一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxidethatisdamagingourplanetandtransformitintosomethingsolid,makingitmucheasiertostore.

Carboncaptureisn'tnew,butpreviousmethodscallforthegastobecompressedintoliquidandtheninjectedunderground.Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.Instead,inastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,thegroupdetailstheirsustainableandcost-effectiveplanfortransformingCO2intocoal.

Thisnewprocessinvolvesaliquidmetalcatalyst(催化劑)thatisefficientinconductingelectricity.CO2gasisdissolvedinacontainerwithsomeliquid.Onceelectricitychargeisintroduced,theCO2beginstoturnintosolidpiecesofcarbon,whichcanbecollectedandstored.

Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.Previousexperimentshaveonlyshownagastosolidconversionatextremelyhightemperature,whichmadeitimpossibleonalargescale.Now,theresearchersarehopingthattheirworkwillbeusedtocreateevenfurtherwhenitcomestocarbonstorage.

Inaninterestingsidebenefit,thesolidcarbonalsoworksasanelectrode(焊條),whichopensupaworldofpossibilities."Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasuperbattery,soitcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles,"explainsDr.DornaEstrafilzadeh,aresearcher."Theprocessalsoproducesfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications."（1）Whatcanweknowaboutthepreviouscarboncapturemethods?A.

Peoplehavetoinjectliquidtothegas.B.

Thepreviousmethodscanbedoneeasily.C.

Thepreviousmethodsarenotverypopular.D.

Peoplehavewidelyacceptedpreviousmethods.（2）Whatisthespecialpartofthenewmethod?A.

Itneedselectricitytomaketheprocessefficient.B.

Itcanbedoneinanykindofcontainer.C.

Itdoesn'tneedextremetemperature.D.

Itcanproducemuchsolidcarbon.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

Themethodwillmakefossiloildisappear.B.

Themethodwillinfluencethefutureindustry.C.

Themethodwillmakedevelopedcountriesmorepowerful.D.

Themethodwillbeusedtomakenewvehicles.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

HowtochangecarbonintoCO2.B.

Anewcarboncapturetechnology.C.

Anewtechnologytogetusefulcarbon.D.

Australiamakestheworldcleanerthanbefore.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種新的碳捕獲技術(shù)的原理，優(yōu)點(diǎn)和對(duì)未來(lái)工業(yè)的影響。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.”可知之前技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用受到了經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境方面的限制。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.”可知新技術(shù)獨(dú)特的地方是整個(gè)過(guò)程可以在室溫條件下進(jìn)行。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“whichopensupaworldofpossibilities；itcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles和whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications”可知這種技術(shù)的產(chǎn)物開辟了很多新的可能，可以被變成超級(jí)電池為未來(lái)車輛供能，過(guò)程中的副產(chǎn)品可以作為燃料應(yīng)用到工業(yè)中，由此推測(cè)該技術(shù)會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxide”和下文講述的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一種新的碳捕獲方法的原理和優(yōu)點(diǎn)及其影響。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."

Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潛力)intermsofheight.

Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?A.

Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.B.

Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.C.

Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.D.

Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?A.

Theyenjoyaneasierlife.

B.

Theytendtolivelonger.C.

Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.

D.

Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?A.

Sloweddown.

B.

Goneupwards.

C.

Changedtothecontrary.

D.

Cometolifeagain.（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?A.

Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.B.

Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.C.

Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.D.

Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，全球研究調(diào)查了上個(gè)世紀(jì)人們平均身高增長(zhǎng)了的結(jié)論。全球身高增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)有著重要的影響。我們現(xiàn)在的身高很大程度上受到我們成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的影響。如果我們現(xiàn)在給孩子們最好的人生開端，他們?cè)谖磥?lái)幾十年里會(huì)更健康，更年富力強(qiáng)。作者建議我們要確保孩子們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，人們的身高不斷增長(zhǎng)，韓國(guó)女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。一項(xiàng)全球研究調(diào)查了1914年至2014年間200個(gè)國(guó)家18歲青年的平均身高。"可知，這項(xiàng)全球研究調(diào)查了1914年到2014年200個(gè)國(guó)家18歲年輕人的平均身高，得出了上個(gè)世紀(jì)人們平均身高增長(zhǎng)了的結(jié)論。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均壽命更長(zhǎng)。故選B。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世紀(jì)早期，烏干達(dá)和尼日爾的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18歲的人群中，隨著身高的下降?？芍?，reversed的意思是"反轉(zhuǎn)"。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我們現(xiàn)在給孩子們最好的人生開端，他們?cè)谖磥?lái)的幾十年里會(huì)更健康，更年富力強(qiáng)?？芍ㄗh我們要確保孩子們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．（2019?天津）閱讀理解

Howdoesanecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食動(dòng)物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（獵物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（滅絕）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciesincludingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（臨界點(diǎn)）,itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.（1）Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？A.

Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.

Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.

Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.

Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.（2）Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______.A.

hasawidefoodchoice

B.

caneasilyfindnewpreyC.

stickstoonepreyspecies

D.

canquicklymovetoanotherplace（3）Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline？A.

Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.

Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.

Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.

Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.（4）WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4？A.

Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.

Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.

Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.

Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.（5）Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance？A.

Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B.

Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C.

Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.D.

Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些在食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)的關(guān)鍵原則?？茖W(xué)家們說(shuō);因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越過(guò)了它的臨界點(diǎn)，它們很難再回來(lái)。該系統(tǒng)將告訴我們何時(shí)適應(yīng)人類活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)正將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，或者甚至允許我們將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從邊緣拉回來(lái)，預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.”可知，借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenapredator(掠食動(dòng)物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物)，thetwospeciesarestronglylinked”可知，當(dāng)捕食者總是吃大量的單一獵物，這兩個(gè)物種是緊密相連的。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhad,asurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack”可知，處于食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動(dòng)物對(duì)它們沒(méi)有直接攻擊的其他物種的種群數(shù)量有著驚人的控制，由此可推斷出，如果食物鏈頂級(jí)食肉動(dòng)物的數(shù)量大大下降，其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline”可知，人類過(guò)度的活動(dòng)會(huì)將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，由此可推斷出，不受控制的人類活動(dòng)極大地破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A。（5）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warmingsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.”可知，早期變暖系統(tǒng)發(fā)出緊急需要采取預(yù)防行動(dòng)的信號(hào)幫助我們維持生態(tài)平衡。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

"Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography(傳記)ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.

Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.

Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sVisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion.Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.

Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshismind,andamanwhoworkswithhismindshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.

ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.（1）Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?A.

TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.B.

Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.C.

Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.D.

Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"otheritems"inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.

goodbiographies

B.

storiesofcertaintimesC.

thevolumesofTheLastLion

D.

thechaptersoftheBritishEmpire（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.

Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.B.

Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.C.

Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.D.

Theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.

Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.B.

Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.C.

Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.D.

Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者闡述了喜歡讀好的傳記的原因。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"可知，這一理論表明，更廣泛的歷史運(yùn)動(dòng)和輪廓都可以追溯到對(duì)其時(shí)代有獨(dú)特影響的偉大人物的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。所以通過(guò)第一段的關(guān)鍵詞"gobackto，haduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"，判斷出第一段暗示了作者同意歷史受某些人的影響很大。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention."可知，一個(gè)好的傳記作家不僅講述一個(gè)人的故事，而且還在講述他們所處的時(shí)代。讀一本好的傳記就像漫步在一個(gè)充滿智慧的購(gòu)物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你會(huì)驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，還有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把讀好的傳記比喻成購(gòu)物，將歷史人物和某個(gè)時(shí)期的歷史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判斷出第三段劃線的"otheritems"指的是某個(gè)時(shí)期的故事。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife"以及第三段"Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld."可知，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，不讀傳記會(huì)剝奪我生活的樂(lè)趣。的確，沒(méi)有什么事情比悠閑地度過(guò)夜晚，進(jìn)入另一個(gè)世界更令我放松。所以作者認(rèn)為傳記閱讀令人愉快。故A選項(xiàng)"作者認(rèn)為傳記閱讀令人愉快"是正確的。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating."；第三段中的"Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative."；第四段中的"Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing."以及最后段"ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber."可知，首先，我覺(jué)得好的傳記很吸引人。我發(fā)現(xiàn)好的傳記信息豐富。我發(fā)現(xiàn)好的傳記讓人放松。這就是為什么我喜歡讀好的傳記，以及為什么我同情忽視它們的人。不要成為那些不讀傳記的人群的一員。可知，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷闡述了自己喜歡讀好的傳記的原因目的是推薦人們讀傳記。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

DevonGallagher,acollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhereshe'sbeenwhileshe'sonherworldwidevacationinaspecialway.Thetraveler,whowasbornwithabonedisease,hadherrightlegamputated(截肢)attheageoffour.AlthoughtheamputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.

Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofhertravelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置標(biāo)簽),shewritesherlocationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawaffleinBrussels,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

"IgetanewlegeverytwoyearsandIcanchoosethedesignonit.OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthephotos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback(反饋),"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoinganythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomyselfthatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreatlife."

Gallaghershowsusthatyoushouldneverletanythingstandinthewayofyourdreams.Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.（1）WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?A.

Sheenjoyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.B.

Shesufferslittlefromherleg'samputation.C.

shelooksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.D.

Shehasexactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.（2）Whatdoestheword"which"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.

thecontinent

B.

thepictures

C.

theleg

D.

thelocation（3）Gallaphercanbestbedescribedas________.A.

helpfulandambitious

B.

friendlyandgenerousC.

determinedandcreative

D.

independentandsensible（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

NeverTooLatetoshare

B.

ASpecialArtificialLegC.

AnOutstandingPhotographer

D.

Gallagher'sSummerHolidays【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】DevonGallagher小時(shí)因病右腿截肢，盡管有很多不便，但她認(rèn)為這可以激勵(lì)她過(guò)上最好的生活。長(zhǎng)大后Gallagher在社交媒體上分享自己環(huán)球旅行的照片，但她并沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的使用地理標(biāo)簽，而是拍照前在假肢上寫下自己的位置。她的故事告訴我們不要讓任何東西擋住通往夢(mèng)想的道路。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中AlthoughtheamputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.。盡管截肢早期給她帶來(lái)了很多不便，但她認(rèn)為這可以激勵(lì)她過(guò)上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher想以她獨(dú)特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一種幸運(yùn)的形式，故選C。（2）推理判斷題。NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawall…現(xiàn)在她在整個(gè)大陸拍照，應(yīng)該是這些照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."Gallagher說(shuō)她媽媽和外婆都不喜歡她chalk-board的主意，但她的朋友喜歡，讓她去試試，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有決心。根據(jù)第二段

Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofhertravelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置標(biāo)簽),shewritesherlocationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture。Gallagher把她的位置寫在假肢上來(lái)和大家分享可知他是一個(gè)很有創(chuàng)造性的人，故選C。（4）主旨大意題。最后一段Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart。是本文的主題句，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒體上分享自己環(huán)球旅行的照片，但她并沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的使用地理標(biāo)簽，而是拍照前在假肢上寫下自己的位置的故事。這篇文章是想通過(guò)Gallagher的一條假肢，傳達(dá)出一種樂(lè)觀向上的生活態(tài)度，故ASpecialArtificialLeg是最好的標(biāo)題。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意從文中尋找答案；推理判斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推斷出需要的信息；主旨大意題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。6．閱讀理解

AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga(海藻)thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.

TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.

InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.

FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.（1）Theauthoruses"enormous"inparagraph2tostressthat

.A.

theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandareaB.

whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunityC.

theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecoveredD.

alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchisneeded（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthephrase"neededtobedone"inparagraph4thattheauthorthinks

.A.theSargassoecosystemisworthourattentionandneedsmorestudyB.thescientificcommunityhasignoredthiscomplexecosystemC.theSargassoSeaisbecomingaproblemandneedsremovingD.newmethodsforresearchingtheecosystemmustbefoundinstantly（3）Thetextismainlyabout

.A.diversityofwildlifeintheAtlanticOceanB.differenthabitatsofseaanimalsC.methodsofinformationcollectionD.theSargassoSeaasanentireecosystem【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了馬尾藻海這個(gè)完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，非常巨大以至于一種信息收集方法不足以讓科學(xué)家準(zhǔn)確了解這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生的情況，這里發(fā)現(xiàn)的魚類種類在商業(yè)和環(huán)境上都很重要。南大西洋漁業(yè)管理委員會(huì)正在努力管制馬尾藻海的捕撈。這將為馬尾藻海提供一定的保護(hù)。（1）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“onemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem”一種信息收集方法還不足以讓科學(xué)家準(zhǔn)確地了解在這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一詞，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)研究工作很復(fù)雜，因?yàn)楸仨毟采w很大的區(qū)域。故選C。（2）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“beforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife”在科學(xué)家們了解如何最好地保護(hù)馬尾藻海以及如何救助這么多重要的野生動(dòng)物之前，還需要做進(jìn)一步的研究?？芍獜牡?段“needtobedone”一詞可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為馬尾藻生態(tài)系統(tǒng)值得我們關(guān)注，需要更多的研究。故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.”雖然整個(gè)海洋構(gòu)成了一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，但在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多較小的棲息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一個(gè)被稱為馬尾藻海的開放水域棲息地。以及文章內(nèi)容為關(guān)于馬尾藻海的一些研究說(shuō)明，可知文本主要是關(guān)于作為一個(gè)完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的馬尾藻海。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)，句義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

AdogspentthelastfouryearsofhislifewaitingacrossroadintheThaicityofKhonKaenasifwaitingforsomeone.Peopleoriginallythoughtthedoghadbeenabandoned,butthenrealizedthathelookedhealthy,sopeopleaskedaroundabouthim.Itturnedoutthatthedoghadindeedbeenspendingmostofhistimearoundthatcrossroad,butawomanhadbeencoming-.roundregularlytobringhimfoodandwater.

Oneday,whilephotographingthedogeveryonecalledLeo,areportermetthewomanwhohadbeentakingcareofhim.Shehadcometodropoffsomefood.Afterlearningthestoryaboutthedogandthewoman,thereporterdecidedtosharethestoryonsocialmedia.ThepostsoonwentviralandthephotosofLeogotsharedhundredsoftimes.AndthephotosreachedtheeyesofLeo^formeroldowner.

NangNoiSittisarn,a64-year-oldwomanfromThailand'sRoiEtProvince,almosthadaheartattackwhenherdaughtershowedheraphotoofthebeloveddognamedBonBonshehadlostduringacartrip