotethespreadofculture蓬勃發(fā)展toflourish豐富多彩toberichandcolorful風俗習慣custom禁忌taboo尊敬老人torespecttheelderly贍養(yǎng)父母tosupport/takecareofparents繼承toinherit后人latergeneration強身健體toimprovethephysicalhealth;tostrengthenthebody益壽延年toprolonglife保佑平安tokeepsb.safe象征意義symbolicmeaning象征好運與祝福tosymbolizegoodluckandblessings審美觀tasteforbeauty品味aesthetictaste中國傳統(tǒng)文化中醫(yī)藥traditionalChinesemedicine中草藥herbalmedicine望、聞、問、切observing,listening,inquiring,pulsetaking癥狀symptom重大發(fā)明asignificantinvention中國古代四大發(fā)明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火藥gunpowder印刷術printing造紙術paper-making指南針thecompass文房四寶theFourTreasuresoftheStudy筆、墨、紙、硯brush,inkstick,paper,inkstone漢字Chinesecharacter筆劃stroke普通話四聲調thefourtonesofMandarinChinese書法calligraphy中國畫traditionalChinesepainting水墨畫Chinesebrushpainting;inkwashpainting武術martialarts中國功夫KongFu太極TaiChi孔子Confucius孟子Mencius思想學派schoolofthought思想核心thecoreofideology代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture和尚、僧人monk寺廟temple伊斯蘭教Islam清真寺mosque宗教religion建筑architecture鐘樓belltower鼓樓drumtower牌坊memorialarchway兵馬俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses絲綢之路theSickRoad故宮theImperialPalace天壇theTempleofHeaven民間故事folktale寓言fable傳說legend凡間humanworld京劇PekingOpera臉譜mask正面角色positiverole木偶戲puppetshow皮影戲shadowplay雜技acrobatics相聲crosstalk說、學、逗、唱speaking,imitating,teasingandsinging說書story-telling傳統(tǒng)工藝品traditionalhandicraft形狀不一tobeofdifferentshapes材質各異variousmaterials質地堅硬hardtexture造型生動vividfigure色彩豐富richcolors風格獨特characteristic/uniquestyle刺繡embroidery泥人clayfigure瓷器porcelain;china陶器pottery；earthenware青銅器bronzeware雕刻tocarve圖章seal中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)theSpringFestival/ChineseNewYear除夕ChineseNewYear’sEve年夜飯annualreuniondinner拜年topayanewyearcall探親訪友to(paya)visittorelativesandfriends親朋好友relativesandfriends大掃除tothoroughlycleanthehouse驅厄運tosweepawaytheillfortune;togetridofbadluck去除災害towardoffevils發(fā)紅包togivemoneyinredenvelopes;tohandoutredenvelopes歡度…thecelebrationof…;tocelebrate…春聯(lián)springcouplets廟會templefair民間藝人folkartists祭神god-worshiping爆竹firecracker煙火firework(s)年畫(traditional)newyearpicture壓歲錢newyear’sgift-money元宵節(jié)thelanternFestival清明節(jié)theTomb-sweepingDay端午節(jié)theDragonFestival中秋節(jié)theMid-AutumnDay/Festival重陽節(jié)theDouble-ninthDay七夕節(jié)theDouble-seventhDay舞龍dragondance花燈festivallantern燈謎lanternriddle有益的智力活動beneficialintelligentactivity中國結Chineseknot舞獅liondance賽龍舟dragonboatrace賞月toenjoythefullmoon信貸緊縮creditsqueeze取錢towithdrawmoney利率interestrate找工作tohuntforjobs;job-hunting招聘廣告thewanadvertisements職位position;post;jobvacancy/opening求職信applianceletter工作簡歷jobresume;CV填寫申請表tofillin/outtheapplianceform接受職位toaccept/takethepost接任職位totakeovertheposition工作面試jobinterview職業(yè)前景jobprospects就業(yè)機會jobopportunity工資待遇payoffer津貼allowance帶薪假paidvacation傷殘保險disabilityinsurance失業(yè)保險unemploymentinsurance培訓咨詢trainingconsultancy專業(yè)技能professionalwork腦力勞動mentalwork體力勞動labor/physicalwork手工勞動manuallabor/work工作時間workingtime加班overtime夜班nightshift零工oddjob證券securities匯率exchangerate股票stock資產(chǎn)assets利潤profit教育普及教育universaleducation高等教育highereducation象牙塔ivorytower正規(guī)院校regularuniversitiesandcolleges軍校militaryacademy九年義務教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation學前教育preschooleducation失學兒童dropout文盲illiteracy;illiterate受過良好的教育well-educated入學率enrollmentrate適齡兒童入學率enrollmentrateforchildrenofschoolage高考(university/college)entranceexamination考研totaketheentranceexamsforpostgraduateschools讀研toattendgraduateschool畢業(yè)典禮commencement/graduationceremony畢業(yè)鑒定graduationappraisal畢業(yè)論文agraduationdissertation/thesis/paper畢業(yè)實習graduationfieldwork;togetoutoninternships授予學位toconferanacademicdegreeonsb.博士學位doctor’sdegree碩士學位master’sdegree學士學位bachelor’sdegree在職博士生on-jobdoctorate研究生畢業(yè)/學位graduatediploma/graduatedegree’sdiploma中專生secondaryspecializedortechnicalschoolstudent在校大學生undergraduate中小學elementary/primaryandmiddle/secondaryschools（大學）擴招scaleexpansion擴大招生人數(shù)toenlargeschoolenrollment/recruits走讀生extern;non-residentstudent住校生boarder課外活動extracurricularactivity必修課compulsory/requiredcourse選修課elective/optionalcourse基礎課basiccourse專業(yè)課specializedcourse專業(yè)知識specializedknowledge開設課程tooffercourse課程表schoolschedule教學大綱teachingprogram;syllabus學分制creditsystem補考make-upexamination學年schoolyear師資力量teachingfaculty應試教育exam-orientededucation(system)推進素質教育topushaheadwitheducationforall-arounddevelopment基本實現(xiàn)教育現(xiàn)代化tobasicallymodernizeeducation招生就業(yè)指導enrollmentandvocationguidance競爭激烈fiercecompetition評價體系evaluationsystem選拔官員/人才toselectofficials/talents海外留學生overseasstudents;internationalstudents科技信息時代informationage信息爆炸informationexplosion高科技產(chǎn)品high-techproduct電子設備electronicdevice智能手機smart/intelligentphone創(chuàng)新innovation核心科技coretechnology電訊telecommunication硬件hardware軟件software搜索引擎searchengine網(wǎng)頁瀏覽webbrowsing即時消息instantmessage視頻電話videophone文件傳輸documenttransmission在線社區(qū)onlinecommunity社交模式socialnetworking網(wǎng)上沖浪tosurfontheInternet網(wǎng)民netizens活躍用戶activeuser對……上癮tobe/getaddictedto計算機病毒computervirus虛擬世界virtualworld網(wǎng)上購物onlineshopping電子商務e-commerce消費理念consumptionconcept大眾媒體massmedia出版商publisher電子版electronicversion空間實驗室spacelaboratory航天飛機shuttle衛(wèi)星satellite探測器detector社會生活計劃生育familyplanning基本國策abasicnational/statepolicy制定政策tomakepolicy（政策）生效、開始實施tocomeintoeffect/force幾世同堂的家庭afamilyconsistingofseveralgenerations晚婚晚育latemarriageandlatechildbirth搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育topromotegoodprenatalandpostnatalcare穩(wěn)定低生育水平tostabilizethelowbirthrate簡化審批程序tosimplifyapprovalprocedures行政管理administrativemanagement違反規(guī)定toviolatearule/regulation居委會CommunityAssociation掛失toreporttheloss補辦tore-apply/re-register/post-register戶籍householdregistration居住證residencepermit少數(shù)民族ethnicminority過快增長excessivegrowth急劇下降tobeonthesharpdecline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparselypopulated人口基數(shù)/密度/分布populationbase/density/distribution人口出生率birthrate人口增長的高峰期babyboom人口素質qualifyofpopulation人口老齡化agingofpopulation老齡化社會agingsociety城鎮(zhèn)化urbanization高樓大廈high-rise/tall/highbuilding小康社會well-offfamily貧困家庭poorfamily和睦相處toliveinpeace/harmony中國特色社會主義socialismwithChinesecharacteristics推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略topursuethestrategyofsustainabledevel