1、TheSubjunctiveMood,Grammar,1.IfIwereAndyLou,IwouldbeinHongKongnow.2.IwishIwereamillionaire.3.WesuggestthateveryoneshouldhelptheAIDSpatients.WhentousetheSubjunctiveMoodinEnglish?,hypotheses,wishes,suggestion,虛擬語氣,TheSubjunctiveMood,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式(verbstructure),用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)(fact)，而只是一種假設(shè)(hypothe

2、ses)愿望(wishes)、建議(suggestion)或懷疑(doubt)等等。,ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood,1.虛擬語氣在條件句中1)“表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句一般用過去時(shí),主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo;,虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn):,2)表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”,條件從句用過去完成時(shí),主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.,Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefar

3、m.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.,IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,Idsay“bored”.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctorsadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverunawaywhiletherewasstilltime.

4、Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.,2.虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”,條件從句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般過去時(shí),主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.,Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedt

5、ocometomorrow?,注意:含有should的條件句,主句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí).例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.,3.在正式英語文體中,if從句中的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是should,were或had,可將此動(dòng)詞置于句首,替代if例如：,Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.Shouldany

6、visitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.,4.ifonly和suppose(supposing),也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?,5.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbeenfor也是常見的虛擬句型,意思是“要不是”例如:Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Ifitwe

7、renotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.,6.虛擬語氣用于Iwish的賓語從句中:表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were/was)。表示過去時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示將來時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用would/could等+動(dòng)詞原形。,IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Iwishhewerentsolazy.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.Iwishwehadntbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.

8、,注意:這里Iwish所表達(dá)的意思與ifonly差不多。以上的句子都可以用ifonly來代替Iwish例如:IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Ifonlywehadntbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.,7.Its(about/high)time+從句，表示“該做而未做的事”,是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議,從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Itishightimewebegantowork.Weveenjoyedtheevening,butitstimewewenthome.Itsabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehim

9、self.,8.表示“要求、建議、命令”等動(dòng)詞demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接賓語從句時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語氣,即should+動(dòng)詞原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略例如：,HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.Theuniondemandedthatthewages(should)beraisedby20%.,常用的這類動(dòng)詞是:ask(要求),advise(建議),command(命令),d

10、ecide(決定),demand(要求),insist(堅(jiān)持),move(提議),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(請(qǐng)求),suggest(建議),urge(主張)如果這些動(dòng)詞不是表示“要求、建議、命令”等意思時(shí),這時(shí)賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。,例如：HeinsistedthatIwaswrong.(這兒insist意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”）Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknowsthesecret.(這兒suggest意思是“表明”）,虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要

11、注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.,(條件句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)如果你昨天吃了藥,你的病今天也許就好了。二、省略if的條件句如果if條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主語前。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。如：,Wereitnecessary(=Ifitwerenecessary),Imightresign如果需要的話，我

12、可以辭職。Hadyouinformedmeearlier(=Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier),Iwouldnthavesignedthecontract.要是你早點(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會(huì)簽?zāi)欠莺贤摹?三、含蓄條件句有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達(dá)：1.條件暗含在短語中。如：Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.沒有空氣，就沒有生命。,（條件暗含在介詞短語Withoutair中）Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthav

13、emadesomuchprogress.要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。（條件暗含在介詞短語Butforyourhelp中）Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldresultindisaster.,同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀成大禍。（條件暗含在分詞短語happeninginwartime中）2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）Theywouldhavesucceeded.,他們本來是會(huì)成功的。（可能暗含iftheyhadkepttrying）3

14、.在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：Iwouldnthavedreamedofit.這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句如果省去主句，通常表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。,這種條件句常用ifonly來引導(dǎo)。如：IfonlyIhadknownwheretofindyoujustnow.剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。,1.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he_thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold

15、,we_everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changed,Practise,3.Ifyou_thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didntseeB.haventseenC.wouldntseenD.hadntseen,4.Youarelate.Ifyou_alittleminutesearlier,you_him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet,5.B

16、utforthestorm,we_apleasantjourney.A.shouldhaveB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.shouldhavehad6._todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI,7.Withoutthecomputer,theproblem_insuchashorttime.A.couldntbesolvedB.wouldnthavesolvedC.couldnthavebeensolved,8.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitediffe

17、renttoday.A.willbeB.weretobeC.wouldbeD.is,9.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize,10.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept,根據(jù)括號(hào)中的提示翻譯下列句子。1.如果你接受了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好了。（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句）2.如果你提前告訴我，我就去機(jī)場(chǎng)接他了。（省