第二部分完形填空和語(yǔ)法填空技法一如何確定名詞的詞形變化名詞的變化主要包括名詞變復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格和名詞的詞形變化。第2講有提示詞類——名詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞考查方向解題思路名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1.有數(shù)詞或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，anumberof等詞修飾時(shí)，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.前有“oneof”修飾時(shí)，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則作主語(yǔ)的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練1.(2022·江西九江二模)AnumberofOlympichigh______________(technology)havebeenappliedforthefirsttimeinBeijingtoensureitsgoalofcarbonneutrality.2.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe

_________(human)are.3.“Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancial________(activity)inhumanhistory，”saidresearchers，addingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.technologieshumansactivities考查方向解題思路名詞所有格提示詞與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮名詞所有格。單數(shù)名詞或不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞尾加’s；以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞尾加’。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練4.TheseYungang____________(researcher)

attemptisagoodexampleoftechnologyhelpingtopreserveculturalheritage.researchers’考查方向解題思路名詞變形容詞提示詞為名詞，如果作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞或前面有比較級(jí)修飾，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。一般在名詞詞尾加后綴-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly；-ous等構(gòu)成形容詞，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練5.(2021·全國(guó)乙)Provide_________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.6.(2022·全國(guó)甲)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).financialmeaningful考查方向解題思路名詞變動(dòng)詞提示詞為名詞，如果作謂語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)，則一般考查名詞變動(dòng)詞。一般在名詞詞尾加后綴-en；-ize或前綴en-等構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練7.Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexercisesto

__________(strength)yourlegmuscles，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.strengthen附表名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

變化規(guī)則典型例詞規(guī)則變化一般在詞尾加s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x等結(jié)尾的單詞，則加estrees，bikes，books，buses，watches，boxes，bushes輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加es；元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，則直接加sbabies，families，boys，plays以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro，hero)、兩菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加sradios，photos以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，通常把f，fe變?yōu)関再加eswives，knives，wolves特殊變化man→men，woman→women；tooth→teeth，foot→feet；child→children；mouse→mice單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese，Japanese，people，sheep，deer，fish注意

1.除了上表中的情況以外，還有一些特殊變化的名詞如：German→Germans

human→humans

stomach→stomachs

chief→chiefs

belief→beliefs2.兩個(gè)名詞組成的合成詞一般只變后一個(gè)名詞，如appletrees，factoryworkers；但是和man，woman組成的合成詞兩個(gè)詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)，如womenteachers，mendoctors考查方向解題思路人稱代詞1.提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they等)形式。2.提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞賓格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them等)形式。技法二如何確定代詞的詞形變化針對(duì)訓(xùn)練1.Sheshowed

_______(they)themicrowave，waterdispenser(飲水機(jī))andrefrigeratorinthespacekitchen.them考查方向解題思路物主代詞1.提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞(my，our，your，his，her，its，their等)形式。2.提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且表示擁有者時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮名詞性物主代詞(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形式。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練2.All____(we)yuanxiaoarehandmade，becauseitistheonlywaytomaintainthetraditionalflavor.3.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin

______(I).ourmine考查方向解題思路反身代詞提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)該詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，且和主語(yǔ)是同一人時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮反身代詞(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves等)形式。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練4.Althoughseveralhundredpeoplehaveclaimed___________(they)aseyewitnessesofsomegiantapelikecreaturesinShennongjia，thereisnotangibleevidencetoconfirmtheexistenceofa“wildman”.themselves考查方向解題思路形容詞變副詞、名詞1.若空格處的詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，應(yīng)考慮副詞形式。2.若空格處在動(dòng)詞前作主語(yǔ)或介詞或形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)考慮名詞形式。技法三如何確定形容詞和副詞的詞形變化針對(duì)訓(xùn)練1.(2022·浙江1月)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample，________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.2.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)Filledwith

_________(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.roughlycuriosity考查方向解題思路形容詞、副詞變反義詞根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系，確定句意表否定時(shí)，可以添加否定前綴(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后綴(-less等)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練3.Overthepastdecades，thecountryhaslostmorethan30%ofitsforestcoverdueto_______(legal)logging.illegal考查方向解題思路形容詞、副詞變比較級(jí)1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，alittle，abit，alot，agreatdeal，than等標(biāo)志性詞時(shí)應(yīng)考慮用比較級(jí)。2.句型“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”表示“越……，就越……”。3.句型“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。4.“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義。5.句中如果沒(méi)有標(biāo)志詞，但暗含比較級(jí)的意思，也需要用比較級(jí)。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練4.(2021·浙江6月)Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch

_______(small)

thanitistoday.5.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets，the_______(hot)thespring！6.—Didyouhaveagoodsleeplastnight？—Yes，neversleep______(well).7.(2022·安徽馬鞍山二模)Comparedwithotherprovinces，theyarealso________(large)innumber，andhavebiggerimpact.smallerhotterbetterlarger考查方向解題思路形容詞、副詞變最高級(jí)1.設(shè)空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in，of，among等時(shí)，用最高級(jí)。2.設(shè)空前有oneofthe，the＋序數(shù)詞等修飾詞時(shí)，用最高級(jí)。3.句中如果沒(méi)有標(biāo)志詞，但暗含最高級(jí)的意思，也需要用最高級(jí)。針對(duì)訓(xùn)練8.China’snew-generationhigh-speedtrain，theFuxingHao，isnowoneofthe

_______(fast)trainsintheworld.9.(2022·全國(guó)甲)Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’s________(high)mountain.fastesthighest附表1形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則典型例詞一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加-lyquick→quickly，anxious→anxiously以輔音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉e再加-lyimmediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly以輔音字母＋le結(jié)尾的形容詞要去掉e再加-ypossible→possibly，probable→probably以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily，healthy→healthily以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加-allyeconomic→economically，basic→basically以-ll結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加-yfull→fully，dull→dully注意以下單詞是特殊的形式：whole-wholly

public-publicly

shy-shyly附表2形容詞、副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er，-esttallgreattallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stnicesimplenicersimplernicestsimplest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i，再加-er，-esteasybusyeasierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，末尾加-er，-estclevernarrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)importanteasilymoreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily隨堂演練Group1達(dá)標(biāo)練1.Afterreformandopening-up，teahousesfloweredinChinawiththedevelopmentoftheeconomyandevidentimprovementof__________(people)livingstandards.小題練基礎(chǔ)people’s2.(2022·福建莆田質(zhì)檢)Ahighlightofthevillagesisthedininghalls，whichwilloffer678dishestoathletesfromdiversecultural____________(background).3.Asisshowninthecommentsoftheaudience，thespiritsoftheheroeswhofoughtbloodilyforourcountryandthepeoplehavearoused______(they)nationalprideandremindedthemtovaluetoday’speacefullife.backgroundstheir4.Bytheageof23，shehasvisitedallthecountriesinanefforttochallenge_______(she)andpushthelimitsofwhatshebelievedwaspossibleforafemaletraveler.5.Butthemost_________(value)experienceofallwasdiscoveringanewsenseofindependence，shesaid.6.ItwasthefirstroadinChinawiththreecoloreddividinglines，andhas____________(successful)appliedfornationalintellectualpropertycertification.herselfvaluablesuccessfully7.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool，beforeyoumakeanychoiceaboutyour________(far)education.8.Asaresult，Chinahasthefourth_______(large)numberofmuseumsintheworldnexttotheUnitedStates，GermanyandJapan.furtherlargest9.(2022·江西八校聯(lián)考)Accordingtoofficialstatistics，over346millionChinesepeoplehaveparticipatedinwintersportstraining，amateuror___________(profession)competitions，orwintersportsleisureactivities，surpassingthegoalof300millionthegovernmentsetin2015whenBeijingwontheOlympicbid.10.(2022·江西九江二模)China’scommitmenttoengage300millionpeopleinwintersportshasalreadybecomea_______(real).professionalrealityGroup2真題練1.AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay，thebirthplaceofteaandthe________(large)tea-producingcountry，Chinahasa_____________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.(2022·全國(guó)乙)2.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，opening_____(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.(2022·全國(guó)乙)largestresponsibilityits3.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，and__________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)4.Whydowedream？Scientistsaren’tcompletelysure，andtheyhavediverse______(idea).(2021·北京)5....wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat______(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory！(2021·全國(guó)甲)populationseventuallyideasbetter6.Itwill____________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!

(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)7.Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，including______(low)levelsofincomeandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)8.Itiscalculatedbydividinga__________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)undoubtedlylowerperson’s9.Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine__________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)10.Historical_________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)themselvesaccuracyAYangLiu，a25-year-oldinheritorofsinglebamboodrifting(獨(dú)竹漂)，hasgivenover3,000performancesofthetraditionalsportacrossChinainthepast10years.Shedesires1.________________(familiarize)peoplewithitnotjustinthecountrybuttheentireworld.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，講述了獨(dú)竹漂傳承人楊柳的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。語(yǔ)篇提能力tofamiliarize考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。desire后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填tofamiliarize。Bornand2.

(bring)upinZunyi，Guizhou，Yangstartedlearningdriftingonabamboopoleonthewaterwhenshewasseven.brought考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是started，所以設(shè)空處動(dòng)詞需填非謂語(yǔ)形式，由于動(dòng)詞bring和Yang是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以bring需用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填brought。Inthe3.

(begin)，shetreateditjustasawaytokeepfit.考查名詞。inthebeginning是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“起初”。故填beginning。beginningButlateron，shedeveloped4.

interestwhenshemanagedtopulloffsomebasicdancemoveswhiledriftingonthewater.考查冠詞。結(jié)合句意可知，她后來(lái)將獨(dú)竹漂培養(yǎng)成一種愛(ài)好，所以interest前需加不定冠詞，由于interest發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以此處應(yīng)填an。故填an。an5.

eachbraveattempt，herconfidencegrew.考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

eachbraveattempt充當(dāng)?shù)氖前殡S狀語(yǔ)，“with＋名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)符合條件，又因?yàn)榫涫鬃帜敢髮?，故填With。WithShe6.

(late)appliedtraditionalChinesecostumes，Hanfu，toherperformances.AgirlinHanfudancingonthewater—itwasasighttobehold.考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填副詞，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子。later是副詞，意為“后來(lái)”，可充當(dāng)該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填later。later7.

Yangdidn’tjuststopthere.考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，設(shè)空處前后之間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，需填表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but。句首字母要大寫。故填But。ButHavingasoftcornerinherheartfor8.

(disable)people，sheintegratedsignlanguageintoherdance，thusnotonlypromotingChineseculture，butalsotellingpeoplethat“aslongasyouarewillingtomake9.

(attempt)，youcanalsofindyourvalue.”

8.考查形容詞。由設(shè)空處后面的“signlanguage”可知，她融入手語(yǔ)到舞蹈當(dāng)中，所以此處指的是身患?xì)埣驳娜耍琩isabledpeople表示“殘障人士”。故填disabled。9.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填名詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)，此處可數(shù)名詞attempt前面沒(méi)有限定詞，所以需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填attempts。disabledattemptsSince2020，Yanghasbeenactivelypopularizingthetechniqueonsocialmediaplatforms，whereshe10.

(earn)millionsoffollowersandlikesfromhomeandabroad.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Since2020可知，設(shè)空處需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。從句主語(yǔ)she是單數(shù)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。故填hasearned。hasearnedBTheterm“China-Chic”characterizestheriseofChina’snativefashiontrends.Ithasexpandedtheconceptof“MadeinChina”，1.

isusuallyregardedastheassuranceofthequalityofproducts.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是“China--Chic”這個(gè)詞產(chǎn)生的背景。which考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，因此空格處填關(guān)系代詞which。Inrecentyears，“MadeinChina”has2.______________(increasing)beenrecognizedastherepresentationofChineseculture3.

(offer)byhomegrownChinesebrands，orsimply“China-Chic”.2.考查副詞?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾動(dòng)詞recognized，故填increasingly。3.考查過(guò)去分詞。句中謂語(yǔ)是“has

(increasing)beenrecognized”，空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由by可知，空格處用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，作后置定語(yǔ)。故填offered。increasinglyoffe