閱讀理解武勝中學(xué)葉小慶主旨大意閱讀理解武勝中學(xué)葉小慶主旨大意Step1:Lead-inAmothermousewasoutforawalkwithherbabieswhenshefoundacatbehindabush.Shewatchedthecat,andthecatwatchedthemice.Mothermousebarkedfiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”thecatwassofrighteredthatitranforit’slife.Mothermouseturnedtoherbabiesandsaid,”Now,doyouunderstandthevalueofasecondlanguage?”Whatisthestorymainlyabout?Itisimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.Step1:Lead-inAmotherm主旨大意

考查學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。主旨大意考查學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速Step2:Questionformsaboutthemainidea1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標(biāo)題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…Step2:Questionformsaboutt

Step3:Howtogetthemainidea1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2)找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：

讀首句抓大意

讀尾句抓大意

在中間抓大意讀首尾段抓大意

3.)主題句隱含在全文中

無主題句隱含在全文中明顯主題句時高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Step3:HowtogetthemainiSample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主題句在段首

一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說明文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。Sample1Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

Sample2Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.Sample31)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點(diǎn)看其后的賓語從句。

主題句在短文中間1)關(guān)注一些表征強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞主題句在短文中間Sample4ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid…...“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（4）首尾呼應(yīng)為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見.通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味.Sample4

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān)(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Sample5Aneweight-kilome

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞為關(guān)鍵詞，一般與主旨相關(guān)(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展PracticemakesperfectPracticemakesperfect

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.AShowTime1.LungcanceristheNo.1can2.Manypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.…Nameornoname?Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewantto.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement,aclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonorourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithournamethatwehonorwhatwesay.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.honorandwritersB.identityandsignatureC.signature(簽名)andresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature2.3.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter…

…ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷3.非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷4

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)4.某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)5.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.Don’tjudgeothersbyappearance.So,itisfoolishtojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceTrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance5.6.即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。

JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinand