Unit5IntotheunknownⅠ.閱讀理解Humanhistoryisfullofhorsestorieslikeguidingcowboyshomeonfoggynightsandtakingwoundedsoldiersthroughbattlezones.SuchsensibleandhighlytrainedhorsesmadeElinaJatel,acomputerscientistandroboticist,thinkofrobots.“Ahorsethatcantakeariderhomeonitsownwouldbethehighestlevelofautonomy,”Jatelsays.“Youtrustthemwithyourlife.”Shewasdrawntolearninghowsuchrelationshipsformandifitcouldhelpimprovehuman-robotinteractions.Forayear,Jatelengagedherselfinthehorseworld.Shewatchedclassesinhorsetraining,andshealsotalkedwithstudents,instructors,trainersandhorseowners.Alongtheway,Jatelevenlearnedtoride.Horseslearnsignalsfromtheirtrainersonhowtocomfortablyinteractwithpeople.People,too,mustlearntheirpart.Ridersmustlearnwhatahorsewantsorhowitfeelsbasedonitsbehavior,andwhatsignalstousetodirecthorsestoperformindesiredways.Jatelfoundsomesimilarities,here,toworkingwithrobots.Peoplemustlearnhowtodirectrobotstodospecifictasks.Theyalsomustlearnwhattodowhenrobotsdon’tperformasplanned.Thegoalistoprogramrobotsthatwillrespondpredictablytoinputsfrompeople.Butlikehorses,autonomousrobotsalsoshouldbeabletorespondontheirownasconditionschange.Forexample,aself-drivingcarmuststoptoavoidhittingsomething,evenifsomehumanmistakenlytellsittokeepgoing.Trainersandridersworkwithhorsestobuildrespect.Horsesshowthatrespectbymatchingtheirpacetoahumanorgivingsomeonewhoisleadingthemasafedegreeofpersonalspace.Trainersbegintheirworkwithahorsebygettingthemtoshowsignsofrespectinbasicinteractions,Jatelsays.Later,trainerswilldevelopmorecomplexinteractions.Gradually,ahorse’srespectcangrowintotrust.Butthattrustisnotgiven.Andtheremaybeasimilarlimitationwithrobots.Whatwoulditmeanforrobotsandpeopletorespectandtrusteachother?Fornow,sheadds,thisislargelyunchartedterritory.Butshe’slookingtobuildapath.1.WhatdrewElinaJatel’sattentiontohorses?A.Horses’amazingperformance.B.Longhistoryofhorsetraining.C.Horse-humaninterdependence.D.Herhorse-ridingexperience.2.Whataretherobotsofthehighestautonomydesignedtodo?A.Toactlikerealhorses.B.Toshowrespectforhumans.C.Tofollowinstructionsfromhumans.D.Tomakeindependentandsensibledecisions.3.WhatwillJatel’sfutureresearchmostprobablyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofrobots.B.Trustbetweenrobotsandhumans.C.Thepathtowardhigherrobotefficiency.D.Similaritiesbetweenhorsesandrobots.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HistoryofHuman-HorseRelationshipB.SecretsofHuman-AnimalInteractionsC.TheRoleofTrustinHuman-RobotPartnershipsD.HorsesastheInspirationforAutonomousRobotsHumanshavesailedtheoceans’surfacesformillennia,buttheirdepthsremaineffectivelyuncharted.Onlyaboutaquarteroftheseafloorhasbeenmappedathighresolution.Mapsofmostregionsdisplayonlyapproximatedepthsandoftenmissentireunderwatermountainsorcanyons(峽谷).Soresearchershaveintroducedsomedeep-divingexperts:ElephantSeals.ScientistshavebeenplacingtrackersonthemaroundAntarcticaforyears,gatheringdataonoceantemperature.Foranewstudy,theresearcherscomparedthesedivers’locationanddepthdatawithsomeofthelessdetailedseafloormaps.Theyspottedplaceswherethesealsdovedeeperthanshouldhavebeenpossibleaccordingtothemaps—meaningtheexistingdepthestimateswereinaccurate.IneasternAntarctica’sVincennesBay,thedivingsealshelpedthescientistsfindalarge,hiddenunderwatercanyonofmorethanamileindepth.AnAustralianresearchshipcalledtheRSVNuyinalatermeasuredthecanyon’sexactdepthusingsonar(聲納),andtheresearchershaveproposednamingtheirfindtheMirounga-NuyinaCanyon—honoringboththeshipandtheinvolvedElephantSeals,genusMirounga.Butsealscan’tcharttheentireoceanfloor.Thetrackersusedinthestudycouldpinpointaseal’sgeographicallocationonlywithinabout1.5miles,whichallowsforusefulbutnotexactlyhigh-resolutiondata.Plus,becausethesealsdon’talwaysdivetothebottomoftheocean,theycanrevealonlywherethebottomisdeeperthaninexistingmaps—notshallower.Deep-searesearchexpertssuggestimprovingonthesedatabyusingmoreprecisetrackingdevicesandanalyzingtheseals’divingpatternstodeterminewhethertheyhavereachedtheseafloororsimplystoppedgoingdown.Thepotentialuseofthecurrentseal-divedataistogatherinformationaboutthedeepoceanaroundAntarctica,specificallyregardingthelocationanddepthofseafloorcanyons.ThisdatacanbevaluableforpredictinghowAntarctica’sicewillmelt.Byunderstandingthepresenceandcharacteristicsofthesecanyons,scientistscanbetterassesshowwarmerwaterfromthedeepoceanflowstowardstheicealongthecontinent’scoast.ThisknowledgeiscrucialforaccuratelymodelingandpredictingthefuturebehaviorofAntarctica’sicesheetsandtheircontributiontothesealevelrise.5.Howdidtheresearchersfindoutthedepthinaccuracies?A.Bygatheringtemperaturedata.B.Withthehelpofseals’diving.C.Byimprovingresolutionofmaps.D.Withthetrackersplacedoncanyons.6.WhyisthediscoveryofMirounga-NuyinaCanyonmentioned?A.Toprovidemorereferencedata.B.Tointroduceanewtopic.C.Togivesupportingevidence.D.Tomakeacomparison.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Researcherscanassessoceanfeatures.B.Datacanbeusedtotrackicelocation.C.Underwaterflowcanbecontrolled.D.Scientistscanmonitoricemelting.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Sealsassistscientistsinchartingoceanfloor.B.Sealsadvancetrackingdevices’precision.C.Scientistsdrawinspirationfromseals.D.Scientistsuncoverseals’divingpatterns.Aninnovativecreationwillhelptransformtreatingdiseases.ScientistsatTuftsUniversityandHarvardUniversity’sWyssInstitutedevelopedtinybiologicalrobots“Anthrobots”fromhumancells.TheseAnthrobotspossesstheastonishingabilitytomoveacrosssurfacesandhaveexhibitedaremarkablehealing(治愈)effectbystimulatingneuron(神經(jīng)元)growthindamagedlabdishregions.Thisdiscoveryservesasacrucialsteppingstonetowardtheresearchers’visionofemployingbiologicalrobotsasinnovativetoolsforhealing,anddiseasetreatment.ThisbreakthroughoriginatesfromearlierresearchconductedbyMichaelLevin,ProfessorofBiologyatTuftsUniversitySchoolofArts&Sciences,andJoshBongardattheUniversityofVermont.TheyoncecreatedbiologicalrobotscalledXenobotsfromfrogcells,capableofvariousfunctionsincludingself-copying,foralimitednumberofcycles.However,itwasunclearifbiologicalrobotscouldbeformedusingcellsfromotherspecies.Intheirlateststudy,LevinandTuftsPhDstudentGizemGumuskayadiscoveredthatAnthrobotscanindeedbecraftedfromadulthumancells,withcapabilitiesoutperformingthoseobservedinXenobots.Anthrobotsshowedtheabilitytomoveacrossasurfacecoveredinhumanneuronsgrowninalabdish,facilitatingnewgrowthtofillgapscausedbycelllayerdamage.“Itisextremelyinterestingandcompletelyunexpectedthatnormalpatients’cells,withoutchangingtheirDNA,canmoveontheirownandencourageneurongrowthacrossaregionofdamage.We’renowlookingathowthehealingmechanismworks,andaskingwhatelsetheseconstructscando,”saysLevin.Oneofthemainadvantagesofusinghumancellsliesinconstructingbiologicalrobotsfromapatient’scellstoperformhealingtaskswithoutleadingtoimmune(免疫的)responses.TheseAnthrobotsnaturallybreakdownafterafewweeksandcanbeeasilyabsorbedintothebodyoncetheirfunctioniscomplete.Anthrobotscanonlysurviveunderspecificlaboratoryconditions,posingnoriskofexposureorunintendedspreadoutsidethecontrolledenvironment.Theydonotreproduce,havenogeneticchanges,andthereforecarrynoriskofdevelopingbeyondsafetymeasures.9.WhatdoAnthrobotsdoinhealingpatients?A.Replacehumancells.B.Facilitateneurongrowth.C.Createnewhumancells.D.Moveacrosstissuesurfaces.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crafted”inparagraph3mean?A.Made. B.Divided.C.Copied. D.Designed.11.WhatisoneofthemainadvantagesofAnthrobots?A.Theycanbeeasilycreatedfrompatients’cells.B.Theycanbeusedinmanycontrolledenvironments.C.Theycanavoidcausingimmuneresponses.D.Theycanhavegeneticchangeswhennecessary.12.Whichmagazineisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.AdvancedScience. B.SportsnetMagazine.C.ArtinAmerica. D.NationalGeographic.Ⅱ.七選五Whiletechnologyaddictsteenstotheirdevices,theyarenothelplessagainstthedrawofit.Herearefivewayseducatorscansupporttheirstudents’digitalwellbeing.Exploredesigntrickscompaniesuse.Thetechnologyweusedailyisdesignedtocatchandholdourattention.Companiesknowwhatkeepsoureyesonthescreen.Tohelp,teacherscanunpackdesigntricksandexplainhowcompaniesemployfeatureslikeauto-playtogetuserstostayontheirapps.1

Talkabouthowtechnologycanincreasefeelingsofanxiety.Thedeclineinyouthmentalhealthisassociatedwithanincreaseinsocialmediause.2Wecanhelpourstudentsbyallowingthemtoconsiderthebenefitsoftechnologyandthentothinkaboutchangingthehabitsthataren’tservingtheirwell-being.

3Socialmediacanbringthefeeling:“Allmyfriendshavebetterlivesthanme”Plus,designfeatureslike“readreceipts”canleadtoteensknowingtheirmessageshavebeenseenandstressingaboutwhyfriendshaven’tyetreplied.Theseareclassicexamplesofthinkingtraps.Identifyingthemcanhelpteensgetridofsomenegativethoughts.

UncoverthewaysthatAIcanplayaroleinmisinformation.AIisrapidlytransformingtheworld.Recommendationalgorithms(算法),whichdeterminewhatwedoanddonotseeonourfeedsandinoursearchresults,canhaveveryrealconsequences.4Byunderstandinghowthesetechnologieswork,studentscanstarttoenjoymorebenefitsoftechnology.

Encouragefamiliestohavemeaningfulconversationswiththeirchild.Takethetimetosharewithfamiliesthetopicsandresourcesyou’reteachinginclass.5Knowingwe’reallinthesameboatiscrucial.

A.Socialmediaisruiningourlife.B.Connectthemwiththeirinnerworld.C.Buildtheirawarenessofthinkingtraps.D.Thisbynomeansindicatesalltechnologyisbad.E.Theycanpullustowardincreasinglyextremeviews.F.Itturnsoutadultsandkidsallpursuedigitalwellbeing.G.Knowingthesecanmotivatestudentstogetbacktheirattention.A篇1.核心單詞:Para.1:woundedadj.受傷的,負傷的Para.3:specificadj.明確的,具體的;特定的Para.5:unchartedadj.無人涉足的,陌生的,人跡罕至的territoryn.領域;領土,領地2.核心短語:Para.2:engagesbinsth使……參與……,使……從事……3.熟詞生義:Para.1:draw常用義:v.畫,描繪,描畫文章義:v.吸引,招引,使感興趣例句:The