Unit6SpaceandbeyondⅠ.閱讀理解“Palace,Mountain,Moon?”hasbeenselectedbyNASAastheAstronomicalPictureoftheDayforDecember25,2023.ThephotowastakenbyValerio,ayoungphotographerofTurin,Italy.ItwasshotontheeveningofDecember15,2023.WhileheknewaboutNASA’scompetition,hehadn’tconsideredparticipatinguntilhereceivedmuchencouragementfromhissocialmediafollowers.Soonafter,hereceivedthemessage,“Yourimagehasbeenchosenastheastronomicalphotooftheday.”Itwasincredible!Inaphotolikethis,nothingislefttoluck.Theconceptcametohimbackin2017.WalkingonthehillsnorthofTurin,hefoundseveralspotsperfectforincludingboththeBasilicaofSupergaandMountainMonviso.Afternumerousvisitsoverseveralmonths,heidentifiedfourspotswhereSupergaandMonvisolineupjustright.Afterpinpointingtheselocations,heexperimentedwithshootingthematdifferenttimes.“IknewIneededsomethingspecialtoperfectthephoto.TheSunwasano-goplace,soIturnedtotheMoon.Itsvariousphasesandpositionsreachanazimuthangle(方位角)of230degrees,”Valeriosaid.Withthisinmind,heresearchedtheMoon’sphases,markedpotentialdatesonthecalendar,andplannedtheexactmomentswhenthemooncouldjointhequeue.Itwasverysuccessful,especiallybecausetheMoonwasinawaxingphase.Thismeantthatinthephoto,notonlywasitscrescent(新月)litup,butsowastheleftpart,itsshadowedside.Thatpartislitbyreflectedlight,alsoknownastheDaVinciglow,namedafterhimbecausehewastheonewhotheorizedaboutwhytheMoon’sshadowedsideisbrightened.DuringtheearlydaysofthewaxingMoonphases,theshadowedpartisvisiblebecausetheSun’slightreflectsofftheEarthandhitstheMoon’sshadowedside,givingitagreyish,silverycolor.ThisallowedthelighttooutlineMonvisoontheleftaswell.1.WhydidValeriosendthephototoNASA?A.Hetookaninterestinastronomicaladvances.B.Heexpectedtocreateanimpactonsocialmedia.C.Hereceivedbroadsupportfromenthusiasticfans.D.Hewishedtomakehishometownatouristhotspot.2.InValerio’sphoto,thethreeobjects.

A.shinelightoneachotherB.standinastraightlineC.fiteachotherinsizeD.varyfromtheusualincolor3.WhatdidValeriodotopreparefortheperfectphoto?A.StudyinghowtheMoonphasechanges.B.CalculatingtheSuperga-Monvisodistance.C.Analyzingwhentoadjustthecameraangle.D.Measuringtheheightoftheobservationpoint.4.WhatwaslitupbytheDaVinciglow?A.Theoutlineofthecrescent.B.TheoutlineofSuperga.C.ThedarksideoftheMoon.D.TheshadowedsideoftheEarth.FryingFrenchfriesinspacemaybepossible,accordingtoarecentstudybyAristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,Greece.OnEarth,wehavegravityandbuoyancy(浮力).Gravitymakessurethattheoilstaysinthecooker,andbuoyancyallowsthebubblesthatcomeoutofthefriestotravelupwardsothatthefriesarecooked.Inspace,whichisundermicrogravity,thereisnobuoyancy.Soscientistsforlongbelievedthatfryingwasn’tpossible.Theresearchteamfirstdesignedasealedcontainerthatcouldfrythepotatosafelyinzerogravityandthentooktheresearchersonaride.Theplaneclimbedup,andthen,atacertainpoint,headeddownjustlikearollercoaster.Therewereabout20secondsofmicrogravitywhentheplanereachedthehighestpoint,duringwhichtheteamdidtests.Totheirsurprise,thefrieswerecooked,andthebubbleswereabletoescape.Whenthepotatowasfried,thewaterinsidethepotatoturnedintovapor(水蒸氣).Thevaporcreatedpressurewhenreleasedfromthepotato.Thepressureinsidethepotatoallowedthebubblestogooutandlettheoilcomein,accordingtotheresearchpaper.Itshowedthat“fryingcanoccurinspace”.Thisisn’tthefirstattemptforscientiststodeep-fryFrenchfriesin“space”.Earlyin2014,agroupofresearchersconductedstudiesundervariousgravity.Theagency’slargecentrifuge(離心機(jī))cancreateartificialgravityfrom1to20g,with“g”referringtothegravitationalaccelerationatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Ithasfourarmsandcanspinfast.Duringthespin,thingsheldbythearmareundercentrifugalforce,whichisthesourceofartificialgravity.Thefrieswerecookedunderdifferentgravityfrom1to9g.TheydiscoveredthattheFrenchfrieshadthemostcrispy(脆的)chipsunder3g.It’sinterestingtomentionthatJupiter’sgravityis2.4timesthatofEarth’sgravity.So,FrenchfriesmayhavetheperfecttasteifcookedonJupiter,comparedwithotherplanetsinthesolarsystem.5.WhatmaymakefryingFrenchFriespossibleinspace?A.Thereleaseofbubbles.B.Thetransformationofgravity.C.Thereductionofvapor.D.Theaccumulationofbuoyancy.6.Whydidtheplaneheaddownlikearollercoaster?A.Tomakeaweightlesssense.B.Togetappropriatepressure.C.Totestthesealofthecontainer.D.Tocreateexperimentconditions.7.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthestudiesconductedin2014?A.Toshowthefunctionofthecentrifuge.B.Tofindcommongroundofvariousexperiments.C.ToprovetheperfecttasteofFrenchfriesonJupiter.D.TooffermoreevidenceaboutcookingFrenchfriesinspace.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencemagazine.B.Acookbook.C.Afoodadvertisement.D.Atravelbrochure.Ⅱ.完形填空PhotographersfromChinawereamongthetopprizewinnersatthe14thAstronomyPhotographeroftheYearcompetition,organizedbytheRoyalObservatoryGreenwich,inLondon.Chinesephotographersfeaturedsignificantlyandwon1inthreecategoriesandoneoftheindividualawards,withthemostremarkable2beingtheyoungphotographeraward,jointlywonbyYangHanwenandZhouZezhen,bothaged14,fortheir3:AndromedaGalaxy:TheNeighbor.

Theofficialawardsnewsreleasedescribedtheirpictureas“a4photographofoneoftheMilkyWay’sclosestandlargestneighbors”thatshowedthelively5ofanearbygalaxy,starspiercing(穿透)throughthe6andemphasizedthewonderofthemagnificentsight.

Theimagewas7byLaszloFrancsics,oneofthisyear’sjudges.“Itisanexcellentsight8byyoungChineseteenagers,whoalsodemonstratetheirextraordinarytalentin9adeep-skyphoto,”saysFrancsics.

Hanwen,oneofthetwoChinesewinners,says,“Ithinkthisphotoshowshow10ournearestneighboris.”“Oneofthemainfunctions(功能)ofthecompetitionisto11morepeopletofallinlovewithastronomybyshowingthebeautyofthe12,”saysZezhen,theotherteenagerwhowontheaward.

“The13forthecompetitionisincrediblyhigh,”saysEdBloomer,anastronomer.“Itwasreallysatisfyingtoseehowmanycompetitors14themselvestocaptureunusual,rarelyimagedor15events:Therearesomethingsyouwon’thaveseenbefore,andevensomethingsthatwon’tbeseenagain.”

1.A.diplomas B.fortunesC.titles D.prizes2.A.effect B.motivationC.success D.enthusiasm3.A.imagination B.imageC.exploration D.reflection4.A.fascinating B.terrifyingC.puzzling D.disturbing5.A.colors B.shapesC.structures D.sizes6.A.temperature B.darknessC.coldness D.cloud7.A.presented B.storedC.highlighted D.introduced8.A.created B.predictedC.tracked D.observed9.A.processing B.analyzingC.designing D.appreciating10.A.quiet B.beautifulC.distant D.mysterious11.A.demand B.persuadeC.allow D.attract12.A.atmosphere B.environmentC.universe D.earth13.A.standard B.intentionC.desire D.application14.A.enjoyed B.challengedC.treated D.devoted15.A.slight B.ordinaryC.familiar D.temporaryⅢ.語法填空TheShenzhouXVIcrewmemberssharedtheirspacestorieswiththepublicafterthe1.(five)crewedmissiontothespacestation2.(involve)China’sfirstcivilianastronaut.

“Ifeltparticularlyhappytoflywiththediversecrewmembers,which3.thefirsttimeincludedapilot,anengineer,andapayloadspecialist,”MajorGeneralJingHaipeng,57,saidat4.newsconferenceheldinBeijing.

Jingalsorevealedthat,unlikehispreviousspacemissions,heactuallygainedweightbytheendofthisone.“Westrictlyfollowedourexerciseanddietaryplans,whichis5.ourphysicalandmentalconditionswere6.(exception)good.”

FlightengineerZhuYangzhusaidthathisprimary7.(responsible)wereassemblingandmaintainingthespacestation’sequipmentandthegreatestchallengewastoensure“zeromistakesindailyoperations”duringthefive-monthmission.

ProfessorGuiHaichaosaidhewassoproud,asthefirstcivilianastronaut8.(enter)China’sownspacestationandcon