英語語法知識

介詞用法

（Theuseofpreposition）英語語法知識1

介詞(preposition)一介詞的分類與語法功能1.介詞是虛詞，不能單獨做句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句）構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。介詞分為：簡單介詞（由一個單詞構(gòu)成）:at、in、on、for、to復(fù)雜介詞（由兩個或兩個以上單詞構(gòu)成）：within、inside、onto、throughout復(fù)雜介詞可以包括兩個、三個、甚至四個單詞，稱為“雙詞介詞”、“三詞介詞”、和“四詞介詞”accordingto/

outof/becauseof/insteadof

bymeansof/inspiteof/atvariancewith/forfearof/onaccountofattheexpenseof/atthemercyof/forthebenefitof/forthesakeof/onthegroundsof/onthescoreof/undertheauspicesof

介詞(preposition)一介詞的分2雙重介詞：frombehind/above/under,untilafter

分詞介詞：considering,including,judgingfrom/by

1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.雙重介詞：frombehind/above/un3總結(jié)1：介詞后常接名詞、代詞、動名詞、從句、不定式組成介詞短語?？偨Y(jié)2:介詞短語在句子中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補。Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers總結(jié)1：介詞后常接名詞、代詞、動名詞、從句、不定4二.介詞搭配動詞＋介詞

robsbofsth

(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)

supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/fill)

makesthof/from/into

介詞＋the+人體部位（strike/catch/hit/

preventsbfromdoing二.介詞搭配supplyuswithsth=s5persuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason)

buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)

tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read)

givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand)

saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper)

同一介詞與不同動詞（to/for/at…

同一動詞與不同介詞的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand…persuadesbinto/outofdo62.

形容詞＋介詞

afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar1.I’mafraid_____beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_____us.2.Einsteinwasknown______histheoryofrelativity_____afamousphysicsscientist______theworld.3.Heisangry_____whathise-palhassaidforheistired_____beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar______thefictionbecauseitisverypopular______teenagerssofar.2.形容詞＋介詞1.I’mafraid_____73.名詞＋介詞

1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.

2.Thegirlhasagoodway_____studyingEnglish.

3.Thekey_____successliesindiligenceandwisdom.重點介詞的用法歸納與辨析表示世紀、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on3.在某一時刻、或某一點時間用at.3.名詞＋介詞重點介詞的用法歸納與辨析2.在某一天8till,until,to的用法。1）till/until與延續(xù)動詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫動詞連用用在否定句（在句首、強調(diào)句不用till).2)to表終結(jié)常與from連用from…to…fromtimetotimefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohousefromone+名詞＋toanother表“依次”名詞+by+同一名詞onebyone…5.in,after,later

in+一段時間.常用一般將來時。after+一段時間.常用一般過去時。after+點時間.用各種時態(tài)。一段時間＋later過去時till,until,to的用法。2)to96.地點介詞:at,on,in,to,offacross,throughover,underbelow,aboveto（靜態(tài)）,towards(動態(tài)）,along7.表示方式、手段、工具的介詞

by/through(表泛指的方式、手段）

by(交通工具類）

by/with/in(方式、手段）1.Theboylikeswriting_____apenandespeciallylikeswriting_____blueandblackink.2.Hegotfullmark_____hisowneffort,heoftencontactswithhisepals_____email.6.地點介詞:at,on,in,to108.表“除…之外”的介詞

besides,but＝except，

exceptfor,exceptthat…注意：1）前面有不定代詞、疑問代詞時，多用but

Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesliterature.2）后接不定式短語為排除對象時，多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.3)固定短語

havenochoicebuttodosth（只得做某事）

cannotbutdosth＝cannothelpbutdosth(不得不）

butfor/butthat…（要不是）8.表“除…之外”的介詞注意：1）前面有不定119.between/among(三者以上）1）Maryissitting_____TomandwangLi.2）Shewasbusy_____cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.3）Shanghaiis_____thelargestcitiesintheworld.4）Ahorsecanbeseen_____treesnow.9.between/among(三者以上）1）12

1.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting______hisillness.

2.Thereason______hisbeingangryisthathelosthiscellphone.3.______aheavysnow,thehighwayhasbeenclosedup.4.Theaccidentis______thedriver’sdrinking.

10表原因的介詞：for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof10表原因的介詞：1311.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的for,of

1）Itisclever______youtoanswersuchadifficultanswer.2）Itismean______hertogivemesolittlepocketmoney.3）Itisquiteimpossible_____himtoexplainwhy.4）Itishard______youtolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutperseverance.12.兼類詞（兼作連詞和副詞）

aftersincetill/untilbefore.11.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的for,of1）Itis14介詞詞組與某些限定分句的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系：介詞詞組作狀語和名詞修飾成分，與某些作類似用法的限定從屬分句有一定轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系：1）介詞詞組在意義上相當(dāng)于that-分句Didanyoneinformyouofthechangeoftheplans?Didanyoneinformyouthattheplanshadbeenchanged?AreyousureaboutSimon’sdisappearance?AreyousurethatSimonhasdisappeared?Theyoungmanconvincedeveryoneofhisinnocence.Theyoungmanconvincedeveryonethathewasinnocent.介詞詞組與某些限定分句的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系：152)介詞詞組在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語分句：Becauseofhismistakeseveralpeopledied.Becaus