高三英語技巧點撥

——語法填空

考綱解讀語法填空是指在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。主要考查學(xué)生對語法、詞匯和語用知識的掌握情況。側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運用，強調(diào)詞匯的變形，同時強調(diào)語篇的分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征。

LearningAims1.通過自主學(xué)習(xí)了解語法填空題的考點；2.通過做題熟練運用語法的能力；3.通過語法填空達到理解語篇的能力;4.通過自己命題了解語法填空的命題特點。What’stheusualwayyoufulfillthetaskGrammarFilling?三步完成:概讀理解–分析填空–連貫檢查語法詞法句法章法慣用法試題導(dǎo)航技巧點撥實戰(zhàn)演練命題探究課后鞏固語法填空Canadaisacountrywithitsowndistinctcustomsandsocialruleswhenitcomestocommunicating.Thehandshakeisoneofthemostcommonanduniversalbusinesscommunication56_______(tool).Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,makeeyecontactandextendyourhand57_________(offer)afirmhandshake.InFrench-speakingareasofCanadaitiscommontoshakehands58________(frequent),evenifmeeting59________samepersonmultipletimesduringthesameday.SomeCanadianmenwillwaitforawomantoextend60________(she)handforahandshakebefore61________(offer)theirownhand.Canadianare,generallyreservedintheirbodylanguage.Theydonotusehandorarmgestures,62_______tendtoemphasizepointswithmoresubtlegestures.Canadiansalsoprefertomaintainacertainamountspacewhen63______(speak)tosomeoneandwillstandatarm’slengthfromothers.French-speakingCanadiansprefertouse64________(big)gesturesandtendtoneedlessdistance65________otherswhenitcomestopersonalspace.試題導(dǎo)航Canadaisacountrywithitsowndistinctcustomsandsocialruleswhenitcomestocommunicating.Thehandshakeisoneofthemostcommonanduniversalbusinesscommunication56_______(tool).Whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,makeeyecontactandextendyourhand57_________(offer)afirmhandshake.InFrench-speakingareasofCanadaitiscommontoshakehands58__________(frequent),evenifmeeting59_____samepersonmultipletimesduringthesameday.SomeCanadianmenwillwaitforawomantoextend60______(she)handforahandshakebefore61________(offer)theirownhand.Canadiansare,generallyreservedintheirbodylanguage.Theydonotusehandorarmgestures,62_____tendtoemphasizepointswithmoresubtlegestures.Canadiansalsoprefertomaintainacertainamountspacewhen63______(speak)tosomeoneandwillstandatarm’slengthfromothers.French-speakingCanadiansprefertouse64________(big)gesturesandtendtoneedlessdistance65________otherswhenitcomestopersonalspace.toolstoofferfrequentlytheherofferingbutspeakingbiggerfrom56.名詞57.非謂語動詞58.副詞59.冠詞60.代詞61.非謂語動詞62.連詞63.非謂語動詞64.形容詞65.介詞

語法填空題—空格設(shè)計純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞等有提示詞謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級toofferthetoolsbutherfromofferingspeakingbigger57.非謂語動詞59.冠詞56.名詞62.連詞60.代詞65.介詞63.非謂語動詞61.非謂語動詞64.形容詞1.純空格試題（59、62、65）2.給出了動詞的試題（57、61、63）3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題（56、58、60、64）三個解題思路命題探究58.副詞frequently1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled_______goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas_____shy,nervousperfectionist.3.Thelittleboypulled______righthandoutofthepocket…4.Itwasnotlong_______thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.5.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrolit.6.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis____greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglish…7.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback______thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.8.Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.9.Little____weknowhislife.10.____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.11.I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.12.Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.

純空格試題冠詞或(物主)代詞1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled_______goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas_____shy,nervousperfectionist.3.Thelittleboypulled______righthandoutofthepocket…

the

a

his考查語法點:定冠詞,不定冠詞,物主代詞的用法歸納總結(jié)：如果句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后面是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），前面無限定詞，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a/the)、不定代詞(any,no,some,all,every….)和形容詞性物主代詞(my,her,their,its…)，名詞所有格等進行修飾。技巧點撥純空格試題連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞4.Itwasnotlong_______thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.5.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrolit.before考查語法點:各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞的用法技巧點撥

找出謂語動詞；分清楚句子層次

理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成分but純空格試題介詞6.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis_____greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglish…7.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback______thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.

of

at考查語法點:介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配技巧點撥歸納總結(jié)：名詞或代詞前面的空格也可能填介詞。如句子不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前如：atnight,onSunday也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat可位于不及物動詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor純空格試題特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)8.Sherememberedhowdifficult___wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.9.Little____weknowhislife.10.____coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.11.I____gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn'tseeher.12.Itwasinthestreet____Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday.itdoSodidthat歸納總結(jié):由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。1.由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式2.構(gòu)成倒裝條件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil等3.so\such...that...句型4.強調(diào)謂語動詞要填do,does,did.5.由itis/was...that...強調(diào)句型1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI__________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoy.3.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.4.Mypupils,Donnie__________(include),adoredher.5.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.6.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”7.We?can?win?the?_________(argue)?if?we?present?the?facts?clearly.?

wastold

kept技巧點撥

receiving

topass

includedsaying

給出了動詞的試題argument給出了動詞的試題

首先要確定是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。技巧一：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，所給動詞就是謂語動詞。若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)。技巧二：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用Ving形式、Ved形式,還是用不定式形式（todo），確定方法如下：Ving形式表主動，進行或介詞后Ved形式表被動，完成Todo形式表主動，將來，也作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語及形容詞后的狀語技巧三：排除以上兩種情況，如果做句子的主語、及物動詞或介詞的賓語、形容詞后面，所給的動詞就要用名詞形式。技巧點撥1.Ihelpedhimknowhecouldbe______(help)toothers.2.Hearrivedhome,reallyhungryand_________(exhaust).3.Youcanrewardyourchildrenbecauseoftheir_______(succeed).4.Thetwopeoplehadagreat_______(affect)onEnglish.5.___________(thank),Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.6.Dietandexerciseare_________(equal)important7.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessary)workintheoffice.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題技巧點撥詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題技巧一:作表語，定語或狀語，通常用形容詞形式

1.Ihelpedhimknowhecouldbe______(help)toothers.

2.Hearrivedhome,reallyhungryand__________(exhaust).helpfulexhausted3.Youcanrewardyourchildrenbecauseoftheir_______(succeed).4.Thetwopersonshadagreat_______(affect)onEnglish.successeffect技巧二:在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞后，用名詞形式5.___________(thank),Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.6.Dietandexerciseare_________(equal)important.Thankfullyequally技巧三:英語中有些副詞Fortunately,Luckily,Importantly,Surprisingly...常放在句首做狀語，修飾后面的整個句子。技巧點撥adj.作狀語修飾句子的主語詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題技巧四：有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類不用變，主要是考察具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-，im-等，在詞根后加-less等。

7.Yourmistakecausedalotof____________(necessary)workintheoffice.unnecessary

請用剛剛總結(jié)的考點,嘗試用下面的短文,進行語法填空的命題1.挖出你認為會考的10個空；2.注明理由（比如：介詞+名詞）3.時間：3分鐘

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.Nobodyknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape.考點分布考點數(shù)量動詞(謂語/非謂語)名詞連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)介詞代詞冠詞形容詞副詞

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire

1__

destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuilding__2__(finish)onlyafewmonths

beforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25_3_(floor)oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.__4__firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeople__5__(work)inthebuilding.Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire__6__(break)

outonthe11thfloor.Nobodyknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan__7__(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,_8__itwasimpossibletocontrol__9__.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove__10__(escape).Onepossibleversion:

Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire________destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th,1974.Thebuilding___________(finish)onlyafewmonthsbeforethefire;itwasSaoPaulo’snewestbuilding.Allthe25______(floor)oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed.______firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeople_________(work)inthebuilding.which/thatfloorsThewasfinishedworkingOver500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire_______(break)outonthe11thfloor.Nobodyknowshowthefirestarted.Perhapsitwasstartedbyan__________(electricity)fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices.Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire,____itwasimpossibletocontrol____.Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove__