1、,inversion,(倒裝句),she is a nice girl.,英語句子的語序,英語句子的自然語序：,英語句子的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):,主語在前，謂語動詞在后,謂語動詞放在主語之前,自然語序,is she a nice girl?,倒裝語序,倒裝類型,完全倒裝,部分倒裝,here comes the car.,never have i seen this kind of car.,完全倒裝,部分倒裝,the car comes here.,i have never seen this kind of car.,*完全倒裝：,又稱為主謂倒裝 全部謂語放在主語之前,英語倒裝句分為兩種：,1) 以he

2、re, there, now, then等副詞或 out, in, up, down, away等表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首以示強調(diào)，句子要全部倒裝，謂語動詞常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等 鈴響了。 公車來了。,there goes the bell.,here comes the bus.,表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。,at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.,a beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill,2.但是，當(dāng)主語為代詞時，主謂并不倒裝。 請比較：,

3、there comes the bus. 公共汽車來了（主語為名詞，主謂應(yīng)倒裝） there she goes.她走了，（主語為代詞，主語不倒裝） at the top of the hill it stood out against the sky.它背襯青天矗立在山頂上。（主語為代詞，主謂不倒裝),注意 主語是人稱代詞時，則不需倒裝。 here he comes. here it is.,那個男孩走開了。 away went the boy. 小孩子沖了出來。 out rushed the children. 他走開了。 她來了。,away he went.,there she comes

4、.,當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時主謂不倒裝.,一座碉樓座落在山頂上。 a watchtower stands on the top of the hill. on the top of the hill stands a watchtower.,1、 in front of our house _ with a history of 1000 years. a. does a tall tree stand b. stands a tall tree. c. a tall tree is standing d. a tall tree stands,b,2. at the foot of the mou

5、ntain _. (四川，28) a. a village lies b. lies a village c. does a village lie d. lying a village,b,2. 完全倒裝也適用于被動語態(tài)中,in the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 遠(yuǎn)處可以見到紫色的山。,3、在直接引語全部或部分置于句首時， 引用動詞和它的主語（名詞）往往要倒裝。,“youve made great progress this term.” said the teacher. “tom”,said his father, “ yo

6、u shouldnt make friends with such boys!”,注意： 1)主語是代詞時，倒裝不倒裝都可以。 “where are you going?”asked he. (he asked.) 2)引用動詞另有賓語時，即使主語是名詞也不倒裝。 “why didnt you join us!”our monitor asked us.,為了強調(diào)句中的狀語或表語，保持句子平衡或上下文銜接緊密，可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝。,謂語是be, 表語提前時，整 個句子需倒裝。,happy is he who devoted himself to the countr

7、y.,某些表語位于句首,1)表語為介詞短語 among the goods are christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.,2)表語為形容詞 present at the meeting were mr white and many other guests.,4)表語為進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞 lying on the floor was a boy. standing beside the desk was a teacher.,3)表語為過去分詞 seated on the ground are a group of young people.

8、,*部分倒裝：,只把助動詞,情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞放在主語之前，謂語的主體部分仍在主語之后,（can could would may will might 等）,助動詞+主語+謂語,把be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 提前到主語的前面,（ do does did have has had等）,系動詞+主語+謂語,（ is am are was were 和它們的否定詞）,情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語,1、so, nor, neither 在句首，重復(fù)前文的內(nèi)容，且主語不一致，表示“也”或”也不“，要部分倒裝。so用在肯定句中，neither和nor用在否定句中,a fish can swim and so can

9、i. i get up at seven and so does my brother. he didnt do it and neither/nor did i. he didnt smoke, nor did he drink.,so +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 某人也是如此 nor/neither +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 某人也不是如此,so +主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 某人確實如此 betty is a nice girl. so she is .,）如果后一個句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面句子的意思，則不倒裝.（確實是） -it is hot today. -so it is

10、. -he finished it on time. -so he did.,注意：,）如按照別人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒裝(某人照辦了） the teacher asked me to read louder , and i did so.,2. 他喜歡讀書，我也是 he likes reading very much. so do i .,3. 我從來沒有去過廣州大學(xué)，他也是 i have never been to guangzhou university, neither/ nor has he.,1. -do you know jim quarreled with his br

11、other? -i dont know, _. a. nor dont i care b. nor do i care c. i dont care neither d. i dont care also,配套練習(xí),. multiple choices.,(1) -i would never come to this restaurant again. the food is terrible. -_! nor i am b. neither would i c. same with me d. so do i,b,2.由as引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句： ）當(dāng)as作為比較意義時，即用于as + adj.

12、/ adv. + as結(jié)構(gòu)中時，如果把第一個as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。she charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).,）當(dāng) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時，和although, though一樣，當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時，可以用于部分倒裝句。 hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam. 雖然他很用功，但他還是沒及格。,_, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 2007 重慶 a. strange as might it sound b.

13、 as it might sound strange c. as strange it might sound d. strange as it might sound,3、在疑問句里。 do you have an english class every day? what did the two cheats pretend to be doing?,4、在省略if的虛擬條件從句中。若含有had,were或should等時，需將had,were或should 等提到主語前。,(=if he should be interested in this subject, ),should he

14、be interested in this subject, he might work hard at it.,had i known the answer, i should have told you.,(=if i had known the answer, i should have ),were it not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from this high school.,注意：我們可以說were it not.或者h(yuǎn)ad it not been., 但不可以說weren t it. 或者h(yuǎn)adnt it

15、been.,if it were not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from this high school.,never, hardly, scarcely 幾乎不，僅僅，決不 seldom, little, barely 僅夠，幾乎沒有 rarely 不常，很少 nowhere無處，到處都無,by no means 決不 in no case, at no time 決不 not until hardly (scarcely)when, no sooner.than(一.就) not onlybut also,5. 在否

16、定或半否定詞放句首表示強調(diào)時， 部分倒裝。,*我很少去看電影 i seldom go to the cinema. seldom do i go to the cinema.,我從來沒有看過這樣的表演 i have never seen such a performance. never have i seen such a performance.,never before have i met him. hardly did i think it possible. not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term（條款，條件）

17、. seldom did the boy read newspaper. little do i dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（風(fēng)景，景色）.,nowhere could we find the book. hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. no sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.,1)當(dāng)上述單詞不提前時，則不倒裝。 i seldom read newspaper before. he had

18、hardly finished his homework when the light went out.,注 意,2)當(dāng)這些詞作形容詞修飾主語時且置句首 時，句子不倒裝。 little work was done yesterday.,1. ive tried very hard to improve my english. but by no means _ with my progress. the teacher is not satisfied is the teacher not satisfied the teacher is satisfied d. is the teache

19、r satisfied,d,2. only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. a. will realize b. he did realize c. did he realize d. should he realize 3. not a single mistake _ in the dictation yesterday. a. did he make b. made by him c. he made d. he had made,4. not only _ a promise, but also kept it

20、. a. had he made b. he had made c. did he make d. he makes 5. i finally got the job. never in all life_ so happy. a. did i feel b. i felt c. i had felt d. had i felt,典型例題,1)why cant i smoke here? at no time_ in the meeting-room a. is smoking permitted b. smoking is permitted c. smoking is it permitt

21、ed d. does smoking permit,答案a. 這是一個倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強調(diào)時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 本題的正常語序是 smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.,典型例題：no sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.a. the game began b. has the game begunc. did the game begin d. had the game begun,答案：d,6.neither.nor連接的兩個句子都要倒裝； not only

22、but also連接的兩個句子時， not only后面的句子要倒裝, but also不倒裝,1)neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. 2)not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice.,(3)not until 引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首引起的主句部分倒裝,直到他的媽媽回來，他才完成作業(yè)。,he didnt finish his homework until his mother came back.,not until his mot

23、her came back did he finish his homework.,主倒從不倒,等到孩子睡著了，媽媽才離開房間 the mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。,not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.,巧記倒裝句,nb前倒后不倒，,o,nu主倒從不倒，,2n前倒后也倒，,nm前后均不倒,not onlybut also,only, not until,neithe

24、rnor,no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,7. 當(dāng)so (such).that.結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時,構(gòu)成部分倒裝句。 so busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare.,8. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時,要用部分倒裝。 注意: only修飾狀語從句時,主句中倒裝,從句中不倒裝; only修飾主語時,則不用倒裝語序。 only the teachers can come in.,主句,從句,only then _ how much damage had been caused. had she r

25、ealized b. she realized c. did she realize d. she had realized,c,only in this way _ do it well. a. must we b. we could c. can we d. we can,9.句首為many a time, to such an extent, to such a degree, to such extremes, with good reason等狀語時，句子需要部分倒裝。 eg：many a time have i dreamed of going back to the villag

26、e.我多次夢見回到村子。,（3）may置句首，表示祝愿。,may you succeed.祝你成功！,倒裝,倒裝句的考點：,全部倒裝,部分倒裝,1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副詞開頭的句子里。,2. 表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。,1、only+狀語位于句首時,2.否定副詞或短語位于句首時,3、在省去if的虛擬條件從句 中,4、so neither nor 位于句首時,5、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,6、特殊句式,1. not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.,did the villagers realize b. the villagers realized,c. the villagers realized d. didn