研究生英語綜合教程下第1頁/共100頁2Unit3

LeisureActivity

第2頁/共100頁

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject第3頁/共100頁Task1Watchthefollowingvideocarefully

tolearnhowglobalwarmingisthreateningthetraditionalwayoflifeontheChesapeakeBay'sSmithIslandasitswaterlevelrisesanditsbluecrabstocksdwindle

andcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.StartingoutClickthepictureforvideo第4頁/共100頁SmithIsland

SmithIslandisalonelyoutpost,12milesoutinthelowerChesapeakeBay.Theshallowgrassywatersaroundtheclusterofislandsthat_________SmithIslandaresomeofthebestbluecrabhabitatintheBay.Formorethan300yearsthepeopleherehave________

nature’shardships.But,increasingly,theysensethatamore___________futureliesahead.Thewatermenarebringinginsmallercatches,andprofits______________.compriseenduredprecariousfallingdown第5頁/共100頁Thepopulationhasdroppedfrommorethan800toabout300overthelast100years,andSmithIslandis______________.MostoftheIslandisonly1footabovesealevel.Thehigherareaswherethepeoplelivearejust2-4feetabovethewater.CoastalecologistssaytheChesapeakeBayhasrisenbymorethanahalffootoverthepastcenturyand___________________________.

losingitslandcontinuestoswallowtheland第6頁/共100頁

CrumblingwoodencrabshacksandbatteredbulwarksaretestimonytotheIsland’s____________tothesea.TohelptheIslanders’beatbackthebay,thearmycallofengineerslaunchedaplanto_______newbulkheadsandstonebreakwatersaroundTanleten,partofamulti-million-dollarplanto_______________

__________________________________.vulnerabilityinstall

persuadepeopletostayslowerosionand第7頁/共100頁

_________________________________________

__________“Ifahurricanecategory4comesupandactuallyhitsthisIsland,Ithinkitcouldbeflattened.Itprobablyisthecasethatoverthenextcenturyif_______________________________________,weprobablywillhaveafewhigherspots,butnotmuchmore.”Mostpeoplehopethattheneweffortstostemerosioncanatleastdelaytheinevitablesothatoneortwomoregenerationscan____________hereattheedgeofthesea.Despitethisproject,SmithIslandmayberunningoutoftime.

wecan'tgetcontrolofthegreenhousegasesmakealiving第8頁/共100頁Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions:1.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?2.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?3.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

Startingout—Task2第9頁/共100頁Usefulwordsandexpressions:interrelated/inseparable/interdependent/interactiveprotect/benefit/hamonydestruct/disaster/takerevengeon

globalwarming/greenhouseeffectearthquake/flood/sandstormStartingout—Task21.What’stherelationshipbetweenmanandnature?第10頁/共100頁2.Manyspeciesofwildlifearereportedtohavebecomeextinctortobeonthevergeofextinction.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthisproblem?Sample:—PhysicalAlterationofHabitat—CommercialHuntingandHarvesting—TheIntroductionofForeignSpecies—PestandPredatorControl

第11頁/共100頁—TheCollectionofAnimalsandPlantsforHumanEnjoyment,Research,andOtherpurposes—Pollution—BiologicalFactorsthatContributetoExtinction—TheLossofKeystoneSpecies—AMultiplicityofFactors

Manyfactorsactingtogethercontributetothelossofbiodiversity.Thesefactorsmaysynergizetoproducealevelofdevastationfargreaterthananticipated.第12頁/共100頁Open-ended.Startingout—Task23.Inyouropinion,whatmeasuresshouldbetakentopreservethebiodiversityofwildlife?

第13頁/共100頁ThinkingLikeaMountainReadingFocus第14頁/共100頁

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1第15頁/共100頁Abouttheauthor:AldoLeopold

(1887–1948)iswidelyacknowledgedastheinitiatorofmodernwildlife

conservationintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformation第16頁/共100頁HewasaprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsinandisbestknownforhisbookASandCountyAlmanac

《沙郡年記》,

fromwhichthistextisextracted,andsoldoveramillioncopies.TheessaysarestoriesofLeopold’sobservationsof

naturearoundhim,thepassingofseasons,andofwildlife,basedonthebeliefthateveryliving

thinghasanicheintheecosystem.第17頁/共100頁ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding(Paras.1-4)PartI(Paras1-3)Everylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl.PartII(Paras4-6)Theauthor'sexperienceofkillingawolf.PartIII(Paras7-9)Thechainconsequenceofkillingwolfsandcows.PartIV(Para10)Thelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumans.第18頁/共100頁PartIEverylivingthingpaysheedtothewolf’sbawl

A.Differentinterpretationsofthemeaningofthewolfcall.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandinga.Tothedeer,itisareminderofthewayofallflesh.b.Tothepine,aforecastofmidnightscufflesandofblooduponthesnow.c.Tothecoyote,apromiseofgleaningstocome.d.Tothecowman,athreatofredinkatthebank.e.Tothehunter,achallengeoffangagainstbullet.f.Tothemountain,itisasignofpossibledanger.Supportingevidence:

第19頁/共100頁a.Thesoundofwolvesbynight.b.Thesightofwolftracksbyday.c.Themidnightwhinnyofapackhorse.d.Therattleofrollingrocks.e.Theboundofafleeingdeer.f.Thewayshadowslieunderthespruces.B.Tracesofwolves’existence.Supportingevidence:

第20頁/共100頁PartIITheauthor’s

experienceofkillinga

wolfReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingA.Whendidtheauthorseethewolves?B.Howdidtheauthorkillthewolves?C.Whydidtheauthorkillthewolves?Whenheandhisfellowswereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Theyshotatthewolveswiththeirrifles.Theyshotatthewolvesfortworeasons:Firstly,sincetheauthorwasyoungandtriggerhappy,hewassoexcitedtobeabletoshootananimal;secondly,hethoughtfewerwolvesmeansmoredeer,whichmeanshunters'paradise.第21頁/共100頁a.Fewerwolvesleadtomoredeer.b.Moredeerleadtofewerbushes,seedlings,trees,andinternalkilling.c.Fewerbushes,seedlingsandtreesleadtodamageoftheaffectedrangeandanaturaldisasterforhumanlife.ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingPartIIIThechain

consequenceofkillingwolfsandcowsArguments:第22頁/共100頁Conclusion:

Toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun.PartIVThelong-termrelationshipbetweennatureandhumanReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstanding第23頁/共100頁Task2Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage.(P228)Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10TFFFTFFTTTReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformation第24頁/共100頁CriticalThinkingReadingFocus第25頁/共100頁Worktogetherwithyourpartnertoanswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyou’vejustread.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Inthetext,theauthordeclares:“Onlythemountainhaslivedlongenoughtolisten

objectivelytothehowlofawolf.”

Whatdoesthemountainthinkofthehowlofa

wolf?Whydoestheauthorthinkonlythemountaincanlistenobjectivelytothehowl?第26頁/共100頁2.Theauthorsaysinthelastparagraph,“toomuchsafetyseemstoyieldonlydangerinthelongrun”—canyoufindanequivalentChinesesaying?Doyouagreewith

thisopinion?Ifyouagree,supplyexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Ifyoudon’t,

explainthereasons.AnequivalentChinesesaying“生于憂患，死于安樂”.第27頁/共100頁Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Whyshouldwepreservebiodiversity?Whatbenefitscanitbringabouttohuman

beings?2.Doyouthinkitpossibletostrikeabalancebetweenecologicalsustainabilityand

thedevelopmentalneedsofpeople?第28頁/共100頁Itisanoutburstofwilddefiantsorrow,andof

contemptforalltheadversitiesoftheworld.(Para.1)outburst;burst;outbreakA.

Therehasbeenanotherangry_________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps_______intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)_________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

outburstburstingoutbreak第29頁/共100頁defiant

adj.refusingtodowhatisaskedbecauseonedoesnotagree公然違抗的;反抗的;挑釁的

e.g.

________________________,theysangarevolutionarysongastheywereledawaytoprison.

他們被帶走投入監(jiān)獄時,仍以最后的反抗姿態(tài)唱起了一支革命歌曲。Withalastdefiantgesture第30頁/共100頁2.Everylivingthing(andperhapsmanyadeadoneaswell)paysheedtothatcall.(Para.2)payheedto:topayattentiontosth.,especiallysth.someonesays,andseriouslyconsiderit注意某事；慎重考慮某事e.g.Agoodleadershouldalwayspayheedtothe

voiceofthemasses.

一位好領導應該經常注意傾聽群眾的呼聲。

翻譯：大山中所有的生物（可能也包括許多死去的生物）都側耳傾聽這聲號叫。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第31頁/共100頁3.Thoseunabletodecipherthehiddenmeaningknowneverthelessthatitisthere,foritisfeltinallwolfcountry,anddistinguishesthatcountryfromallotherland.(Para.3)

decipherv.tofindthemeaningof

somethingthatisdifficulttoreadorunderstand辨認；解釋；破譯(密碼)e.g.有誰能辨認他的字跡嗎？Cananyonedecipherhishandwriting?

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第32頁/共100頁4.Wewereeatinglunchonahighrimrock,atthefootofwhichaturbulentriverelboweditsway.(Para.4)

Personification(擬人)isusedtoshowhowtheriverflowedandturnedroundsofast,asifitwereapersonstrugglingforawayforward.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第33頁/共100頁5.Wesawwhatwethoughtwasadoefordingthetorrent,herbreastawashinwhitewater.(Para.4)

awash:adj.

coveredwithwateror

anotherliquid

被水或其他液體漫過的be~with

Thiscity______________drugs.這座城市毒品泛濫。ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

isawashwith

第34頁/共100頁6.Inthosedayswehadneverheardofpassingupachancetokillawolf.(Para.5)

passup:togiveup,refuse放過，放棄，拒絕e.g.Neverpassupachancetolearn.

永遠不要放棄學習的機會。Paraphrase:Inthosedayswewouldsurelykillawolfaslongaswefindone.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第35頁/共100頁SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.Ihavewatchedthefaceofmanyanewlywolflessmountain,andseenthesouth-facingslopeswrinklewithamazeofnewdeertrails.Ihaveseeneveryediblebushandseedlingbrowsed,firsttoanemicdesuetude,andthentodeath.Ihaveseeneveryedibletreedefoliatedtotheheightofasaddlehorn.

(Para.7)

Parallelstructureisusedheretoemphasizetheseriouschainconsequenceofwolfkilling.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第36頁/共100頁8.SincethenIhavelivedtoseestateafterstateextirpateitswolves.(Para.8)

extirpate

(v.)

tocompletelydestroy

somethingthatisunpleasantorunwanted消滅，根除

e.g.Thefarmersextirpatedweedsfromthefield.農民們除去了田中的野草。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第37頁/共100頁9.Inwildnessisthesalvationoftheworld.(Para.9)

Thissentenceisputininvertedorder.Paraphrase:Youcanlearnhowtosavetheworldinthewayhowthenaturegoes.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

第38頁/共100頁Key1-2-3-4-5-

6-7-8-9-10

Task1Choosetheanswerclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.

(P230)BDABADDAReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

AC第39頁/共100頁Task21.outburst

burst

outbreakA.Therehasbeen

anotherangry__________againstthenewlocaltaxintroducedtoday.B.Terrikeeps___________intotearsfornoreason.C.A(n)__________offoodpoisoningledtothedeathsoffivepeople.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromeachgroup.Changetheformifnecessary.Somewordsmaybeusedmorethanonce.(P231)outburstburstingReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outbreak第40頁/共100頁2.adversity

adverse

adviseA.Despitethe___________conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.B.Theycontinuetofightinthefaceof___________.C.Itwashisdoctorwho_________thathechangehisjob.3.distinguish

distinguished

distinctA.Thereissomethingaboutmusicthat_____________itfromallotherartforms.B.NowthatTonywasnolongerpresent,therewasa__________changeinherattitude.C.Hisgrandfatherhadbeena_______________professorattheUniversity.adversedistinguishesdistinguisheddistinctReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

adversityadvised第41頁/共100頁4.sight

view

outlook

visionA.Iusemysenseofsoundmuchmorethanmysenseof__________.B.Doyouhavea(n)_______aboutwhatweshoulddonow?C.The_________oftheeconomyisstilluncertain.D.Maybeyouhad__________ofbeingsurroundedbyhappy,smilingchildren.5.implicit

underlying

impliedA.Hehasa(n)_________beliefinthegoodnessofpeople.B.Ifeelthereissome_________________criticismaboutthegiftyouhavechosen.C.Topreventaproblemyouhavetounderstandits____________causes.

sight/vision

viewimplicitReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

outlook

visions

implicit/impliedunderlying第42頁/共100頁6.awash

wash

washingA.Youaregoingtohaveyourdinner,get________,andgotobed.B.Theroadswere_________withmudandrainwater.C.Mymotheralwaysdidthe___________onMondays.7.spring

jump

leapA.He_______________tohisfeet,andgrabbedhiskeysoffthecoffeetable.B.Tothenortharethehot__________ofBanyasdeSantLoan.C.Thinktwicebeforeyou_________.D.Thenumberofcrimes__________by10%lastyear.washedsprang/jumped

springsReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

awashwashingleapjumped第43頁/共100頁8.track

trail

trace(n.&v.)A.Helefta________ofmuddyfootprints.B.Hewasfollowingabroad____________throughthetrees.C.Ican’t__________thefileyouwantondiskC.D.Aftergraduationwefinditdifficulttokeep________ofouroldfriends.E.Theintruderswerecarefulnottoleaveany______behindthem.trailtrack

traceReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

trail/tracktrace第44頁/共100頁9.sense(n.&v.)

sensible

sensational

sensitiveA.Sheprobably____________thatIwasn’ttellingherthewholestory.B.Thisseemstobea____________wayofdealingwiththeproblem.C.Winninganawardwouldgivemeagreat_____________ofachievement.D.Caroltakeshisworkseriouslyandis_____________tocriticism.E.Expertsagreedthatitwasatruly_____________performance.sensedsensitive

sensationalReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

sensiblesense第45頁/共100頁10.prosperity

prospect

prosperous

prophecyA.Witheconomicexpansioncomesthepromiseofamore____________future.B.Wehopethatthe21stcenturybringspeace,happinessand_____________,withuslearningto

respectourdifferencesratherthanfightaboutthem.C.The_____________foremploymentinthe

technologysectorareespeciallygoodrightnow.D.His___________sperousprophecy

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

prosperity

prospects第46頁/共100頁Task3Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.(P232)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Awolfgivesoutadeepchestybawlinthevalleyonenight.It1)________fromrimockto

rimrock.Everylivingthing2)_____________thecall.Althoughithasdifferent3)________meanings

todifferentanimals,itisonlythemountainsthatcanlisten4)___________tothecall,becauseithas

livedlongenough.Thosewhocan’t5)__________thehiddenmeaningofthehowlcanstillsense

thewolves’6)________throughtheirtracks,sightsorsounds.Whateverthefactis,Ibelievethat

themountainshaveasecretopinionaboutthewolves.echoespays

heed

tohidden

objectivelydecipherpresence第47頁/共100頁

This7)_________onthisscoredatesfromthedaywhenIwitnessedawolfdie.Wethought

wesawadoewhenwewereeatinglunchonahighrimrock.Whenwerealizedthatitwasawolf

andtherewerestillahalfdozenothers,we8)_______atthemoutofexcitementandtriggeritch.Atthattime,IthoughtIhelpedthehunters,9)________,whenIsawthegreenfiredieinthe

wolf’seyes,IfoundImightbewrong.convictionshothowever第48頁/共100頁

Sinethen,Ihaveseenthe10)________ofwolvesstateafterstate,whicheventuallyleadto

nearly11)______mountains.Thesameistruetocowmenwhohaveto12)____theherdtofittherange.Allcreaturesinthevalley13)_______________eachother,andtheyshouldbekeptin

balance.Ifonelinkbreaksdown,itmightcausedramaticchangetoothers.Weall14)_______forsafety,prosperity,comfort,longlife,anddullness,buttoomuchsafetyseemsto15)______onlydangerinthelongrun.

slaughterbaretrim

are

connected

tostriveyield第49頁/共100頁TheSeaandtheWindThatBlowsReadingMore第50頁/共100頁ReadingMore

DetailedInformation

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

第51頁/共100頁Task1

Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P237)Key:2)3)4)5)6)7)8)DBBDACDDReadingMore—DetailedInformation第52頁/共100頁CriticalThinkingReadingMore第53頁/共100頁StepOneWorktogetherwithyourpartnerto

answerthefollowingquestionsbased

onthetextyou’vejustread.1.“Later,IfoundthatwhatIhadfearedandhated,I

nowfearand

love.”

Haveyouhadthiskindof

experience?Whatleadstosuch

dramaticchange?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking2.Accordingtotheauthor,“Iamtorn

betweenpastandpresent,acommon

diseaseoflaterlife”

—doyouthink

manyolderpeopletendtohave

thiskindofproblem?Whywas

theauthortornbetweenpastand

present?第54頁/共100頁StepTwo:

Discussingroupsthefollowingquestion.

Whatistherelationshipbetweenhumanandnature?

Howdotheyinteractwitheachother?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking第55頁/共100頁1.Ifithappenstobeanauxiliary

cruisingboat,itiswithoutquestionthemostcompactandingeniousarrangementfor

livingeverdevisedbytherestlessmindofman...(Para.1)

happento:usedtotellsbsth,especiallywhenyouaredisagreeingwiththemorannoyedbywhattheyhavesaid

e.g.

Thathappenstobemymotheryouare

talkingabout!occurtosb:tocomeintoyourmind

e.g.

Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第56頁/共100頁withoutquestion:withoutdoubt,definitelyoutofthequestion:impossibleornotallowedandthereforenotworthdiscussion翻譯：如果它恰好是一艘?guī)Х臋C動游艇，那它無疑是人類活躍不止的大腦所能構想出的最小巧最精致的生活設施。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第57頁/共100頁2.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

"TheHome"referstothehomeinthetraditionalconceptwhichisstuffedwithallthenecessatiesfordailylife.

compress:

topresssomethingormakeitsmallersothatittakesuplessspace,ortobecomesmaller:e.g.Herlipscompressedintoathinline.她的雙唇抿成了一條縫。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第58頁/共100頁compress,impress,express1.Themainargumentswere__________intoonechapter.2.He____________herwithhissincerity.3.He___________pressedexpressedimpresses第59頁/共100頁suspend:1)(besuspendedinsth)(technical術語)tofloatinliquidorairwithoutmoving

e.g.

Smalldropletsareheldsuspendedinthe

amosphere.小水珠懸浮在大氣中。2）~sth/sb(fromsth)tohangsthfromsthelse

e.g.

一盞吊燈選在天花板上。

Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.3)active,used,etc.fore.g.在進行安全檢查期間生產暫時停止。Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.第60頁/共100頁翻譯：在這里，家中散亂龐雜的全套配備都被收進了井然有序的微小模型和流動的夢幻之中，懸浮在海底與天穹之間，準備著在清晨借著帆的奇跡和繩的魔法啟航。2.Here

thesprawlingpanoplyofTheHomeiscompressedinorderlyminiatureandliquid

delirium,suspendedbetweenthebottomoftheseaandthetopofthesky,readyto

moveoninthemorningbythemiracleofcanvasandthewitchcraftofrope.(Para.2)

第61頁/共100頁3.Alongwithmydreamofboatshasgonetheownershipofboats,alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea,manyof

themmakeshiftandcrank.(Para.3)

succession1)anumberofpeopleorthingsthatfolloweachotherintimeororder;aseries

e.g.

asuccessionofevents/problems/visitors

2)theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitle

e.g.

HebecamechairmaninsuccessiontoBernardAllen.他接替伯納德艾倫任主席。ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第62頁/共100頁“alongsuccessionofthemuponthesurfaceofthesea”是“boat”的同位語?！皍ponthesurfaceofthesea”

meanstheseboatsarejustfortemporaryuse.翻譯：伴隨著我的帆船夢，我擁有過一艘又一艘的海船。其中有不少只是臨時的替代品，比較容易傾覆。

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第63頁/共100頁4.Itjigglesme

up,thewinddoes,andwhatIreallylovearewindlessdays,whenallispeace.(Para.3)

jiggle:tomoveormakesomethingmovefromsidetosidewithshortquick

movementse.g.他站在那兒，手里轉動著汽車鑰匙。Hestoodjigglinghiscarkeysinhishand.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第64頁/共100頁5.Thisisanintellectualresponse—theoldyearningisstillinme,belongingtothepast,toyouth,andsoIamtornbetweenpastandpresent…

(Para.4)

Paraphrase:Itisveryrationaltothinkthisway:Ifeelmiserableaboutthecontradictionbetweenmylongingtosailandfearofthewind,whichisnecessaryforsailing,andcannotmakeanydecision.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第65頁/共100頁6.Therewillliethesloop,therewillblowthewind,oncemoreIwillgetunderway.(Para.6)

getunderway:starthappeninge.g.我要等到比賽正式開始。I’llwaittillthecampaigngetsunderway

properly.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第66頁/共100頁7.Andwiththetillerinmyhand,I’ll

feelagainthewindimpartinglifetoaboat,willsmellagain

theoldmenace,theonethatimpartslifetome:(Para.6)

impart:~sth(tosb)topassinformation,knowlege,etc.tootherpeople

toimpartfacts/news/skills披露事實，消息，傳授技藝

Shehadinformationthatshecouldn'twaittoimpart.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

第67頁/共100頁TaskKeys:1.A.promise(n.)B.promised(v.)C.promise(n.)2.A.succeeded(v.)B.succession(n.)C.succeed(v.)3.A.compact(adj.)B.compact(adj)C.compactness(n.)4.A.stable(adj.)B.stable(n.)C.stability(n.)5.A.nerves(n.)B.nerved(v.)C.nerve(n.)Fillineachblankwithanappropriateformofthewordgiven,andidentifyitsmeaning.(P240)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

第68頁/共100頁6.A.encounter(v.)B.encounter(n.)C.encounter(n.)7.A.repelled(v.)B.repellent(adj.)C.repelled(adj.)8.A.compulsive(adj.)B.compulsion(n.)

C.compulsory(adj.)9.A.alcoholic(n.)B.alcohol(n.)C.alcoholic(adj.)10.A.instruction(n.)B.instructing(adj.)

C.instructions(n.)第69頁/共100頁Key1-

2-

3-

4-

Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichoftheitalicizedwordsfitseachofthesentencesbest.

(P241)obsessed

stationarycluerestlessReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Task25-6-

7-

8-

9-10-intellectualcompressedraisingremovedsuccessiondispel第70頁/共100頁PracticalTranslation第71頁/共100頁

科技英語是用來陳述自然界、科技界所發(fā)生或出現的事情，描述其規(guī)律、特點、過程等的語言，多采用客觀性的描述方式，要求概念準確、判斷嚴密、推理周密、結構嚴謹。它在詞法、語法、句法和修辭角度上都體現出自己的特點:科技英語的翻譯第72頁/共100頁在詞法上，科技英語強調語言的簡練和專業(yè)性，大量使用復合詞、縮略語和屬于某一專業(yè)領域的專業(yè)化詞匯。1)Spacetechnologyshouldbecombinedwithcivilianlifetodevelopvarioushigh-tech

products.譯文：要將航天技術與民用生活相結合，開發(fā)出多種高科技含量的產品。2)DNAhasadoublehelixstructure,whichwasdiscoveredbyFrancisCrickandJames

WatsonintheCavendishlabatCambridgein1953.譯文：DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）的雙螺旋結構是由弗朗西斯·

克里克和詹姆斯·

沃森于1953年在劍橋的卡文迪許實驗室里發(fā)現的。第73頁/共100頁解析：例1)中，原語為了語言的簡練，high-technological縮略成了high-tech。在目標語中，為了強調客觀事實，原文的被動句譯成了漢語的無主句，符合漢語的句式特點。例2)中，DNA是專業(yè)詞匯，lab是laboratory的縮略語，為了讓目標讀者看懂，在譯文中，DNA要譯出完整的意思，而且被動句譯成了漢語的主動句，使行文更流暢。第74頁/共100頁2.從語法方面看，名詞化結構（nominalization）、一般現在時和被動語態(tài)用得較多；使用名詞化結構和一般現在時是因為科技文體要求行文簡潔、表達客觀、內容確切、信息量大，強調已存在的事實，而非某一行為。運用被動語態(tài)是因為科技文章側重敘事推理，強調客觀準確性。第一、二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象，因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)。第75頁/共100頁3)Thegreatestsourceofworryatthemomentisthedisposalofradioactivewastes.Untilnow