高考英語(yǔ)詞匯、短語(yǔ)與句型一20個(gè)常考句型句型1wouldratherthatsomebodydid…”寧愿 ；更愿意 ”（表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望）wouldratherthatsomebodyhaddone…”寧愿 ；更愿意 ”（表示過(guò)去的愿望）例句］I'dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。I'dratherthatIhadn'tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天沒(méi)有看到她。句型2asif/though+主語(yǔ)+did/haddone…好像 （表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）參考句型4］例句］Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildren,soallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.Alan談起羅馬來(lái)就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。句型3"wish+賓語(yǔ)從句〃，表示不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的愿望：主語(yǔ)+haddone;表示將來(lái)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/coulddo例句］HowIwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves!我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己！Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtimeplaying!句型4It'shigh/abouttimethatsomebodydid（shoulddo）（should通常不省略）…早就例句］It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.=It'stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.It,shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。句型5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法couldhavedone〃本來(lái)可以……〃（表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能）。mighthavedone〃本來(lái)可能……;本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事〃（實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生;含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。should/oughttohavedone”本來(lái)該做某事”（而實(shí)際未做）shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone”本來(lái)不該做”（實(shí)際卻做過(guò)了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣）needn,thavedone”本來(lái)不必做”（但是已經(jīng)做過(guò)了）wouldratherhavedone”當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事"（實(shí)際沒(méi)有做過(guò)）；否定式wouldrathernothavedone表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示〃后悔〃之意。句型6as,though,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。注意］although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中二though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)］請(qǐng)注意下列句式的變化：例句］Although/ThoughI,myoung,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.fYoungas/thoughIam,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。Although/ThoughIrespecthimverymuch,Icannotagreewithhisidea.fMuchas/thoughIrespecthim,Icannotagreewithhisidea.雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點(diǎn)。Although/Thoughheisachild,heknowsalotofChinesecharacters.fChild（省略冠詞）as/thoughheis,heknowsalotofChinesecharacters.他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，卻認(rèn)識(shí)了許多漢字。Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.這次意夕卜雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒(méi)有人受傷。句型7efore…特殊用法（1）〃沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……〃2-/9例句］Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。句型8…before…特殊用法（2）〃過(guò)了多久才……〃或〃動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……〃例句］Theywalkedaboutfiftymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。Theworkersworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。句型9Itwas+時(shí)間段+before….〃過(guò)了多久才（怎么樣）……"Itwasnotlongbefore….”不久，就 ”Itwill（not）be時(shí)間段+before….”要過(guò)多久（不久） 才 "（before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài)）例句］Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。Itwasfivedaysbeforehecameback.五天后他才回來(lái)。句型10incaseof…（+n.）"以防;萬(wàn)一"；incasethat…"以防，萬(wàn)一……"（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形）例句］Incaseoffire,whatshouldwedo?PleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget.萬(wàn)一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇＞湫?1It強(qiáng)調(diào)句型3-/9強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+who（主要指人時(shí)）/that+其余部分注意1]這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（包括時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，原因等），但是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（參考句型15）。原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，用Itis…that/who….；原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用Itwas…that/who….；強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式時(shí)不要用when,where或how,必須用that。例句1]Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.fitwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）fItwasinthestreetthatIsawhimyesterdayafternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）fItwasyesterdayafternoonthatIsawhiminthestreet.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）fItwashimthat/whoIsawinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）例句2]Hedidn,tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.fItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.例句3]Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeonedoyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.fItisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.只有你快要失去某個(gè)人時(shí)，你才意識(shí)到你是多么尊重他。例句4]Iwaslateagainbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour.fItwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhourthatIwaslateagain.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，because不能換成since,as,for,nowthat等）注意2]強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問(wèn)句Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that…？特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was+it+who/that…？4-/9Whatis/wasitthat…？Whois/wasitthat…？Whenis/wasitthat…？Whereis/wasitthat…？Whyis/wasitthat…？Howis/wasitthat…？例句1]Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.fWhenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet？fWhowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterdayafternoon？fWherewasitthatyousawhimyesterdayafternoon？例句2]Idon,tknowwhenhewillcomeback.fldon,tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback.（賓語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)詞后用陳述句語(yǔ)序）-HowwasitthatyougotintouchwithMr.Smith？你是怎么和Smith先生聯(lián)系上的？-Troughafriendofmine.通過(guò)一個(gè)朋友。句型12（1）祈使句（表?xiàng)l件）+or/orelse/otherwise+主句（表結(jié)果）…"否則…，要不然…”（2）祈使句（表?xiàng)l件）+and+主句（表結(jié)果）例句]Hurryup,oryou,llbelateforclass.Thinkitoverandyouwillfindtheanswer.Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.得寸進(jìn)尺。Workhardandyouwillmakeprogresseveryday.好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。句型13…until….〃直至U 時(shí)候〃;not…until…〃直至U 才 "例句]Youaretostayuntil/tillyourmothercomesback.你得等到你媽媽回來(lái)。Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno,clock.會(huì)議推遲至U十點(diǎn)鐘。Hedidn,tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.fitwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）句型14unless…”除非，如果不 "(=if…not)例句］Ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains.如果不下雨，我明天去。-ShallTomgoandplayfootball?-Notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework.除非他完成作業(yè)，否則不能出去。Iwon,tgounlesshecomestoinvitemehimself.除非他本人來(lái)邀請(qǐng)我，不然我是不會(huì)去的。句型15when引導(dǎo)的從句when除了用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句，還有一種用法值得關(guān)注，那就是when引導(dǎo)并列分句，意思是〃這時(shí)突然;就在那時(shí)〃，強(qiáng)調(diào)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生。常用于以下句型中：(1)主語(yǔ)+bedoing…when…意思是"正在做某事這時(shí) ”；(2)主語(yǔ)+beabouttodo…when…；(3)、主語(yǔ)+beonthepointof(doing)…when…意思是〃正要去做某事這時(shí)……〃例句］IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIwasinBeijing.我想起了在北京時(shí)的那段快樂(lè)日子。Ibelievethetimewillsooncomewhentherewillbenoweaponsintheworld.我相信世界上沒(méi)有武器的日子不久就會(huì)到來(lái)。Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.我剛要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)下雨了。比較］IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor,sshop.我正在街上走，這時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthemomentIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.我在街上走。就在那時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。句型16while引導(dǎo)的從句while除了有〃當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候〃的意思外(注意：引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)6-/9詞!)，另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點(diǎn)：(1)while=although〃盡管〃、〃雖然〃，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；(2)while的意思是〃然而;可是〃，常用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)比關(guān)系。例句］WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult,Idon,tthinkthattheycan,tbesolved.盡管我承認(rèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難，但是我并不認(rèn)為無(wú)法解決。WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我也能看出他的缺點(diǎn)。句型17where…(地點(diǎn)從句)注意］where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)從句時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或是邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)它在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代地點(diǎn)時(shí)，這時(shí)可以用inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,towhich,fromwhich等結(jié)構(gòu)代替。但是它引導(dǎo)邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，沒(méi)有這樣用法。例句］Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.把書(shū)放回原處。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wheremenaregreedy,thereisneverpeace.人類(lèi)貪欲不止，世界和平無(wú)望。Gowhereyoushould,keeponstudying.無(wú)論你到哪里，你都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。That'swhereachangeisneeded.那就是需要變更的地方。Wecouldseetherunnersverywellfromwherewestood.從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。Youshouldletyourchildrenplaywhereyoucanseethem.你應(yīng)該讓小孩在你的視線所及的地方玩耍。句型18what引導(dǎo)的從句what在英語(yǔ)中非常活躍，它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，但是不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，既可以指人，也可以指物。例句］Whatisthepopulationoftheworld?世界的人口有多少？7-/9Whatdidyoupayforthispicture?這幅畫(huà)你付了多少錢(qián)？Maryisnolongerwhatshewastenyearsago.MaryE經(jīng)不是10年前的她了。句型19as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等，可以指人或物。其在定語(yǔ)從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：asweallknow;asiswellknownto…；asisoftenthecase;asissaid/mentionedabove;ashasbeensaidbefore;asItoldyoubefore;asisevident;asoftenhappens;ascanbeseen;asis/wasexpected;asweexpect;asIcanremember等。注意1]as通常只指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。注意2]as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常指〃事