Module5TheGreatSportsPersonality核心單詞1.performvt.

做；執(zhí)行；履行;表演；演奏;正式進(jìn)行；實(shí)施（某事）vi.

表演；表現(xiàn)；（機(jī)器）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Sheperformedperfectlyonthepiano.她的鋼琴演奏十分出色。Thesealsperformedwellatcircus.在馬戲團(tuán)里，海豹表演得十分精彩。Ourteamperformedwellinthematchyesterday.我們隊(duì)在昨天的比賽中表現(xiàn)得很出色。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：performone’spromise履行諾言performatask執(zhí)行任務(wù)performanexperiment/operation做實(shí)驗(yàn)/手術(shù)performaceremony舉行典禮聯(lián)想拓展performancen.表演；履行；表現(xiàn)performern.表演者；履行者giveaperformance演出putonaperformance演出Theywillgiveaperformance/putonperformancesatthetheatre.他們將在那家劇院演出。TheThousand-handedGoddessofMercyisgenerallyconsideredagreatperformance.《千手觀音》被普遍認(rèn)為是一個(gè)很好的節(jié)目。2.advantagen.優(yōu)勢(shì)；長(zhǎng)處。反義詞為disadvantage,意為“劣勢(shì)”。①n.［C］優(yōu)勢(shì)；優(yōu)點(diǎn)Ithasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.此事利多弊少。It’sanadvantageifyouknowhowtotype.如果你會(huì)打字，對(duì)你將有利。②n.［U］好處，益處(=benefit,profit)HegainedmuchadvantagefromhisvisittoLondon.他從倫敦之行中獲益匪淺。Therewillbenoadvantageinwaitinganylonger.再等下去，一點(diǎn)好處也沒有。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：takeadvantageof利用……；欺騙；占……的便宜have/gain/winanadvantageover對(duì)……占有優(yōu)勢(shì)；比某人強(qiáng)；占上風(fēng)toone’sadvantage=totheadvantageofsb.對(duì)某人有利beatadisadvantage處于不利地位havetheadvantageof有……優(yōu)點(diǎn)；較……有利Shetookadvantageofthechildren’sabsencetotidytheirrooms.她趁孩子們不在時(shí)收拾了他們的房間。Inthefirsthalf,wehadtheadvantageovertheopposingteam.前半場(chǎng)，我們比對(duì)方占優(yōu)勢(shì)。It’llbetoyouradvantagetostudyabroad.到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)你有利。Youhavetheadvantageofme,I’mafraid.您認(rèn)識(shí)我，我還不認(rèn)識(shí)您，失敬得很。(客套話)3.guaranteevt.擔(dān)保，保證，允諾n.保證；保證書；保證人；抵押物常用結(jié)構(gòu)：guaranteesb.sth.=guaranteesth.tosb.向某人保證某事guaranteethat...保證……guaranteetodosth.保證做某事standguaranteeforsb.替某人擔(dān)保guaranteesb./sth.against/from保證……不受/免遭……guaranteefund保證金underguarantee在保修期內(nèi)Healtheducationisthefundamentalwaytoresistillnessandguaranteepeople’shealth.健康教育是抵御疾病，保證人們健康的根本途徑。Iguaranteetopayoffhisdebt.=IguaranteethatI’llpayoffhisdebt.我保證還清他的債。Noschool,collegeoragencycanguaranteethatastudentwillfindsuitablework.沒有任何學(xué)校，學(xué)院或中介公司保證學(xué)生能夠找到合適的工作。Wealthisnotalwaysaguaranteeofhappiness.財(cái)富不一定是幸福的保證。Icanoffermyhouseasaguarantee.我可以拿我的房子作抵押。4.scorev.

得分，贏得n.

得分，成績(jī)；二十；痕跡Ourteamwonbyascoreof5to2.我們隊(duì)以五比二獲勝。Myscoreonthetestwas95.我這次考試的分?jǐn)?shù)是95分。Thereisabadscoreonthetable.桌子上有一道深深的劃痕。Therewerethreescoreofvisitorswaitingoutside.有60位來訪者在外等候。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：scoreasuccess/victory/win取得成功/勝利/獲勝scoreoffsb.使……丟臉；使啞口無言scoresth.out/through劃線刪去onthatscore關(guān)于那一點(diǎn)；為了這一點(diǎn)scoresof許多，大量（后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）聯(lián)想拓展score-board計(jì)分牌score-card計(jì)分卡scorern.

記分員；得分的運(yùn)動(dòng)員Therearescoresofstudentsontheplayground.操場(chǎng)上有許多學(xué)生。注意：threescoreof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示“60個(gè)……”，而threescoreofthe+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示“……中的60個(gè)”。Threescoreofstudentswereplayingontheplayground.60個(gè)學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上玩耍。Threescoreofthestudentswereplayingontheplayground.那些學(xué)生中的60人在操場(chǎng)上玩耍。5.protestv.&n.抗議，聲辯Sheprotestedthatshehadneverseentheaccusedmanbefore.她堅(jiān)持說她以前從來沒見過這一被指控的男子。Loudprotestswereheardwhenthedecisionwasannounced.這項(xiàng)決定一經(jīng)宣布，抗議之聲不絕于耳。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：protestabout/at/againststh.反對(duì)某事物，對(duì)某事物提出異議underprotest（經(jīng)抗議后）心有不甘地Sheprotestedstronglyatbeingcalledasnob.她極力反對(duì)別人說她勢(shì)利眼。Theyareholdingarallytoprotestagainstthegovernment’sdefencepolicy.他們正舉行集會(huì)抗議政府的防務(wù)政策。聯(lián)想拓展protestationn.主張，斷言protestern.

抗議者，反對(duì)者6.declarev.公告，宣布，聲明常用結(jié)構(gòu)：declaresth.宣布；聲明declareagainst/for聲明反對(duì)/贊成declaresth./sb.(tobe)斷言/宣布某事/人為……declarethat...宣布/公布……Doyouhaveanythingtodeclareforcustoms?你有任何物品要向海關(guān)申報(bào)的嗎？Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency.政府已經(jīng)宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。Allthepeopledeclaredagainstthewar.所有的人都聲明反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Thejudgedeclaredhimtobeinnocent/thathewasinnocent.法官宣布他無罪。Shedeclaredthatshedidn’twanttoseehimagain.她宣稱再也不愿見到他了。聯(lián)想拓展declarationn.宣布，公布declaredadj.

公開宣稱的declaredlyadv.

公然地易混辨析announce/declareannounce指正式“公布；宣布”，側(cè)重預(yù)告人們關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞。

declare指正式向公眾宣布，側(cè)重指“當(dāng)眾發(fā)表”或“鄭重地宣布、聲稱、聲明（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、和平、判決、意見等）”。Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.當(dāng)他宣布競(jìng)賽的獲勝者時(shí)，大家都靜了下來。ThegovernmentannounceditsneweconomicpoliciestothepubliconTV.政府通過電視向公眾宣布了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyon3rdSeptember,1939.英國(guó)于1939年9月3日對(duì)德國(guó)正式宣戰(zhàn)。Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingclosed.主席宣布會(huì)議結(jié)束。7.choicen.選擇常用結(jié)構(gòu)：makeachoice/choices做出選擇atone’sownchoice出于自己的選擇bychoice任意地；隨意地havenochoicebuttodosth./thereisnochoicebuttodosth.除……之外別無選擇（相當(dāng)于havenothingtodobutdosth./donothingbutdosth.)Hisunclemadeachoicetosettleinthecountryside.他叔叔決定在鄉(xiāng)下定居。Hehadnochoicebuttogohome.他除了回家別無選擇。Choosingusisnotyouronlychoicebutcertainlyisyourcorrectchoice!選擇我們不是你唯一的選擇,但一定是你正確的選擇！聯(lián)想拓展choice的動(dòng)詞形式為choose,其常見用法：chooseas/tobe...選擇……作為……choosebetween/fromsth.從……中選擇choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.為某人挑選某物Theychoosehimastheirleader.他們選他當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。Whowaschosen(tobe/as)theking?誰被選做國(guó)王？Youcanchoosethreequestionsfromthefiveontheexampaper.試卷上共有五個(gè)問題，請(qǐng)選三個(gè)作答。Theychosetoresignratherthanworkforthenewmanager.他們寧可辭職也不愿為那個(gè)新上任的經(jīng)理效力。重點(diǎn)短語8.togetherwith和;加之;連同Hesentmesomeflowerstogetherwithaloveletter.他送我一些花，還附帶一封情書。He,togetherwithhisparentsgoestoparkeverySunday.他和父母每個(gè)星期天都去公園。聯(lián)想拓展當(dāng)主語后面跟有togetherwith引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式要與前一個(gè)主語保持一致。類似的詞和短語還有：with,alongwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等。Henry，ratherthanJaneandJohn,isresponsiblefortheloss.損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)該由亨利而不是由簡(jiǎn)和約翰來承擔(dān)。Theteacherwithtwostudentswasatthemeeting.那位老師還有兩個(gè)學(xué)生參加了會(huì)議。9.ontheincrease正在增長(zhǎng)Ourdemandforthisproductissteadilyontheincrease.我們對(duì)該產(chǎn)品的需求正穩(wěn)步地增長(zhǎng)。Thetechnicalcooperationandculturalexchangebetweenthetwocountriesareontheincrease.技術(shù)合作和文化交流在兩國(guó)之間正在增加。10.upto①(數(shù)目上)一直到;多達(dá)Hisincomeisupto2,000yuanamonth.他的收入每月2000元。②(時(shí)間上)到;一直到Helivesinthecountryuptonow.他一直住在鄉(xiāng)下。③從事;忙于;計(jì)劃著—Whatisheuptonow?——他在搗什么鬼？—He’suptonogood.——他不懷好意

④勝任;適于Heiswelluptohiswork.他完全勝任這份工作。⑤……的責(zé)任;輪到……It’suptometohelphimwithhisEnglish.該由我?guī)退a(bǔ)習(xí)英語了。11.risetoone’sfeet站起身，站起來Herosetohisfeettothankallthelisteners.他站起來感謝所有的聽眾。Tomroseunsteadilytohisfeettoreplytothespeechofwelcome.湯姆搖搖晃晃地站起身來回應(yīng)著歡迎辭。聯(lián)想拓展onone’sfeet站著;恢復(fù)健康struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來standonone’sfeet獨(dú)立自主，自立jumptoone’sfeet跳起setfooton進(jìn)入;踏上have/keepone’sfeetontheground注重實(shí)際;腳踏實(shí)地12.bethoughttobe被認(rèn)為是……；人們認(rèn)為……,后可接名詞或形容詞，也可用作bethoughttodo結(jié)構(gòu)。Heisthoughttobeanhonestman.人們認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。聯(lián)想拓展Itis+過去分詞+that...相當(dāng)于sb.be+過去分詞+todoItissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itiswell-knownthat...眾所周知……Itisgenerallyconsidered/thoughtthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為……Itwasreportedthathehadwonthegame.=Hewasreportedtohavewonthegame.據(jù)報(bào)道他贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。Itisthoughtthatheisanhonestman.=Heisthoughttobeanhonestman.人們認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。重點(diǎn)句型13.Butevenifhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.即使是已經(jīng)贏得了在自己運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上所能贏得的一切，李寧還是帶著一種失敗的感覺退了役。①Itwaspossibletowininhissport是定語從句，修飾先行詞everything。Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo...這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞常常是easy,difficult,hard,important,necessary等，常與事物的特征有關(guān)。Itisdifficultfortheboytoworkouttheproblem.解決這個(gè)問題對(duì)這個(gè)男孩而言很難。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對(duì)我們而言很重要。②從句thathehadfailed是同位語從句，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明feeling的含義。Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todo...這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞常常是good,kind,nice,wrong,clever,silly,(im)polite等，常與人的性格特點(diǎn)有關(guān)。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我，真好。Itwasimpoliteofhimtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.對(duì)老師那樣說話，他太沒禮貌了。Itiswrongofyoutolaughatthedisabledboy.嘲笑這個(gè)殘疾的男孩是不對(duì)的。14.Butitwasthissenseoffailurethatmadehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.

但就是這種失敗感使他決心在新的生活中取得成功。此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“It+be的適當(dāng)形式+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其他”。在該句型中,it無實(shí)際意義,且不可用this或that替換;若原句的謂語用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),則be動(dòng)詞用is;若原句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了過去時(shí),則be動(dòng)詞用was。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)需要,也可在be前加上may/might/must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人,引導(dǎo)詞可用who或that；若是強(qiáng)調(diào)其他部分,則一律用that。翻譯時(shí)常加上“正是……；就是……”等字眼,以表現(xiàn)其強(qiáng)調(diào)含義。ItwasthefilmHEROthatmadehimknowZhangYimou.就是電影《英雄》使他認(rèn)識(shí)了張藝謀。注意:這個(gè)句型可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子中除了謂語以外的任何成分。ItwasIthat/whometJohninthestreetyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）ItwasJohnthat/whoImetinthestreetyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）ItwasinthestreetthatImetJohnyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)ItwasyesterdaythatImetJohninthestreet.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)聯(lián)想拓展強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問句有：一般疑問句：Is/Wasit...that...?Wasityouthat/whometJohninthestreetyesterday?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?WhowasitthatmetJohninthestreetyesterday?注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)句除強(qiáng)調(diào)人可以用who之外，其余都要用that。15.WheneverChineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics,theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuit.

中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員無論何時(shí)踏上2008奧運(yùn)會(huì)的賽場(chǎng)，他們都將穿著李寧的運(yùn)動(dòng)服。這是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，whenever,whatever,however,whoever,wherever,whichever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatter+when/what/how/who/where/which。Whereveryougo,I’llgowithyou.=Nomatterwhereyougo,I’llgowithyou.無論你去哪里，我都要和你一起去。Howeverhardhetries,hewon’tbeabletowinthefirstprize.=Nomatterhowhardhetries,hewon’tbeabletowinthefirstprize.無論他多么努力，他都不可能贏得第一名。注意:當(dāng)引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)只能用whatever,whoever,whichever。Whoevercomeslatewillbepunished.遲到者將受罰。Neverbelievewhateverhesays.He’saliar.不要相信他說的話，他是個(gè)騙子。Ⅰ.利用構(gòu)詞法，品句填詞

His_______aunttoldhimnotto_______thewoundtootightly.(age)

答案:aged;bandage

詞根

后綴名詞pass通過agepassage__1__cart用車裝載__2__運(yùn)費(fèi)short短的__3__不足，缺少marry結(jié)婚marriage__4__break打破__5__破損bond結(jié)合bondage奴役bag包baggage行李lug用力拖拉__6__行李mile英里mileage英里數(shù)post郵遞__7__郵費(fèi)Ⅱ.串聯(lián)擴(kuò)展在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~答案:1.走廊，通道2.cartage3.shortage4.婚姻5.breakage6.luggage7.postage和天堂相對(duì)的有還有黃泉、往生門扉等。黃泉可能是中國(guó)宗教信仰中最早出現(xiàn)的陰間往生門扉的概念。后來，漢代出現(xiàn)了道教中的陰曹往生門扉，佛教傳入后受其影響在道教原有的惡曹地獄基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展出了系統(tǒng)的地獄體系，即十八層地獄。往生門扉的概念大于地獄，陰間的概念又大于往生門扉。陰間泛指亡魂所在的空間，因而不局限于往生門扉，甚或可能和地上人間在空間上重合而人無法感知；地獄特指囚禁和懲罰生前罪孽深重的亡魂之地，可以說是陰間往生門扉的監(jiān)獄和刑場(chǎng)；；/xs