2019高考英語(yǔ)（九月）題型整合練（9）李仕才一、閱讀理解。APersuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.Accordingtotheancientbasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.

likeartwhichalsocallsGreeks,therearethreeEthosisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,andreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuch

honestexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you’remorelikelytoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.

tolistenPathosisaspeaker’swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying

“believeme

”.Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1.Whatisthepurposeofpersuasion?A.Toadvisesomebodytosupportyou.B.TohelpsomeonehavespecialskillC.Toconvincesomebodytorealizehisaim.D.Totalksomeoneintobeinghonest.2.Whatisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencetotrusthim?A.Pathos.B.Ethos.C.Logos.D.Education.3.Whatdoapoliticianandananimalcharityhaveincommon?A.Bothpreventthemselvesfrombeinghurt.B.Bothsavepeoplefromterriblewars.C.Bothmaketheaudiencesupportthem.D.Bothpersuadepeopletodonatemoney.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ConvincetheAudienceB.ThreeBasicToolsofPersuasionC.BelieveMeD.StrengthofPersuasion【文章粗心】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了源自于古希臘且向來(lái)沿用到現(xiàn)在的說(shuō)服別人的藝術(shù)，此中包含ethos、pathos、logos三種方式以及用這三種方式說(shuō)服別人在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。1.A【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句話“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.”可知，說(shuō)服是為了建議人們支持你。應(yīng)選A。3.C【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第二句“Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.”和最后一句“Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.”可知，政治家可能會(huì)說(shuō)他會(huì)單獨(dú)一人從可拍的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中拯救一個(gè)國(guó)家為了說(shuō)服觀眾為他投票，動(dòng)物慈善機(jī)構(gòu)向觀眾展現(xiàn)受傷的貓或許狗的圖片是為了讓觀眾感覺(jué)可憐，更可能捐錢(qián)。所以可知，政治家和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的共同之處是他們都想讓聽(tīng)眾支持他們。應(yīng)選C。4.B【分析】標(biāo)題判斷題。縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了說(shuō)服人的藝術(shù)，包含ethos、pathos、logos三中不一樣的方式，以及這三種方式在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。所以推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服2的三種基本方式”為最正確標(biāo)題，概略了文章中心要旨。應(yīng)選B。BWewereordinarypeopletakingthebuseverydaythatsummer.Duringtheearlymorningrides，wesatsleepilyonourseats.Oneofthepassengerswasasmallgreymantothecenterforseniorcitizens.Hewalkedwithastoop(駝背)andasadlookonhisface.Wepaidlittleattentiontohim.ThenoneJulymorninghesaidgoodmorningtothedriverandsmiledtousbeforesittingdown.Thedrivernoddedpolitely，therestofusbeingsilent.Thenextday，theoldmanboardedthebusenergetically，smiledandsaidloud，“Goodmorning！”Someofuslookedup，amazed，andmurmured“Goodmorning”．Thefollowingweeksweweremoresurprised.Ourfriendwasdressedinaniceoldsuitwiththethinhaircarefullycombed.Hesaidgoodmorningtouseverydayandwegraduallybegantonodandtalktoeachother.Onemorninghehadabunchofwildflowersinhishand.Thedriversmilinglyasked，“Haveyougotyourselfagirlfriend？”Henoddedshyly，“Shelivesatthecenter.”Theotherpassengerswhistledandclappedathim.Charliebowedbeforesittingdown.EverymorningafterthatCharliealwaysbroughtaflower.Someregularpassengersbeganbringinghimflowersforhisbunch.Everyonesmiledandjokedaboutit.Butonemorninghedidn’tturnup.Whenhewasn’ttherethefollowingdays，westartedwonderingifhewassickor...Westoppedatthecenterforseniorcitizens.Thestafftoldushewasfine，buthehadn’tbeencomingthatweek.Oneofhisveryclosefriendshaddiedattheweekend.TheyexpectedhimbackonMonday.Howsilentwewereontherestofthewaytowork!ThenextMondayhewaswaitingatthestop，stoopingabitmoreandabitmoregrey.Insidethebuswasasilence，allofussittingwithoureyesfilledwithtearsandwildflowersinourhands.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記述文。本來(lái)沉寂的車(chē)廂因一位老人友善、熱忱的行為變得活躍起來(lái)，熱忱是能夠感染別人的。在老人情緒低沉?xí)r，也收到了來(lái)自別人的關(guān)愛(ài)。1．Theoldmanboardedthebusenergeticallyprobablybecause．A．heboughtabunchofflowers3B．hegottoknowotherpassengersC．hefellinlovewithaladyD．hehadasweetdream分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三、四句并聯(lián)合第一段內(nèi)容可推知，這個(gè)老人之所以這么精力充足可能是由于他戀愛(ài)了。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2．Whatchangedidtheoldmanbringtotheearlymorningbus?A．Thepassengersweresilent.B．Thebuswasfulloflife.C．Thepassengersweresleepy.D．Thebuswaspunctual.B分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文中的“wesatsleepilyonourseats”“therestofusbeingsilent”“Someofuslookedup，amazed，andmurmured‘Goodmorning’”．“wegraduallybegantonodandtalktoeachother”并聯(lián)合第三段內(nèi)容可知，老人的行為感染了車(chē)上的每個(gè)人，讓車(chē)?yán)锍錆M(mǎn)活力。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。3．Whydidn’ttheoldmanturnupforseveraldays?A．Hewasinsorrowforthelossofhisfriend.B．Hewonderedwhetherotherscaredabouthim.C．Hehadaquarrelwiththestaffofthecenter.D．Hewasn’thimselfforthecoldweather.分析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第四、五句并聯(lián)合上文的描繪可推知，是由于老人的朋友逝世了，他特別傷心，所以老人這幾日沒(méi)有搭車(chē)去老年中心。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4．Whatcanweinferfromthestory?A．Onlylovecanaffectothers’emotions.B．Theoldman’spassioninspiresothers.C．Thepassengersdidn’tcareaboutothers’feelings.D．Thecenterforseniorcitizensisagoodplaceforlove.分析：推理判斷題。本來(lái)冷淡、疏離的乘客因一位老人友善、充滿(mǎn)熱忱的行為，讓車(chē)廂不再沉寂，乘客們開(kāi)始互相溝通、開(kāi)玩笑；由此可推知，老人的熱忱激勵(lì)了別人。故B項(xiàng)正確。二、七選五。依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為剩余4選項(xiàng)。It'snicebeingnicetoothers；it'salsogreattogivepeopleahand.However，ifyoustarttohurtyourselfbydoingso，thenthisisnotsohealthy.__1__Ifyoufearthatyoumightfallintothiscategory，thefollowingtipswillhelpyoutostandupforyourselfandregainyourself-confidence.__2__Althoughyoumayoftenstaysilentifsomethingiswrongorbothersyou，itisbettertospeakyourmindrightaway.Youdon'thavetoberude，butyoudohavetobefirmanddirect.Don'tdothingsforothersifyoudon'treallywantto.Speakup,andsoonotherswillbeseeingyouinawholenewlight.Startsmall.__3__Thiswillallowyoutopracticebeingbraveandself-confident.Tellapersonwhohascutinlineinfrontofyoutomovetothebackoftheline，ortellasalespersontodothat.Beforelong，youwillbeconfidentenoughtostanduptoyourfriendsandfamilymembers.Judgewell.Whendealingwithothers，youhavetoexercisegoodjudgment.__4__Ifacolleagueisn'tdoinghispart，youshouldrightfullydemandthathestartdoingso.However，ifataxicutsyouoffintraffic，justletitgo.__5__Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.Ifyouwanttogetbackagainafterhavingbeenapushover(耳軟心活的人)，it'sbesttotakeonestepatatime.A．Expressyourself.B．Regainyourconfidence.C．Startbyspeakingupforyourselfwithstrangers.D．Everyonehastherighttolivewithoutbeingjudged.E．Ifyouslipbackintothepushovermodeeveryonceinawhile，don'tblameyourself.F．Sadly，somepeoplearesoeasilypushedaroundthattheycometobeseenaspushovers.G．It'sonethingtobeconfident，butquiteanothertoforcefullysaynotoanunreasonablerequest.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了三個(gè)防止成為一個(gè)耳軟心活的人的技巧。1．F第一，由空前的“However”一詞可知，本段第二句與第一句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；其次，由語(yǔ)境可知，空處承接上文，空后的“thiscategory”指代空地方講的狀況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)5“遺憾的是，一些人很簡(jiǎn)單被擺布，以致于被看做是耳軟心活的人”與之般配，所以選F項(xiàng)。2．A空處是本段小標(biāo)題。依據(jù)下文中的“speakyourmindrightaway”和“Speakup”可知，本段主假如說(shuō)要表達(dá)自己的看法，故A項(xiàng)與此處般配。3．C依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Startsmall可知，本段主要講的是從小事做起。依據(jù)空后的“apersonwhohascutinlineinfrontofyou”和“asalesperson”可知，表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與“strangers”相關(guān)，應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C“從同陌生人表達(dá)自己(的看法)開(kāi)始”與此處般配。4．G依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題和空前的“exercisegoodjudgment”可知，本段主要講的是正確的判斷是重要的。再依據(jù)空后兩句可知，面對(duì)兩種不一樣的狀況應(yīng)有的反響是不一樣的，判斷是一回事，實(shí)踐又是另一回事。故G項(xiàng)切合語(yǔ)境。5．E依據(jù)空后的“Romewasn'tbuiltinaday”可知，羅馬不是一日建成的即要一步一步來(lái)，所以E項(xiàng)“假如你又一次墮入了耳軟心活的模式中，不要責(zé)怪自己”與此處般配。三、短文改錯(cuò)。DearJohn，I'msopleasedtoreceiveyouremail.Ifeelexcitingtoknowyoudreambecomingaprofessionalfootballplayer.Iamlookingforwardtoseeaninternationalfootballstar，John.I'msurelyyouwillsucceed.Asforme，teachingwasmydreamjob.ThereasonforthisiswhyIwouldliketosharemyknowledgeswithmystudentsandhelpthemsolveproblems.Besides，stayingwithstudentshelpstokeepmeyoung.Torealizemydream，Ihavetodevotemetomystudyandenterannormaluniversity.Whatwillyoudoforyourdreamandwhoisyourmostfavoritefootballplayer?Yours，LiHua【答案】DearJohn，I'msopleasedtoreceiveyouremail.Ifeelexcitingtoknowyoudream∧excitedof/aboutbecomingaprofessionalfootballplayer.Iamlookingforwardtoseeanseeinginternationalfootballstar，John.I'msurelyyouwillsucceed.sureAsforme，teachingwasmydreamjob.ThereasonforthisiswhyIwouldlikeisthattosharemyknowledgeswithmystudentsandhelpthemsolveproblems.Besides，knowledge6stayingwithstudentshelpstokeepmeyoung.Torealizemydream，Ihavetodevotemetomystudyandenterannormaluniversity.myselfaWhatwillyoudoforyourdreamandwhoisyourmostfavoritefootballplayer?Yours，LiHua第一處：考察形容詞。此處修飾主語(yǔ)“I”，指人，應(yīng)用excited。第二處：考察固定搭配。dreamof/aboutdoingsth.意為“夢(mèng)想做某事”，為固定搭配。第三處：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。lookforwardtodoingsth.意為“希望做某事”，為固定用法。第四周：考察形容詞。依據(jù)“I'm”可知，動(dòng)詞be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。第五處：考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。全文用的是一般此刻時(shí)；且主語(yǔ)為“teaching”，所以應(yīng)把was改為is。第六處：考察名詞性從句。此處指引表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺成分，故用連詞that。第七處：考察名詞復(fù)數(shù)。knowledge是不行數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。第八處：考察代詞。devoteoneselftosth.意為“致力于某事”；主語(yǔ)為“I”，所以反身代詞應(yīng)用myself。第九處：考察冠詞。normal的讀音不以輔音音素開(kāi)頭；且此處泛指進(jìn)入一所一般的大學(xué)。故用不定冠詞a。第十處：考察形容詞的比較等級(jí)。favourite意為“最喜