1、專題十一 名詞性從句,一、定義 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句(the Subject Clause)、賓語從句(the Object Clause)、表語從句(the Predicative Clause)和同位語從句(the Appositive Clause)。 二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 1. 從屬連詞：that, whether/if, as if 2. 連

2、接代詞：what, which, who, whom, whose 3. 連接副詞：when, where, why, how,具體用法見下表：,【考點(diǎn)一】考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 在高考單項(xiàng)選擇題中，名詞性從句連詞的選擇往往是測試的熱點(diǎn)?？忌舨徽J(rèn)真分析，沒有正確的解題方法，常常造成判斷上的失誤，最終錯(cuò)選了連詞。 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法： 1. who意為“誰”，在從句中作主語。 2. whom意為“誰”，在從句中作賓語，但在口語中常用who代替whom。 3. whoever(=anyone who)意為“凡是的人”，它的賓格形式是whomever （但在口語中常用whoever代替 who

3、mever）。 4. whose意為“誰的”，在從句中作定語。 5. what (=the+n.+that)意為“什么”；whatever(=anything+that)意為“凡是的物”。what 和whatever都可在從句中作主語、表語、賓語。 6. which意為“哪一個(gè)；哪些”；whichever意為“無論哪一個(gè)都”。which 和whichever都可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。,7. where意為“在哪兒”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；when意為“什么時(shí)候”，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語；how意為“如何”，在從句中作方式狀語；why意為“為什么”,在從句中作原因狀語。 8. whether意為

4、“是否”，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何語法成分;引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí)，可與if互換；引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句或引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)，只用whether。 9. that無具體意思，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何語法成分，只起連接作用。 溫馨提示：我們不妨采取“一分二劃三看”三步法對(duì)這種類型的題目加以分析，然后做出正確的選擇。 “一分”即分清從句類型： 即分清從句是哪一種名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句） “二劃”即劃分出從句 “三看”即看從句句意是否完整： 1. 句意不完整缺連接代詞：指人時(shí)，用who, whoever（作主語）；whom, whomever（作賓語）;指物時(shí)，用what

5、, whatever（作主語、賓語）；which, whichever（作主語、賓語）。,2. 句意完整缺連接副詞：指時(shí)間時(shí)，用when；指地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用where, wherever；指原因時(shí)，用why；指方式時(shí)，用how。 句意完整缺不作成分的連詞:有含義的用if, whether（是否）；無含義的用that。 【考點(diǎn)二】考查名詞性從句的語序問題 在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句句首外，其他部分應(yīng)用陳述語序。而考生們往往使用疑問語序，特別是在以wh引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中。克服這個(gè)問題的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句的主語。在試題的設(shè)置上會(huì)通過賓語從句、表語從句的語序來考查，尤其是一些與特殊疑問句有關(guān)的賓語從句或

6、表語從句。 I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. Can you tell me whats the matter with him? 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 These shoes look very good. I wonder _. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost,解析：選C。根據(jù)題干中的及物動(dòng)詞wonder可知,how much引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而名詞性從句要用陳述語

7、序，故排除疑問語序的B、D兩項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)可以改為how much they cost或how much they are worth。故選C項(xiàng)。 【考點(diǎn)三】考查賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 否定轉(zhuǎn)移主要針對(duì)賓語從句。在賓語從句中，當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示“認(rèn)為、相信、猜測”意義的詞，并且主語是第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，形式上是否定主句謂語動(dòng)詞的否定詞，實(shí)際上否定的是賓語從句。在反意疑問句中，其中的附加問句要與從句保持一致，而且要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中去。 I dont believe he treated th

8、e child like that, did he? 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _? A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt she 解析：選B。題干中的be sure同believe, 而且句子的主語是第一人,稱，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以附加問句（反意疑問句）與從句保持一致。 【考點(diǎn)四】考查形式主語、形式賓語 當(dāng)主語從句較長，而謂語較短時(shí)，為了避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將從句后置，而用it作形式主語，置于句首。動(dòng)詞后接復(fù)合賓語，也可用it作形式賓語。不

9、能用this或that來代替it。 It is a pity that he cant attend the party. We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.(that不可以省略) 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析：選D。分析題干可知，it作形式主語，代替真正的主語 that從句。 I hate _ when

10、 people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them,解析：選A?？疾閕t作形式賓語。有些動(dòng)詞如:hate, love, appreciate等,其后習(xí)慣用it作形式賓語，再接賓語從句。 【考點(diǎn)五】考查名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用 (1)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句都會(huì)涉及到虛擬語氣，一些表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞，如insist（堅(jiān)持）/suggest （建議）/order（命令）/request（要求、請(qǐng)求）/require（要求）/recommend(建議)/urge(催促,力勸)等后的賓語從句中的

11、謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should+do（動(dòng)詞原形）”，其中的should可以省略。對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞作主語跟表語從句，或?qū)?yīng)的名詞跟同位語從句，也要用虛擬語氣。但是如果有其他意義則例外，如suggest表示“暗示”時(shí),所跟的賓語從句就用陳述語氣。 The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest. It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions. My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions

12、hasnt been accepted. My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English. (2)主語從句中的某些句型，如Its necessary/essential/strange/a,pity/a shame/no wonder；Its (high) time that .等句型中也常用虛擬語氣，構(gòu)成形式也是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。 is necessary that we should master a foreign language. It is high time

13、 that the children should go to school.(should不可以省略) 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 解析：選C。前一空的從句是真正的賓語，it是

14、形式賓語，考查It is necessary that sb. should do sth.句型，故選C。 It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 解析：選B。句意為:大學(xué)生至少應(yīng)該掌握一門外語。it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。,對(duì)于名詞性從句的用法和其他從句如定語從句、狀語從句及其他一些固定句式的用法上容易混淆，現(xiàn)將其對(duì)比分析如下： 【難點(diǎn)一】that的省略問

15、題 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 I believe _ you have done your best and _ things will get better 解析：that在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位從句時(shí)，一般不省略。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that可以省略。當(dāng)由兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不可省。故第一個(gè)空可填that，也可不填;第二空填that。 下列情況that不可省略： 當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省略。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 當(dāng)賓

16、語從句被it替代時(shí)，that不可省略。 She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision.,當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的狀語緊靠that時(shí)，或that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，that不可省略。 Im sure that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 有插入語或其他成分把賓語從句和主句分開時(shí)，that不可省略。 He thinks, Im afraid, that he is always right. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從

17、句時(shí)，that不可省略。 They said that rubbing the girls leg might help. 從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不可省略。 She says that that is a real gold ring. 【難點(diǎn)二】whether與if 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 The question _ he will go or not has not been decided. Please let me know _ you want to go. 解析：whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，而if不可以。在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)w

18、hether可以與or not直接連用，或是作介詞賓語，但是if不可以。所以第題填whether;第題填whether或if皆可。,只能使用whether的情形如下： 主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句中只能用whether。 Whether he will succeed is still unknown The question is whether it will rain. 介詞后的賓語從句中只用whether。 That depends on whether they will come by bus. 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)只用whether。 He doesnt know wheth

19、er to stay or not. 賓語從句中既可用whether也可用if引導(dǎo)，但是若后面緊接or not時(shí)，只能用whether。 We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what 解析：選B。根據(jù)前面的動(dòng)詞tell可知,and連接兩個(gè)并列賓語，所以后面是賓語從句，由從句中or可知答案。,【

20、難點(diǎn)三】that與what 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. _ she said puzzled him. 解析：that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的根本區(qū)別在于that在所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用;what在所引導(dǎo)的從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。所以第題填that;第題填What。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give

21、 you a great deal of pleasure. A. howB. why C. thatD. when 解析：選C。從句表達(dá)的就是one advantage的具體內(nèi)容，is后是表語從句，從句中的成分完整，所以所填引導(dǎo)詞不作任何成分，故選C。, _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 解析：選A。從題干的is看出前面是主語從句，從句中沒有主語，所以用連接代詞what。B、C兩項(xiàng)是連接副詞，在從句中作狀語,故排除。 【難點(diǎn)四】wh-ever與 no

22、matter wh- 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 _ wants to see this film can go with us tonight. _ cold it is, I will go to school. 解析：疑問詞+ever與 no matter+疑問詞的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。第題空白處引導(dǎo)主語從句，須填whoever;第題空白處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，填however或how皆可。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International S

23、ales, please? A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who,解析：選C。根據(jù)后面是句子可以確定用連詞，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。介詞to后面跟賓語從句，而no matter who僅能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，故選C。 The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 解析：選C。根據(jù)及物動(dòng)詞accept和后面的動(dòng)詞help可知,考查賓語從句，而從句中help是名詞，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該作定語。故

24、選C。 【難點(diǎn)五】引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的that的區(qū)別 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 The news _ he told me yesterday is not true. The news _ he will go to Beijing is not true. 解析：同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何句子成分且不能省略，同位語從句一般放在有抽象含義的名詞后，用以解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容；定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，在充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)常可省略，定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。分析上述兩題可知，第題是定語從句，故填which或that;第題是同

25、位語從句，故填that。,【難點(diǎn)六】it作形式主語的主語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 It was in the hotel _ he stayed that we discussed the serious problem. It is only lately _ he had a family himself. It is natural _ they should have different views. 解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 如果去掉It is/was.that句子仍然成立。通過分析可知，第題空白處引

26、導(dǎo)的是定語從句，故填where;第題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填that;第題是主語從句，故填that。,2013高考真題 【2013北京】31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. What C. Who D. Which 1【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。此題題干部分is為系動(dòng)詞，the creative imagination of the writer為表語，故is之前為主語從句。從句中缺少主語指事物，故填what。意為：使得這本書如此不同尋常的是作者富于創(chuàng)造的想

27、象力。 【2013北京】33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what 2【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞性從句。動(dòng)詞believe之后為賓語從句，從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，不缺少成分，故使用that表陳述。 【2013湖南】28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A

28、. howB. thatC. which D. where 3【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞性從句。動(dòng)詞tell之后為賓語從句，再可以看出賓語從句部分為感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，描述形容詞close用how，故選A。,【2013江西】30._ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever 4【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞性從句。主句謂語為will have to pay，之前為主語從句，根據(jù)句意，無論你們其中哪個(gè)人弄壞窗子都得為之賠償。whichever“無

29、論哪一個(gè)”，故選C。 【2013山東】30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 5【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞性從句。動(dòng)詞know之后為賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that表陳述一件實(shí)事。 【2013陜西】20. It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what

30、 D. whether 6【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞性從句。題干中it作形式主語，真正主語為橫線后的主語從句。判斷主語從句中不缺少主干成分，因此排除代詞BC兩項(xiàng)；“有待被觀察”的事情應(yīng)是不確定的事而不是表陳述，即排除表陳述的that應(yīng)用whether表“是否”。,【2013四川】6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A. When B. How C. What D. That 7【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞性從句。此句謂語動(dòng)詞為describes，之前的部分即為主語從句。主語從句中缺少謂

31、語said的賓語，故選用代詞what作said的賓語引導(dǎo)主語從句； that在名詞性從句中不做成分，只表陳述的語氣；而when和how為副詞，不能做主干成分。 【2013天津】15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 8【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞性從句。主句謂語為is，之前為主語從句，從句中缺少動(dòng)詞tell的直接賓語，指事物，故填what；而which意為“哪一個(gè)”，that、whether均不做成分。 【2013

32、新課標(biāo)I卷】26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. whichB. whereC. howD. what 9【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞性從句。動(dòng)詞found后所接為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語指事物，故填上代詞what。,【2013浙江】16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. t

33、hat C. which D. whether 10【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞性從句。此處belief后所接的從句對(duì)其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明，故為同位語從句，陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，答案為B。 【2013重慶】28. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. A. That B. It C. What D. Which 11【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞性從句。主句謂語動(dòng)詞was之前為主語從句；主語從句中缺少主語指事物，故使用代詞what；that表陳述，不做成分；which表示在確定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇，譯為“哪一個(gè)”。

34、【2013安徽】21From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether 12【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞性從句。此處考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意：地球看起來是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)槠浔砻?1%是被水覆蓋的。,1. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全國) A. that B

35、. which C. what D. where 解析：選D?？疾槊~性從句。句意為：我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。根據(jù)句意，賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此選擇D。 2. Have you finished the book？ No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. (2010全國) A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析：選D。考查賓語從句和連詞。up to為介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，后接賓語從句；由句意“讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密洞穴的地方”可知，此處用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 3. _ som

36、e people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京) A. Whether B. What C. That D. How,解析：選B。考查主語從句。句意為：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句中缺少賓語，只能用what來引導(dǎo)。 4. I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside. (2010北京) A. who B. where C. what D. how 解析：選C?？疾橘e語從句。句意為：我想別人喜歡我是因?yàn)槲业膬?nèi)在品質(zhì)。what引

37、導(dǎo)介詞for的賓語從句并在從句中作表語。 5. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. (2010北京) A. what B. that C. why D. whether 解析：選B?？疾楸碚Z從句。句意為：查爾斯狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛(wèi)科波菲爾的部分原因是小說創(chuàng)作非常貼近他本人的真實(shí)生活。從句中不缺任何成分，因此用that來引導(dǎo)。 6. One reason for her p

38、reference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why,解析：選A?？疾楸碚Z從句。從句中不缺成分，因此用that來引導(dǎo),且that不可以省略。 7. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. (2010上海) A. he is entering which

39、lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 解析：選B?？疾橘e語從句。which引導(dǎo)的句子作know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。 8. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. (2010天津) A. how B. what C. whenD. which 解析：選B?？疾橘e語從句。句意為：作為一名新畢業(yè)生，他不知道在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)需要些什么?？崭窈蟮膹木渲衪akes

40、是動(dòng)詞，其后缺少賓語，所以引導(dǎo)該賓語從句的連接詞要用what。 9. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. (2010重慶) A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which,解析：選A?？疾橘e語從句。句中為賓語從句后置來使句子保持平衡。其正常語序應(yīng)為：To improve the quality of our products we asked whoever had used the product for suggestio

41、ns。 10. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. （2010江蘇） A. whereB. how C. when D. what 解析：選A?？疾楸碚Z從句。agree 是不及物動(dòng)詞，從句中不缺賓語。根據(jù)句意可知，where引導(dǎo)表語從句，充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。 11. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring abou

42、t, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江) A. that B. what C. how D. whether 解析：選B?？疾橹髡Z從句。句意為：盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過這種藥物，但是，它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不確定。side effect副作用，還原主語從句中的主干是the medicine will bring about side effect。故選what,意為“什么樣的”，起修飾作用。,12. We should respect food and think about the people who

43、 dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. (2010福建) A. that B. which C. what D. whether 解析：選C?？疾橘e語從句。who dont have what we have here 是people的定語，其中who是主語，dont have 是謂語，what we have是賓語從句。賓語從句中缺少賓語，故選C項(xiàng)。 13. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (2010山東) A. whyB. whatC. howD. which 解析：選B。考查賓語從句。句意為：在大甩賣開始前，我把孩子們?cè)谙聜€(gè)季節(jié)里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處在句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)need的賓語，所以應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 14. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2