1、Paradise Lost,John Milton,Book I,Study Focus:,Analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost from Different Literature Perspectives,Genre: Epic poetry Publication date: 1667 The poem concerns the Christian story of the “Fall of Man”.,I. Overview：,Question,What is epic? What are the main features of epic?,Epic (

2、史詩): a long narrative poem, elevated and dignified in theme, tone, and style, celebrating heroic deeds and historically important events. e.g. Beowulf,Common characteristics of epics：,1) National or international heroes, of historical or legendary significance; 2) Vast setting, covering great nation

3、s, the world, or the universe; 3) the action requiring superhuman courage; 4) supernatural forcesgods, angels and demons; 5) a style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity;,Paradise Lost: an epic,1) National or international heroes?, of historical or legendary significance; 2) Vast setting, cov

4、ering great nations, the world, or the universe;(e.g. garden of Eden) 3) the action requiring superhuman courage; 4) supernatural forcesgods, angels and demons;(God, Satan) 5) a style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity;(John Miltons writing style),Thinking,Who is the hero in the story of Pa

5、radise Lost? Adam and Eve, God, or Satan?,Satan,Is Satan a hero just as Beowulf? Why?,II. Free-talk,What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable Will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That Glory never

6、 shall his wrath or might Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee, and deifie his power Who from the terrour of this Arm so late Doubted his Empire, that were low indeed;,Satans Speech-I,That were an ignominy and shame beneath This downfall; since by fate the strength of gods An

7、d this empyreal substance cannot fail, Since through experience of this great event, In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced, We may with more successful hope resolve To wage by force or guile eternal war, Irreconcilable to our grand Foe, Who now triumphs, and in the excess of joy Sole reignin

8、g holds the tyranny of Heaven.,我們損失了什么？ 并不是一無所剩： 堅(jiān)定的意志、熱切的復(fù)仇心、不滅的憎恨， 以及永不屈服、永不退讓的勇氣， 難道還有比這些更難戰(zhàn)勝的嗎？ 我這份光榮絕不能被奪走， 不管是他的暴怒，還是威力。 經(jīng)過這一次慘烈的戰(zhàn)爭， 好容易才使他的政權(quán)動(dòng)搖； 若是這時(shí)還要卑躬屈膝， 向他乞求哀憐，拜倒在他的權(quán)力之下， 那才真正是卑鄙、可恥， 比這次的沉淪還要卑賤。,因?yàn)槲覀兙哂信c生俱來的神力， 賦有輕清的靈質(zhì)，不能朽壞， 還因這次事件的教訓(xùn)， 我們要準(zhǔn)備更優(yōu)良的武器， 更高明的遠(yuǎn)見，更有成功的希望， 以暴力或智力向我們的大敵 挑起不可調(diào)解的持久戰(zhàn)爭。

9、 他現(xiàn)在正沉湎于成功，得意忘形， 獨(dú)攬大權(quán)，在天上掌握虐政呢。,courageous,powerful,leadership,There is in his speech the heroic spirit of a fighter who is destroyed but never defeated.,capable,eloquent,Fallen Cherub, to be weak is miserable, Doing or suffering: but of this be sure- To do aught good never will be our task, But eve

10、r to do ill our sole delight, As being the contrary to high will Whom we resist. If then his Providence Out of our evil seek to bring forth good, Our labor must be to pervert that end, And out of good still to find means of evil; Which of times may succeed, so as perhaps Shall grieve him, if I fail

11、not, and disturb His inmost counsels from their destined aim,Satans Speech-II,But see! the angry Victor hath recalled His ministers of vengeance and pursuit Back to the gates of Heaven; the sulphurous hail, Shot after us in storm, oerblown hath laid The fiery surge that from the precipice Of Heaven

12、received us falling;,There rest, if any rest can harbour there; And, reassembling our afflicted powers, Consult how we may henceforth most offend Our Enemy, our own loss how repair, How overcome this dire calamity, What reinforcement we may gain from hope, If not, what resolution from despair.,墜落的基路

13、伯呀，示弱是可悲的。 無論做事或受苦。 行善決不是我們的任務(wù)， 做惡才是我們惟一的樂事， 這一條是確切的。 反抗我們敵對者的高強(qiáng)意志。 如果他想要從我們的惡中尋找善的話， 我們的事業(yè)的目標(biāo)就得顛倒， 就要探尋由善到惡的途徑。 這定會(huì)屢次奏效， 使他煩惱，攪亂他周密的計(jì)劃， 使它們對不準(zhǔn)所預(yù)定的目標(biāo)， 如果我不失算的話。你看， 那憤怒的勝利者已經(jīng)把復(fù)仇和襲擊的使者召回天界； 暴風(fēng)雨般追擊我們的硫磺火霰漸漸平靜了，,迎接我們從天界的懸崖上墜落下來的火焰的洪波也平息些了， 赭紅的閃電和狂暴的憤怒，也日漸消逝了， 帶翅膀的轟雷，大概因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)用完了彈頭， 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這廣闊無邊的深淵中吼響了。 不管這是

14、由于敵人的輕蔑， 或者是由于他氣頭已過的機(jī)會(huì)， 我們都不要放過這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。 你沒有看見那一片寂寞、荒涼、人跡罕至的原野嗎？ 這里不見亮光，只有這么一些黯淡的火星， 閃著青灰色的，可怕的幽光。 我們往那兒去，一避火浪的沖擊，,能休息就休息，重新集合我們疲憊不堪的隊(duì)伍， 大家討論，如何給敵人更大的破壞， 如何挽回我們的損失， 如何戰(zhàn)勝這個(gè)恐怖的災(zāi)難， 從希望中可以獲取些幫助， 或從失望中得到?jīng)Q策。,To do aught good never will be our task, But ever to do ill our sole delight 行善決不是我們的任務(wù)， 做惡才是我們惟一的樂事,e

15、goistic,evil,arrogant,vicious,III. Further Analysis of Satan,Analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost from Different Literature Perspectives the Psychoanalytical approach the Archetypal approach the traditional literature approaches,Although there are many compelling qualities to his character, Satan is f

16、ar from being the storys object of admiration, as most heroes are.,Summary:,Satans changing shapes,falling angel,cormorant,toad,snake,John Miltons purpose of writing Paradise Lost, in fact, is to “Assert eternal Providence and justify the ways of God to man”.,Of mans first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one great Man Restore us, and regain the blissful seat