大學(xué)英語寫作邏輯推理能力提升試題及答案試題一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsacauseeffectrelationship?A.Helikesreadingnovels,andshelikeswatchingmovies.B.Theheavyrainlastedforalongtime,sothestreetswereflooded.C.Iwenttothelibraryandborrowedsomebooks.D.Tomistall,whileJackisshort.2.Ifwesay“Allmammalsbreatheair.Whalesaremammals.Therefore,whalesbreatheair.”,whatkindofreasoningisthis?A.InductivereasoningB.DeductivereasoningC.AnalogicalreasoningD.Circularreasoning3.Inthesentence“Thepriceofhouseshasbeenrisingrecently.Manypeoplecan'taffordtobuyahouse.So,thegovernmentshouldtakesomemeasurestocontrolthehousingprice.”,whatisthepurposeoftheauthor?A.TodescribeaphenomenonB.TogiveanexampleC.TomakeasuggestionD.Tomakeacomparison4.Whichofthefollowingcanstrengthentheargument“Regularexercisecanimprovepeople'shealth.Becauseitcanenhancetheimmunesystemandpromotebloodcirculation.”?A.Somepeopledon'tlikeexercise.B.Therearemanyotherwaystoimprovehealth.C.Arecentstudyshowsthatpeoplewhoexerciseregularlyarelesslikelytogetsick.D.Exercisemaycausesomeinjuries.5.Ifwewanttomakeananalogybetweenaschoolandafamily,whichofthefollowingstatementsisappropriate?A.Teachersarelikesoldiersinaschool.B.Studentsarelikeguestsinaschool.C.Teachersarelikeparentsinaschool.D.Theprincipalislikeawaiterinaschool.6.“MoststudentsinthisclasslikeEnglish.Lilyisastudentinthisclass.So,LilyprobablylikesEnglish.”Thisisanexampleof_.A.deductivereasoningwithacertaindegreeofprobabilityB.inductivereasoningC.circularreasoningD.counterargumentation7.Whenevaluatinganargument,whichofthefollowingisnotakeyfactor?A.ThecredibilityoftheevidenceB.TheemotionalappealofthelanguageC.ThelogicalconnectionbetweenthepremisesandtheconclusionD.Therelevanceoftheevidencetotheconclusion8.Whichofthefollowingsentencespresentsacontrast?A.Boththedogandthecatarelovelypets.B.Theweathertodayiswarm,butitwascoldyesterday.C.Hestudieshard,andheoftengetsgoodgrades.D.Shelikesmusic,andshealsolikespainting.9.“Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youshouldeatabalanceddiet.Youdon'teatabalanceddiet.So,youmaynotbehealthy.”Thisisanexampleof_.A.modusponensB.modustollensC.fallacyofaffirmingtheconsequentD.fallacyofdenyingtheantecedent10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestrefutetheargument“Allbirdscanfly.Penguinsarebirds.So,penguinscanfly.”?A.Penguinsareverycute.B.Penguinsliveincoldareas.C.Infact,penguinscannotfly.D.Someotherbirdscanflyveryfast.二、PassageReadingandReasoning（30分）Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestions.Inrecentyears,thenumberofprivatecarsincitieshasbeenincreasingrapidly.Thishasbroughtmanyproblems.Firstly,trafficcongestionhasbecomeaseriousissue.Withmoreandmorecarsontheroads,itoftentakesalongtimetogetfromoneplacetoanother.Secondly,airpollutionhasworsened.Carsemitalargeamountofharmfulgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxides,whichhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironmentandpeople'shealth.However,privatecarsalsohavesomeadvantages.Theyprovideconvenienceforpeople'stravel.Peoplecangowherevertheywantatanytimewithouthavingtowaitforpublictransportation.Moreover,privatecarscanenhancepeople'squalityoflife.Forexample,familiescangoonselfdrivingtoursduringholidays.1.Whataretheproblemscausedbytheincreaseinthenumberofprivatecars?(5points)2.Whataretheadvantagesofprivatecars?(5points)3.Basedonthepassage,doyouthinkthegovernmentshouldencourageorrestricttheuseofprivatecars?Giveyourreasons.(20points)三、ArgumentConstruction（30分）Constructanargumentonthetopic“Shouldstudentsbeallowedtousemobilephonesinschool?”Presentyourclaim,atleasttworeasonstosupportyourclaim,andappropriateevidenceforeachreason.四、ErrorIdentification（20分）Identifythelogicalerrorsinthefollowingstatementsandexplainwhytheyarewrong.1.“Isawtwopeoplefromthatcountrybeingrudeinthestreet.So,allpeoplefromthatcountryarerude.”2.“Ifitrains,thegroundwillbewet.Thegroundiswet.So,itmusthaverained.”答案一、單項選擇題1.Answer:BInoptionB,“Theheavyrainlastedforalongtime”isthecause,and“thestreetswereflooded”istheeffect,showingaclearcauseeffectrelationship.OptionAisjustlistingtwodifferentpreferences;optionCisasimplestatementoftwoconsecutiveactions;optionDismakingacomparison.2.Answer:BDeductivereasoningstartsfromgeneralprinciplesandreachesspecificconclusions.Here,“Allmammalsbreatheair”isageneralprinciple,“Whalesaremammals”isaspecificcase,and“whalesbreatheair”isthespecificconclusion.Inductivereasoningmovesfromspecificobservationstogeneralconclusions;analogicalreasoningisbasedonsimilaritiesbetweentwothings;circularreasoningusestheconclusionasapremise.3.Answer:CTheauthorfirstdescribesthephenomenonofrisinghousingpricesandpeople'sinabilitytoaffordhouses,andthenmakesasuggestionthat“thegovernmentshouldtakesomemeasurestocontrolthehousingprice”.4.Answer:CArecentstudyshowingthatpeoplewhoexerciseregularlyarelesslikelytogetsickprovidesadditionalevidencetosupporttheargumentthatregularexercisecanimprovepeople'shealth.OptionAisaboutpeople'sattitudetowardsexercise,notrelatedtotheeffectofexerciseonhealth;optionBmentionsotherwaystoimprovehealth,whichdoesnotstrengthentheargumentaboutexercise;optionDpointsoutthepotentialnegativeaspectofexercise.5.Answer:CJustasparentstakecareofchildreninafamily,teacherstakecareofandeducatestudentsinaschool,soteachersarelikeparentsinaschool.Soldiers,guests,andwaitersdonothaveanappropriateanalogousrelationshipwiththerolesinaschool.6.Answer:AItstartsfromageneralstatementaboutmoststudentsintheclassandreachesaconclusionaboutaspecificstudent(Lily)withacertaindegreeofprobability.Itisnotinductivereasoningbecauseitdoesnotmovefromspecifictogeneral;circularreasoninginvolvesusingtheconclusionasapremise;counterargumentationistoopposeanexistingargument.7.Answer:BWhenevaluatinganargument,thecredibilityoftheevidence,thelogicalconnectionbetweenthepremisesandtheconclusion,andtherelevanceoftheevidencetotheconclusionareallkeyfactors.Theemotionalappealofthelanguageismorerelatedtothepersuasiveeffectfromanemotionalperspectiveratherthanthelogicalstrengthoftheargument.8.Answer:BThesentence“Theweathertodayiswarm,butitwascoldyesterday”uses“but”toshowacontrastbetweentheweathertodayandyesterday.OptionAshowsasimilarity;optionCshowsacauseeffectrelationship;optionDliststwosimilarinterests.9.Answer:BModustollenshastheform“Ifp,thenq.Notq.So,notp”.Here,“Ifyouwanttobehealthy(p),youshouldeatabalanceddiet(q).Youdon'teatabalanceddiet(notq).So,youmaynotbehealthy(notp)”.Modusponensis“Ifp,thenq.p.So,q”;thefallacyofaffirmingtheconsequentis“Ifp,thenq.q.So,p”;thefallacyofdenyingtheantecedentis“Ifp,thenq.Notp.So,notq”.10.Answer:CThefactthat“Infact,penguinscannotfly”directlyrefutestheconclusionoftheargument“penguinscanfly”.OptionsAandBareaboutthecharacteristicsofpenguinsthatarenotrelevanttotheflyingability;optionDisaboutotherbirds'flyingability,notrelatedtorefutingtheargumentaboutpenguins.二、PassageReadingandReasoning1.Theproblemscausedbytheincreaseinthenumberofprivatecarsaretrafficcongestionandworsenedairpollution.Trafficcongestionmakesittakealongtimetotravel,andairpollutionhasanegativeimpactontheenvironmentandpeople'shealthascarsemitharmfulgaseslikecarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxides.2.Theadvantagesofprivatecarsarethattheyprovideconvenienceforpeople'stravelaspeoplecangowherevertheywantatanytimewithoutwaitingforpublictransportation,andtheycanenhancepeople'squalityoflife,forexample,familiescangoonselfdrivingtoursduringholidays.3.Thegovernmentshouldrestricttheuseofprivatecars.Reason1:SolvetrafficproblemsEvidence:Thepassageclearlystatesthatwiththerapidincreaseinthenumberofprivatecars,trafficcongestionhasbecomeaseriousissue.Morecarsontheroadsleadtolongertraveltimes,whichaffectspeople'sdailycommutingefficiencyandtheoveralloperationofthecity.Forexample,inbigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghai,rushhourtrafficjamsareverycommon,causingalotoftimeandenergywaste.Reason2:ProtecttheenvironmentandpublichealthEvidence:Privatecarsemitalargeamountofharmfulgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxides,whichworsenairpollution.Airpollutionisharmfultopeople'srespiratorysystemsandcancausevariousdiseases.Accordingtoenvironmentalresearchreports,vehicleexhaustisoneofthemainsourcesofairpollutioninurbanareas.三、ArgumentConstructionClaim:Studentsshouldbeallowedtousemobilephonesinschool.Reason1:ForlearningpurposesEvidence:Mobilephonescanserveasapowerfullearningtool.Therearenumerouseducationalappsavailable,suchaslanguagelearningappslikeDuolingoanddictionaryappslikeOxfordDictionary.Theseappscanhelpstudentsexpandtheirknowledge,learnnewwords,andimprovetheirlanguageskills.Moreover,studentscanusemobilephonestoaccessonlineeducationalresources,suchasebooksandacademicpapers,whichcanenrichtheirlearningmaterials.Reason2:ForsafetyandcommunicationEvidence:Incaseofemergencies,mobilephonescanbeacrucialmeansofcommunication.Forexample,ifastudentgetsinjuredatschoolorthereisan