2025年英語(yǔ)高考閱讀理解詞匯解析：高頻詞匯記憶技巧考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearetensentences,eachblankindicatingthatsomethinghasbeenomitted.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethemostsuitablewordforeachblankfromthefouroptionsgivenbelow.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,servingasthecommandcenterforvirtuallyallourthoughts,emotions,andactions.Itisestimatedthatthebraincontainsapproximately86billionneurons,eachinterconnectedwiththousandsofotherstoformvastneuralnetworks.Thesenetworksfacilitatecommunicationthroughelectricalandchemicalsignals,enablingustolearn,remember,andinteractwiththeworldaroundus.Oneofthemostremarkableaspectsofthebrainisitsabilitytoadaptandchange,aphenomenonknownasneuroplasticity.Throughoutourlives,thebraincanreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections,allowingustoacquirenewskillsandrecoverfrominjuries.Forinstance,whenwelearnamusicalinstrument,specificareasofthebrainassociatedwithmusicprocessingbecomemoreactiveandmayevengrowinsize.However,thebrain'splasticityisnotwithoutlimits.Certaincriticalperiodsindevelopmentarecrucialforspecificskillsandfunctionstoemerge.Missingoutonthesewindowscanmakeitmoredifficulttoacquirecertainabilitieslaterinlife.Additionally,whilethebraincanrecoverfromsomedamage,severeinjuriesorneurodegenerativediseasescanhavelastingimpacts,highlightingtheimportanceofbrainhealthandprotection.Understandingthebrain'sstructureandfunctioniskeytoappreciatingitscapabilitiesandvulnerabilities.Theprefrontalcortex,forexample,playsavitalroleindecision-making,planning,andimpulsecontrol.Damagetothisareacanresultinsignificantchangestopersonalityandbehavior.Similarly,thehippocampusisessentialforformingnewmemories,anditsimpairmentcanleadtodifficultiesinlearningandrecall.Researchintothebraincontinuestoadvanceourknowledgeatarapidpace.TechniquessuchasfMRIandPETscansallowscientiststoobservebrainactivityinreal-time,providinginsightsintohowdifferentregionsworktogether.Thisongoingresearchnotonlyenhancesourunderstandingofnormalbrainfunctionbutalsoaidsinthedevelopmentoftreatmentsforneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.Despitetheprogress,thereremainsmuchmoretolearnaboutthebrain.Manyofitsmysteries,suchastheexactmechanismsbehindconsciousnessandconsciousnessitself,arestillnotfullyunderstood.Yet,thecontinuedexplorationofthebrainpromisestoyieldevengreaterbreakthroughsinthefuture,potentiallytransformingourapproachestoeducation,medicine,andtheverywayweunderstandourselves.Neuroplasticityenablesthebrainto1._______.Thisadaptabilityisparticularlyevidentwhenwe2._______anewlanguage,asdifferentbrainregionsbecomemoreengagedandinterconnected.Thebrain'scapacitytorewireitselfisatestamenttoits3._______.However,thisflexibilityhas4._______,ascertaindevelopmentalperiodsareoptimalforacquiringspecificskills.Forexample,childrenwhoareexposedtomusicearlyinlifetendtodevelopstrongermusicalabilitiescomparedtothosewhoarenot.Thebrain'sabilitytoadaptalsomeansitcan5._______fromsomeinjuries,aprocessknownasfunctionalrecovery.Nevertheless,severedamagecanleadto6._______impairments,underscoringtheneedfor7._______brainhealth.ScientistsuseadvancedimagingtechniqueslikefMRIto8._______howvariouspartsofthebrainfunctionsimultaneously.Thisresearchnotonlydeepensourcomprehensionof9._______butalsocontributestothedevelopmentoftherapiesforconditionslikeAlzheimer'sdisease.Despitesignificantadvancements,thebrainremainslargely10._______,withmanyfundamentalquestionsaboutconsciousnessanditsunderlyingprocessesstillawaitingdiscovery.A.limitedB.transformC.matureD.harnessE.utilizeF.shapeG.emergeH.deteriorateI.investigateJ.interactdirections:Readthepassagebelowcarefully.Intheblanksnumbered11to20,writedownthewordthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachofthesentences.Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedimmenseprominenceinrecentyears,asglobalchallengessuchasclimatechange,resourcedepletion,andenvironmentaldegradationhavebecomeincreasinglyurgent.Atitscore,sustainabilityreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachencompassesenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensions,emphasizingtheinterconnectednessofhumanactivitiesandtheirimpactontheplanet.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowweproduceandconsumegoodsandservices.Traditionalindustrialmodels,whichoftenprioritizeshort-termeconomicgainsoverlong-termenvironmentalandsocialwell-being,arenolongerviable.Instead,sustainablepracticesadvocatefortheuseofrenewableenergysources,thereductionofwasteandpollution,andtheconservationofnaturalresources.Businessesthatembracesustainabilitynotonlycontributetoahealthierplanetbutalsooftenenjoyenhancedreputationandcustomerloyalty.Individualsalsoplayacrucialroleinadvancingsustainability.Simpleactionssuchasreducingenergyconsumption,minimizingwaste,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingeco-friendlyproductscancollectivelymakeasignificantdifference.Educationandawarenessarekeytoempoweringpeopletomakeinformedchoicesthatalignwithsustainableprinciples.Governmentsandpolicymakershaveaparticularlyimportantresponsibilitytocreateframeworksandincentivesthatencouragesustainablepracticesacrossallsectorsofsociety.Thetransitiontoasustainablefutureiscomplexandmultifaceted,involvingchallengesandopportunities.Itrequirescollaborationamonggovernments,businesses,communities,andindividuals.Innovationintechnologyandsustainableagriculture,forinstance,canprovideviablesolutionstomanyoftheenvironmentalproblemsweface.Moreover,thepursuitofsustainabilitycandriveeconomicgrowthbycreatingnewmarketsandjobsingreenindustries.Whilethepathforwardmaybedemanding,thebenefitsofasustainableworldareundeniableandessentialforthewell-beingofcurrentandfuturegenerations.11.Theincreasingawarenessofglobalissueshas11._______theimportanceofsustainabilityinpublicdiscourse.12.Sustainablepracticesencouragethe12._______ofrenewableenergysourcesandthereductionofgreenhousegasemissions.13.Companiesthatadoptsustainablemethodsoftenseeanimprovementintheir13._______andbrandimage.14.Governmentsneedtoimplementpoliciesthat14._______sustainablebehaviorsandtechnologies.15.Educatingthepublicisessentialfor15._______peopletomakeenvironmentallyresponsiblechoices.16.Theshifttowardssustainabilitydemandsa16._______inourconsumptionpatternsandproductionmethods.17.Environmentaldegradationposesasignificantthreattothe17._______ofecosystemsandbiodiversity.18.Sustainableagricultureaimstomeetfoodneedswithout18._______thelong-termproductivityoftheland.19.Collaborationamongvariousstakeholdersiscrucialfor19._______effectiveandscalablesolutions.20.Thedevelopmentofgreentechnologiesoffersapromisingpathwayto20._______economicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.directions:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththemostappropriateendingfromthefourchoicesgiven.Writethecorrespondingletteronyouranswersheet.21.Thesuccessofanyteamdependslargelyonthe21._______andeffectivenessofitscommunication.A.clarityB.complexityC.frequencyD.duration22.Despitefacingnumerousobstacles,sheremained22._______anddeterminedtoachievehergoals.A.discouragedB.enthusiasticC.pessimisticD.resilient23.Thenewpolicyaimstoreduceincomeinequalityandpromote23._______amongallcitizens.A.povertyB.disparityC.equalityD.stability24.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavesignificantlyimprovedpatientoutcomesand24._______ofhealthcareservices.A.accessibilityB.affordabilityC.efficiencyD.availability25.Thenovelpresentsavividportrayaloflifeina25._______andrapidlychangingsociety.A.stagnantB.developingC.conservativeD.modernizeddirections:Readthepassagebelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided.Inmanycultures,traditionalcraftsplayavitalroleinpreservingheritageandfosteringcommunityidentity.Thesecrafts,whichofteninvolveintricatetechniquespasseddownthroughgenerations,arenotmerelyproductsbutcarriersofculturalhistoryandvalues.Frompotteryandweavingtocarpentryandmetalwork,eachcraftreflectstheuniqueaestheticsensibilitiesandpracticalneedsofitsoriginatingcommunity.However,inthefaceofglobalizationandindustrialization,traditionalcraftsareincreasinglythreatened.Mass-producedgoods,whichareoftencheaperandmorereadilyavailable,haveovershadowedhandmadeitems.Thisshifthasledtoadeclineindemandfortraditionalcrafts,forcingmanyartisanstoabandontheirskillsorstruggletofindamarket.Thelossofthesecraftswouldrepresentasignificantlossofculturaldiversityandintangibleheritage.Effortsarebeingmadetorevitalizetraditionalcraftsandensuretheirsurvival.Governmentinitiativesoftenprovidefinancialsupportandtrainingprogramsforartisans.Culturalorganizationsandmuseumsalsoplayacrucialrolebydocumentingandpromotingthesecrafts.Additionally,thereisagrowingmovementofconsumerswhoappreciatethevalueofhandmadegoodsandarewillingtopayapremiumforitemsthatcarryculturalsignificance.Socialmediaandonlineplatformshavefurtherhelpedartisansreachawideraudienceandconnectwithpeoplewhosharetheirpassion.Therevivaloftraditionalcraftsoffersmorethanjusteconomicbenefits.Itstrengthenscommunitybonds,providessustainablelivelihoodsforartisans,andkeepsculturaltraditionsalive.Bysupportingtraditionalcrafts,wenotonlypreservetangibleheritagebutalsohonorthewisdomandcreativityofpastgenerations.Moreover,thesecraftsoftenserveasasourceofinspirationforcontemporarydesignersandartists,bridgingthegapbetweenpastandpresent.Ensuringthecontinuityoftraditionalcraftsis,therefore,essentialformaintainingculturalrichnessandidentityinanincreasinglyhomogenizedworld.26.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemaincharacteristicsoftraditionalcrafts?27.Whataretheprimarychallengesfacedbytraditionalcraftsinthemodernworld?28.Howaregovernmentsandculturalorganizationscontributingtothepreservationoftraditionalcrafts?29.Whataresomeofthebenefitsofrevivingtraditionalcraftsforcommunitiesandindividuals?30.Thepassagesuggeststhattraditionalcraftscaninspirecontemporarycreativity.Howdoesthishappen?---試卷答案1.D解析：句意“神經(jīng)可塑性使大腦能夠______”。根據(jù)后文描述大腦適應(yīng)和改變的能力，以及學(xué)習(xí)、恢復(fù)等實(shí)例，可知大腦能“利用”這種能力來(lái)適應(yīng)環(huán)境、學(xué)習(xí)新技能。harness（利用，開(kāi)發(fā)）符合句意。2.F解析：句意“當(dāng)我們______一種新語(yǔ)言時(shí)”。根據(jù)后文提到不同大腦區(qū)域變得更投入和相互連接，以及大腦的可塑性，可知是在“塑造”大腦的連接和功能以適應(yīng)新語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)。shape（塑造）符合句意。3.F解析：句意“這種適應(yīng)性證明了大腦的______”。前文提到大腦能夠適應(yīng)和改變，形成新的神經(jīng)連接，這是一種強(qiáng)大的能力。shape（塑造，適應(yīng)）在此處引申為塑造自身以適應(yīng)環(huán)境，符合句意。4.A解析：句意“這種靈活性有______”。根據(jù)后文提到特定發(fā)育時(shí)期對(duì)獲得特定技能至關(guān)重要，以及早期接觸音樂(lè)能發(fā)展更強(qiáng)音樂(lè)能力的例子，說(shuō)明這種適應(yīng)能力是“有限的”，并非隨時(shí)有效。limited（有限的）符合句意。5.E解析：句意“大腦也能______從一些損傷中”。根據(jù)后文提到嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷會(huì)導(dǎo)致永久性損害，強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)大腦健康，可知大腦在一定程度上能“利用”其可塑性從損傷中恢復(fù)。utilize（利用）符合句意。6.H解析：句意“嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷會(huì)導(dǎo)致______的損害”。根據(jù)后文強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)大腦健康的重要性，以及前文提到大腦能從損傷中恢復(fù)，可知嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷會(huì)導(dǎo)致功能“惡化”或受損。deteriorate（惡化）符合句意。7.C解析：句意“強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)______大腦健康”。根據(jù)上下文，特別是提到大腦能從損傷中恢復(fù)，但嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷會(huì)造成問(wèn)題，因此需要保護(hù)的是大腦的長(zhǎng)期“成熟”和健康狀態(tài)。mature（成熟）在此處指代大腦的成熟和健康發(fā)展。8.I解析：句意“科學(xué)家使用先進(jìn)成像技術(shù)如fMRI來(lái)______大腦如何同時(shí)運(yùn)作”。根據(jù)上下文，fMRI等技術(shù)是用來(lái)觀察和研究大腦不同區(qū)域的功能活動(dòng)。investigate（調(diào)查，研究）符合句意。9.F解析：句意“這項(xiàng)研究不僅加深了我們對(duì)______的理解”。根據(jù)前文提到研究不僅理解正常功能，還幫助治療疾病，可知加深的是對(duì)大腦工作機(jī)制的“理解”。understand（理解）符合句意，此處用動(dòng)詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。10.J解析：句意“大腦在很大程度上仍然是______”。根據(jù)后文提到許多關(guān)于意識(shí)的基本問(wèn)題仍待解答，可知大腦仍然是一個(gè)充滿未解之謎的領(lǐng)域，需要進(jìn)一步“互動(dòng)”（探索，研究）。interact（互動(dòng)，此處引申為探索研究）符合句意。11.E解析：句意“日益增長(zhǎng)的全球意識(shí)使可持續(xù)性在公共討論中變得______”。awareness（意識(shí)到）與importance（重要性）搭配不當(dāng)，應(yīng)是increasingawarenesshashighlighted/elevatedtheimportance.但選項(xiàng)中只有Eutilize（利用），考慮上下文意思，可能是題目設(shè)置問(wèn)題，若必須選，則需結(jié)合其他題推斷，但E在此處最不合適。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，discouraged（氣餒的）,enthusiastic（熱情的）,pessimistic（悲觀的）都不符合。可能是utilize被誤放，若理解為makeutilizeof,則勉強(qiáng)可以，但不是最佳。重新審視，utilize強(qiáng)調(diào)利用其重要性，也有可能。保留。12.A解析：句意“可持續(xù)實(shí)踐鼓勵(lì)______可再生能源”。renewableenergysources（可再生能源）前需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，encourage（鼓勵(lì)）+動(dòng)名詞。Aclarity（清晰度）不符合。應(yīng)是encouragetheuse/utilization.但選項(xiàng)中只有A。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Breduction（減少）與renewableenergy不搭配；Cimprovement（改善）不符合；Dimplementation（實(shí)施）不符合。可能是題目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，A相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。13.A解析：句意“采用可持續(xù)方法的公司通常會(huì)看到其______和品牌形象改善”。reputation（聲譽(yù)）和brandimage（品牌形象）都是名詞，需要?jiǎng)釉~+reputation/brandimage。Aclarity（清晰度）不符合。應(yīng)是improvetheirreputationandbrandimage.但選項(xiàng)中只有A。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Bcomplexity（復(fù)雜性）不符合；Cfrequency（頻率）不符合；Dduration（持續(xù)時(shí)間）不符合?？赡苁穷}目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，A相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。14.C解析：句意“政府需要實(shí)施政策來(lái)______可持續(xù)行為”。policies（政策）旨在incentivize（激勵(lì)）或promote（促進(jìn)）behaviors（行為）。Cfrequency（頻率）不符合。應(yīng)是incentivize/promotesustainablebehaviors.但選項(xiàng)中只有C。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Aclarity（清晰度）不符合；Bcomplexity（復(fù)雜性）不符合；Dduration（持續(xù)時(shí)間）不符合?？赡苁穷}目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，C相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。15.E解析：句意“教育是讓人們做出負(fù)責(zé)任的環(huán)境選擇的關(guān)鍵”。educate（教育）+賓語(yǔ)+todosth.。Eutilize（利用）不符合。應(yīng)是educatepeopletomakeenvironmentallyresponsiblechoices.但選項(xiàng)中只有E。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Adiscouraged（氣餒的）不符合；Benthusiastic（熱情的）不符合；Cpessimistic（悲觀的）不符合。可能是題目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，E相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。16.A解析：句意“向可持續(xù)性轉(zhuǎn)變要求我們?cè)谙M(fèi)模式和生產(chǎn)方法上進(jìn)行______”。shift（轉(zhuǎn)變）常與in/on搭配，指在某個(gè)方面發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。Aclarity（清晰度）不符合。應(yīng)是shiftinourconsumptionpatternsandproductionmethods.但選項(xiàng)中只有A。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Bcomplexity（復(fù)雜性）不符合；Cfrequency（頻率）不符合；Dduration（持續(xù)時(shí)間）不符合?？赡苁穷}目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，A相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。17.E解析：句意“環(huán)境退化對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的______構(gòu)成重大威脅”。degradation（退化）威脅的是ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）的integrity（完整性）或health（健康）。Eutilize（利用）不符合。應(yīng)是threatenstheintegrity/healthofecosystems.但選項(xiàng)中只有E。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Adiscouraged（氣餒的）不符合；Benthusiastic（熱情的）不符合；Cpessimistic（悲觀的）不符合?？赡苁穷}目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，E相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。18.E解析：句意“可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)旨在滿足食物需求而不______土地的長(zhǎng)期生產(chǎn)力”。sustainableagriculture（可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)）的目標(biāo)是withoutdepleting（耗盡）或damaging（損害）thelong-termproductivityoftheland.Eutilize（利用）不符合。應(yīng)是withoutdepleting/damaging.但選項(xiàng)中只有E。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Apoverty（貧困）不符合；Bdisparity（差異）不符合；Cequality（平等）不符合；Dstability（穩(wěn)定性）不符合。可能是題目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，E相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。19.C解析：句意“各利益相關(guān)者之間的合作對(duì)于______有效和可擴(kuò)展的解決方案至關(guān)重要”。collaboration（合作）是keyto（對(duì)...至關(guān)重要）developing（開(kāi)發(fā)）effectiveandscalablesolutions（有效和可擴(kuò)展的解決方案）。Cequality（平等）不符合。應(yīng)是collaborationiscrucialfordeveloping.但選項(xiàng)中只有C。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Apoverty（貧困）不符合；Bdisparity（差異）不符合；Dstability（穩(wěn)定性）不符合。可能是題目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，C相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。20.B解析：句意“綠色技術(shù)的發(fā)展為_(kāi)_____經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)提供了有希望的途徑”。greentechnologies（綠色技術(shù)）有助于promote（促進(jìn)）economicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)）。Bdisparity（差異）不符合。應(yīng)是promoteeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.但選項(xiàng)中只有B。檢查其他選項(xiàng)，Apoverty（貧困）不符合；Cequality（平等）不符合；Dstability（穩(wěn)定性）不符合?？赡苁穷}目設(shè)置問(wèn)題。若必須選，B相對(duì)最不差，但非最佳。21.A解析：句意“任何團(tuán)隊(duì)的成c?ngph?thu?cl?nvàogiaoti?pc?anóv?m?t______vàhi?uqu?”。successdependsoncommunicationregardingitsclarity（清晰度）andeffectiveness.Clarity（清晰度）是溝通的重要方面。Aclarity（清晰度）符合句意。22.D解析：句意“盡管面臨許多障礙，她仍然______并決心實(shí)現(xiàn)她的目標(biāo)”。despiteobstacles,sheremained+adjective+anddetermined.Facedwithdifficult