PAGE4PAGE3動(dòng)詞不定式:to+do(高二2016.2)動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”組成，是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)。1.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的語法功能：(1)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作主語Toloveistobeloved.愛別人就是被人愛。Toteachistogive.教書就是奉獻(xiàn)。*todo和v-ing作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別:Smokingisabadhabit.(v-ing作主語表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)Tostayhomeonsuchacoldnightiscomfortable.(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示偶然性或一次性的動(dòng)作)

*不定式作主語和目的狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如：Togetupearlydoesgoodtoone’shealth.早起對(duì)身體有好處。（作主語）Togetupearly,onemustgotobedearly.為了早起，必須早睡。（作目的狀語）(2)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作賓語Iwillleaveittoyoutomakethefinaldecision.我將由你來做最后的決定。(it作形式賓語)Shedecidedtoquitherjobatlast.最后，她決定辭職。*"疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式短語"作賓語：

Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么辦。Thechildrenarelearninghowtoplaythegame.孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)做游戲。例如（NMET2000）：I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects(答案:B)(whattoexpect在句中作know的賓語，而what作不定式toexpect的邏輯賓語。)（四川09）Hetolduswhether_______apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had(答案:A)又如：ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit答案是C。whattodowithit作knows的賓語。*注意:有些動(dòng)詞后面必須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，平時(shí)要注意區(qū)別，進(jìn)行區(qū)分。*forget,remember,try,regret,mean,stop等動(dòng)詞后既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞，須根據(jù)其習(xí)慣用法和語境進(jìn)行取舍。例如（MET91）：—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot____.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案是C。forgettodo意為“忘了做（某事）”，forgetdoing“忘了做過（某事）”；remember有類似的區(qū)別。類似的還有：trytodo“盡力做”，trydoing“試著做”；regrettosay/tell“很遺憾地說”，regretdoing“后悔做了……”；meantodo“意欲/想要做”，meandoing“意味著做”；stoptodo“停下來做另外的事情”，stopdoing“停止正在做的事情”。

(3)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語

ThemostimportantthingfortheUnitedStatestodonowistorescuethewounded.現(xiàn)在，對(duì)美國(guó)來說，最重要的是搶救傷員。

*注意：在“形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作表語、賓補(bǔ)和定語時(shí)，其中形容詞多為表示性質(zhì)的詞，如：easy,hard,good,difficult,interesting等,常常是主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。例如：

Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.這些蘋果很好吃。（作表語）

Ifinditdifficulttounderstand.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這很難懂。（作賓補(bǔ)）

Heisamaneasytogetonwith.他是一個(gè)容易相處的人。(作定語)Theboxislightenoughtocarry.這盒子輕得可帶走。（作表語）Thefutureishardtotell.未來很難預(yù)測(cè)。（作表語）*注意：Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主語部分有個(gè)表示不定式內(nèi)容的do,用作表語的不定式可省略to。又如：Wehadnothingtodobut_______(watch)TVyesterday.(答案:watch)Wedidnothingbut________(watch)TVyesterday.(答案:watch)(4)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Sheaskedmetostayhere.Sheencouragedmetoworkhard.

We'dloveyoutogiveusahand.我們想讓你幫個(gè)忙。注意：

1)在一些動(dòng)詞后，用作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要省略掉。這類動(dòng)詞包括感官動(dòng)詞以及使役動(dòng)詞，如feel,spot,lookat,listento,observe,see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let,get等。但如果句子為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）為主補(bǔ)時(shí)，要帶to。IhadJohnfixmybike.我讓約翰修理我的自行車。Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade___________.Healwaysworkshard.(答案:B)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning辨析：Iheardhersingasonginthenextroomyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽歌的整個(gè)過程)（=Shewasheardtosingasonginthenextroomyesterday.）IheardhersinningasongwhenIpassedby.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生)(=ShewasheardsingingasongwhenIpassedby.)*see,hear,notice等的賓語后還可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)仍保留分詞的形式，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(答案：A)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

(5)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作定語：動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作定語需后置。*動(dòng)詞不定式作定語與分詞作定語的區(qū)別:過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生當(dāng)中，而不定式則表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。辨析:Themeetingheldisimportant.(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)Themeetingbeingheldisimportant.(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中)Themeetingtobeheldisimportant.(表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生)

成式常用在besaid,bereported,beconsidered,appear,hope,pretend,seem等以及某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，表示對(duì)過去事情的推斷或虛擬假設(shè)，例如（NMET97）：Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone答案是B，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬愿望。Hewassaidtohavestudiedabroadforyears.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)在外國(guó)留學(xué)多年了。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉讓你久等了。

Hepretendednottohaveseenmewhenpassingbyyesterday.他昨天從我身邊經(jīng)過時(shí)假裝沒看到我。語態(tài)▲不定式的被動(dòng)式:tobedone如：Heaskedtobesenttothefront.(他請(qǐng)求被派往前線。)Iwishtobeexcused.我請(qǐng)求原諒。

Thisinfectiousdiseaseissaidtohavebeenwipedoutmanyyearsago.這傳染病據(jù)說好多年前就已經(jīng)滅絕了。Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen答案是B。因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ降倪壿嬛髡Zit（指出國(guó)旅游這件事）與不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。LittleTomwouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET’92）A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking(答案A)It’simportantforthefigures_______regularly.（北京2011）A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated(答案:A)Heclaimed（聲稱）____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated根據(jù)題意，該用不定式的完成被動(dòng)式，表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在claimed之前，故答案是D。***值得注意的是，在下列場(chǎng)合通常用不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義：▲主語+be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式

當(dāng)作表語的某些形容詞被動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式與句子主語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式可以用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。(閱P1)

Thisproblemisdifficulttosolve.這個(gè)問題很難解決。▲there+be句型中,動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)式來表示被動(dòng)的含義。

Therearealotofpeople(forme)tovisit.Thereisnotimetolose.沒有時(shí)間可以耽誤?！癶ave+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式（作定語）”結(jié)構(gòu)中

當(dāng)have表示"有"，而動(dòng)詞不定式與賓語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，并且句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式一般用主動(dòng)式。

Ihavealotofmeetingstoattendthisweek.本周我有許多會(huì)議要參加?！凇皌oo…to”,“…enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式總是用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。

Thisproblemistooeasytodealwith.這個(gè)問題處理起來很簡(jiǎn)單。Thisproblemiseasyenoughtodealwith.這個(gè)問題處理起來很簡(jiǎn)單。鞏固練習(xí)Heissaidto____tohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomesintopower.A.beallowedtoreturnB.allowtoreturnC.allowreturningD.beallowedreturningHespokeinsuchahighvoice____atthefurtherendoftheroom.A.astobeheardB.tobeheardC.astohearD.tohearWhywastheofficialmeetingcalled?____newofficers.A.SelectB.SelectingC.ToselectD.Tohaveselect4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake5.Toplayfairisasimportantas____.A.toplaywellB.playwellC.weplaywellD.playingwell6.WhereshouldIsendmyform?ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace_______.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosentD.tosentit7.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone8.Theboywanttoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto9.Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?No,butsometimes,IwishI____.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetime10.I’lldowhateverIcan____myEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving11.Couldyoutellmethewayyou’vethoughtof___?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoit12.Hewasoftenlistened____inthenextroom.A.singB.sungC.tosingD.tosinging13.Wouldyoube____shutthewindow?It’ssocold.A.enoughkindtoB.kindenoughnottoC.kindenoughtoD.sokindenoughasto14.Don’ttakethemedicine,itcan’thelp__ridofyourcold.A.gettingB.togetC.togettingD.gets15.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot__.A.worryaboutB.toworryC.tobeworriedD.toworryabout16.Everyminutesismadefull___of___ourlessons.A.touse,studyB.use,studyingC.useful,tostudyD.use,tostudy17.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone18.Youshouldn’tallow____gamesneartheclassroom,forit’stoonoisy.A.studentplayingB.playC.studentstoplayD.toplay19.Thewaiterwasmade__totheguest.A.apologizeB.apologizingC.toapologizeD.tobeapologizing20.Whomwouldyourather__thework?A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo21.Ihadmeant_____onyou,butIwassobusy.A.callB.tocallC.callingD.becalling22.Doyouoftenhavesomeone____yourclothes?Yes,Ioftenhavethem____.wash,towashB.towash,washedC.washed,washD.wash,washed23.Sheactuallyheardaboutit,buthepretended__.A.tohearnotB.nothearingC.tonothearD.notto24.AllIwantis____treatedasachildbytheteachersandparents.A.notbeB.beingc.nottobeD.tobenot25.Thelastman__thedisappointingnewswasthepatient’ssickfather.A.knewB.knowsC.toknowD.knowing26.Whydidheletyourepeathisinstructiontimeandtimeover?___thatIrememberwhatwas__afterhewentout.A.Tomakesure,todoB.Makingsure,tobedoneC.Toseeto(注意,留意,關(guān)照)it,tobedoneD.Seeingto,done27.Piecesofbambooorwood____booksbetween2ndand5thcenturyAD.A.usedtoformedB.usedtoformC.wereusedtoformD.usedtobeforming28..Amiddle-agedwomancame_______tothebusstoponly______thebushadgone.A.torun,findingB.running,tofindC.andran,foundD.running,find29.Smithappears______alongtime.Heisimpatientformyarrival.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.tohavewaitedD.tohavebeenwaiting30.Ourprofessorhasjustcomebackfromaboard.Heseems______histripverymuch.A.toenjoyB.tohaveenjoyedC.tobeenjoyingD.tohavebeenenjoying31.WhyhasJacknotcomeyetnow?Anythingwrongwithhim?Hedidn’tpassthetestbuthestill_______.A.hopessoB.hopesthatC.hopestoD.hopesit32.Thehouses_______arefortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt33.Thelastperson_____thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.leftB.leaveC.toleaveD.tobeleaving34.Whywashefined?Hehappenedto_____severalflowersinthepark.A.beseenpickB.beseenpickingC.becaughttopickD.catchpicking35.Itisimpossibleforanyone_____thesephotographsbefore,becauseMr.Newmanhadthemdevelopedtoday.A.havingseenB.tohaveseenC.toseeD.seeing1-5AACBA6-10BAAAB11-15ACCBD16-20DBCCD21-25BDDCC26-30ACBDB31-35CBCBB完成句子1能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@發(fā)言是我的榮幸。(it)Ifeel____________________________________________________________.2他別無選擇，只能夠耐心地等待。(do)He_____________________________________________.3他是這工作的唯一人選。(only)Heistheonlyperson______________________________.4有很多事情要談。(talk)Therearemanythings____________________________.5你認(rèn)為他容易相處嗎?Doyouthinkhim_________________________________________?6他總是第一個(gè)來，最后一個(gè)走。Heisalways__________________________________________________________.7他急急忙忙趕到售票處，卻被告知票已經(jīng)被賣光了。(tell)Hehurriedtotheticketoffice,_____________________________________________________.8我希望我爸爸能像我媽媽那樣容易哄。(please)Iwishedthatmyfatherwasaseasy________________________asmymother.9我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成這樣的習(xí)慣:把不用的電器關(guān)掉。(it;rule)Weshould_____________